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ppt they sent Flashcards

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1
Q

hypodermis is mainly

A

adipose tissue

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2
Q

of rows of stratum granulosum

A

3-5

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3
Q

of rows of stratum basale

A

1

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4
Q

type of cells in stratum basale

A

cuboidal, dividing by mitosis

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5
Q

components of stratum corneum

A 
Loricrin
Involucrin
Profilaggrin
Trichohyalin
SPR's
S100A proteins
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6
Q

protein components of granular layer

A

Keratin 1, 2, 9, 10
TG3
desmoglein-1
desmocollin-1

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7
Q

Components of spinous layer

A

TG1, TG5

desmoglein-2, 3, 4

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8
Q

Components of basal layer

A

Keratin 5, 14
TG2
BPAG1

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9
Q

Components of basal lamina

A

BPAG2
collagen-17
a6b4 integrin
laminin-5

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10
Q

trichohyalin gives

A

mechanical strength (cross links with itself and other structural proteins)

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11
Q

SP100 protein function

A 
regulatory
protein phosphorylation
transcription factors
Ca homeostasis
cytoskeleton constituents
enzyme actiivty
growth and differentiation
inflammatory response
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12
Q

function of desmoglein

A

component of desmosomes

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13
Q

BPAG stands for

A

bullous pemphigoid antigen

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14
Q

a6b4 integrin is associated with

A

tumor cell survival regulation

integrins are cell surface receptors for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions

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15
Q

laminin 5

A

epithelial adhesion ligand

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16
Q

function of stratum granulosum

A

barrier to penetration by foreign materials

limits water loss

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17
Q

Cells in stratum granulosum contain

A

basophilic keratohyalin granules

membrane-coated lamellar granules

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18
Q

function of stratum spinosum

A

resistance to abrasion

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19
Q

Description of cells in stratum spinosum

A

cytoplasm filled with bundles of keratin filaments

desmosomes (intercellular bridges)

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20
Q

function of stratum basale

A

source of keratinocytes
stem cells, melanocytes
senses messages from dermis

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21
Q

Type of collagen in lamina lucida

A

collagen 17

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22
Q

Type of collagen in lamina densa

A

collagen 4

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23
Q

anchoring fibrils are which type of collagen

A

7

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24
Q

Dermis consists of

Study These Flashcards
A

collagen 1 and 3

25
Types of connections between cells in epidermis
Tight junction Adherens junction Desmosomes Gap junction
26
effect of UV irradiation on melanin
accelarates synthesis in melanocytes
27
melanin granules accumulate in
supra-nuclear region
28
Langerhans cells are
first immunitary sensor to external aggression | UV/bacteria/virus
29
to carry out function, Langerhans cells
- transform into dendritic cells | - activate T-lymphocytes
30
immunity response once langerhans cells activate t lymphocytes is associated with
inflammation | blood cell infiltration
31
Papillary layer of dermis consists of
- areolar connective tissue - dermal papillae - tactile corpuscles (meissner) - dermal friction ridges
32
Reticular layer of dermis consists of
dense irregular connective tissue
33
Main proteins secreted by dermal cells
Collagen (I, III, V, VII) Elastin Non-collagenous glycoproteins Glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans
34
function of collagen in dermis
tensile properties
35
function of elastin in dermis
elasticity, resilience
36
function of non collagenous glycoproteins in dermis
cell adhesion and motility
37
function of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans in dermis
hydration
38
function of fibroblasts
secrete connective tissue in dermis
39
function of dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils in dermis
control immunity response to aggression
40
UVA irradiation causes
elastosis (elastin degradation/oxidation and cross-linking)
41
sebum is secreted _________ and released _______
into the hair follicle | onto the surface of the skin
42
function of sebum
waterproofing and moisturizing for hair and skin
43
hypersensitivity to androgens leads to (in terms of sebum)
increased sebum excretion hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous duct-->formation of microcomedone initial changes seen in lower part of follicular infundibulum
44
effect of formation of microcomedone
prevents passage of sebum onto the skin | occludes follicular opening-->proliferation of P. acnes
45
function/location of pacinian corpuscle
sensing deep pressure | found in dermis
46
function/location of free nerve endings in skin
warmth/cold/pain lower layers of epidermis abundant in hair follicles
47
function/location of meissner's corpuscles
detect light touch | dermal papilla
48
characteristics of innate aging (genetic)
fine wrinkling atrophy of dermis loss of subcutaneous fat
49
characteristics of photoaging (actinic damage)
Coarse wrinkling | Solar elastosis
50
differences in newborn skin vs aged skin
abundant collagen network-->loss of collagen, atrophy of dermis intact elastic fiber network-->degenerated abundance of hyaluronic acid, high degree of hydration-->loss of hydration
51
causes of cutaneous aging in dermis
decline in collagen biosynthesis (reduced synthesis of hydroxyproline, increased solubility of newly synthesized collagen) decline in elastin mRNA levels
52
effects of aging on epidermis
- metabolism slows down - differentiation process slows down - defense mechanisms weaken - skin barrier decreases - hydration decreases - immunity decreases - antioxidants/repairing enzymes efficiency decreases - intercellular communication/adhesion decreases - oxidated waste accumulates (age spots) - subcellular inflammation increases
53
what can raman spectroscopy measure
in vivo tests to show: improved skin penetration active transformation
54
what is raman spectroscopy
in vivo active penetration evaluation shines monochromatic light->detect scattered light small amt scattered light is shifted in energy from laser frequency due to interactions between incident EM waves and vibrational energy levels of molecules in sample the active will have a specific raman signature which allows identification in the skin information obtained from deep layers under surface, for real time tracking of drug in skin layers
55
what does RT-PCR stand for, and what does it do in general
Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction | shows whether or not a specific gene is being expressed in a given sample
56
how is RT-PCR relevant for cosmetics
study expression profile of genes involved in key skin biology processes--> use the array to identify skin care benefits of actives/mechanism of action
57
what do DNA chips do
identify genes that are turned on or off as cells react to a chemical (by detecting mRNA) pattern of gene activity should indicate toxicity/offer clues to biochemical pathways by which harm occurs (reduce need for animal testing)
58
High-content screening is used to identify
cytotoxicity of things such as delivery vehicles for actives

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