PPT NI MA'AM (1)

Question 1

Levels of Biodiversity

Answer 1

1.Genetic Diversity
2.Species Diversity
3.Ecosystem Diversity

Question 2

-Variability of Genes
-Vital in production of improved varieties of crops, timber trees and domesticated animals

Answer 2

Genetic Diversity

Question 3

Chemical unis of hereditary information that are passed on from one generation to another

Answer 3

GENES

Question 4

-Variety of Species within discrete geographical boundary
- total number of species occurring in a particular area.

Answer 4

Species Diversity

Question 5

-a group of related or similar organisms capable of breeding freely to produce fertile offspring
-basic unit of biological classification
-measure of biological diversity

Answer 5

Species

Question 6

17 Mega Diversity Countries in the Word

Answer 6

-Australia
-Brazil
-China
-Colombia
-Congo
-Ecuador
-India
-Indonesia
-Madagascar
-Malaysia
-Mexico
-Papua New Guinea
-Peru
-Philippines
-South Africa
-United States
-Venezuela

Question 7

The Philippines biodiversity is among the world’s richest. The country is also recognized as a _________, harboring a wide variety of wildlife found nowhere else in the world.

Answer 7

• center of endemism

Question 8

Number: Birds

Answer 8

722 species (64% native, 35% endemic, 1% introduced)

Question 9

Numbers: Reptiles

Answer 9

354 Species (22% Native, 76% Endemics, 2% Introduced)

Question 10

Number: Fish

Answer 10

309 Species (64% Native, 29% Endemic, 7% introduced)

Question 11

Number: Mammals

Answer 11

235 Species (35% Native, 61% endemic, 4% Introduced)

Question 12

Number: Amphibians

Answer 12

115 Species (84% Endemic, 5% Introduced, 11% Native)

Question 13

What Factors Influence (the distribution of) Biodiversity?

Answer 13

1.Temperature
2.Latitudinal Gradient
3.Altitude
4.Precipitation
5.Soil Type
6.Geography
7.Biological interactions with other organisms

Question 14

Four Climatic Classifications of the Regions in the Philippines based on Corona System

Answer 14

-Type 1
-Type 2
-Type 3
-Type 4

Question 15

Two pronounced season, dry from November to April, wet during the rest of the year

Answer 15

Type 1

Question 16

No dry season with a very pronounced rainfalls from November to January

Answer 16

Type 2

Question 17

Seasonal not very pronounced, dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year

Answer 17

Type 3

Question 18

Rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year

Answer 18

Type 4

Question 19

Indirect Benefits (Nature’s Services)

Answer 19

• Maintenance and stabilization of water functions
  -regulation of Climate
  -Maintenance of essential life processes
  -Soil protection and production
  -Recreational, scientific, educational, spiritual, and aesthetic values

Question 20

_________________ is estimated to be between 8.7 million (11.3 million) species, according to recent studies. However, some estimates still suggest that there could be over 30 million species when considering microorganisms and undiscovered taxa.

Answer 20

Global species diversity

Question 21

_________________ have been named and scientifically described to date, though this number is continuously increasing as new species are discovered.

Answer 21

Approximately 2 million species

Question 22

_________________ is currently estimated at around 66,000 species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Answer 22

Global vertebrate species diversity

Question 23

The Philippines is home to more than _______ of land vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, reflecting the country’s status as a megadiverse nation.

Answer 23

1,100 species

Question 24

-Variety of ecosystems within a geographical boundary
-variety of species within different ecosystems
-variety of ecosystems within a particular area

Answer 24

Ecosystems Diversity

Question 25

Ecosystems in the Philippines

Answer 25

1. Forest 2. Freshwater 3. Agricultural 4. Marginal 5. Urban 6. Mangrove 7. Soft-bottom 8. Seagrass 9. Coral reef

Question 26

these diverse Philippine ecosystems include one of the world's richest areas of biodiversity-__________ ...and the most extensive ___________ in the East Asian Seas

Answer 26

-the tropical rainforest - coral reef area

Question 27

the coral reefs in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia have been called the_______________

Answer 27

CORAL TRIANGLE (the world's richest in marine diversity)

Question 28

How many Mega-diverse country are there?

Answer 28

17 Mega-diverse countries

Question 29

Although relatively small among the 17 megadiverse countries, the Philippines has the __________________ per unit area in the world.

Answer 29

greatest concentration of unique species

Question 30

Why is Philippines considered to be Mega-diverse?

Answer 30

-Because it has more than 52, 177 described species (half are endemic) which is about 60-70% of the worlds biodiversity.

Question 31

The Philippines's species are among the ________________________.

Answer 31

world's top 10 in terms of endemism

Question 33

In terms of terrestrial vertebrates, the Philippines is known to host __________ of which 618 (or 50%) is endemic.

Answer 33

1,238 species

Question 34

are defined as a region with a very high distribution of endemic species or native species.

Answer 34

Biodiversity Hotspot

Question 35

Biodiversity Hotspot is also known as _______

Answer 35

biological hotspot

Question 36

_________ are those individual species that are found only in a restricted geographical zone with defined (specific) ecological factors.

Answer 36

Endemic Species

Question 37

A very abundant presence of endemic species in an area could be due to:

Answer 37

*Plentiful resources *Favorable abiotic conditions *Availability of specific factors for each species' growth

Question 38

main characteristics of endemic species

Answer 38

-Specific Geographical Area -Higher Vulnerability -Lower Genetic exchange - Unique Evolution

Question 39

They are species whose location is restricted to certain areas of the planet, which have the specific conditions to ensure their survival

Answer 39

Specific geographical area

Question 40

By relying on very specific natural conditions and having a smaller number of specimens, they are more vulnerable to extinction

Answer 40

Higher vulnerability

Question 41

Natural barriers existing in specific geographical sees prevent genetic exchange and drive the emergence of endemism and its species.

Answer 41

Lower genetic exchange

Question 42

Весause of their isolation, these species end up acquiring unique traits derived from, for example, the diet or climate of the geographical areas.

Answer 42

Unique Evolution

Question 43

Contrary to the common notion, biodiversity is quite_______________ distributed across the Earth.

Answer 43

heterogeneously

Question 44

There are different temperature zones of Earth, with a higher affinity of biodiversity towards the warmer, more humid zones (_________________) as compared to temperate regions (____________).

Answer 44

-near the Equator with high biodiversity -low biodiversity

Question 45

______________ biodiversity is richer than that of any other geographical location on Earth.

Answer 45

Tropical rainforest

Question 46

Direct benefits (nature's goods):

Answer 46

→Food → Clothing → Shelter →Medicine →Commercial/industrial uses →Livelihood →Agriculture

Question 47

▸ around 5,000 plant species are used as food worldwide ▸ food derived from animals include meat, eggs, poultry, fish, shellfish, and dairy products

Answer 47

Biodiversity's contribution to food security

Question 48

➤ clothing fibers are derived from diverse plant species like cotton, abaca, pineapple and maguey ➤ clothing materials and accessories derived from animals include leather or hide, wool, fur, and silk

Answer 48

Clothing

Question 49

→ materials for house construction are derived from various plant sources like guijo, yakal, lauan, apitong, narra, almaciga, coconut, molave, rattan, bamboo, nipa, etc.

Answer 49

Shelter

Question 50

-at least 858 Philippine plant species are used medically -local communities and indigenous peoples rely heavily on a variety of wild plants and animals for their medicines and health care

Answer 50

Medicine

Question 51

- plants provide industrial/commercial products such as natural cellulose, rubber, gums, resin, tannin, dyes, waxes, oils, fuelwood, timber, and forage - animals provide oils, fuel, silk, feathers,

Answer 51

Commercial/industrial uses

Question 52

➡Natural resource products provide livelihood activities like farming, animal raising, hunting, rattan and bamboo gathering, logging, fishing, shellfish collecting, honey gathering, charcoal making, fuel wood gathering, cogon collecting, medicinal herbs gathering, and orchid gathering

Answer 52

Livelihood

Question 53

-Wild species of plants and animals are important in the production of plant and animal domesticates -Wild genetic resources were important in the production of high-yield vegetables like cabbage and cauliflower -Wild animal species are important in improved livestock production of cattle, pigs and poultry

Answer 53

Agriculture