ppt2

Question 1

A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying spatial data

Answer 1

Geographic Information System

Question 2

GIS process

Answer 2

1. Input: spatial data
2. GIS/mapping software: analysis and data visualization (does not come with its own data)
3. Output: new data and maps

Question 3

Theoretical overview

Answer 3

• GIS creates real world spatial data
• As digitized themed data “layers”
• Assembled in any combination
• And overlaid for analysis

Question 4

desktop softwares

Answer 4

ArcGIS Pro
QGIS

Question 5

GIS Applications

Answer 5

View imagery
Create 3d models
Create maps
Conduct analysis

Question 6

e.g. points, lines and polygons

Answer 6

vector

Question 7

Composed of coordinates

Answer 7

vector

Question 8

most common vector file format

Answer 8

shapefile

Question 9

Actually a collection of several different files with different extensions

Answer 9

shapefile

Question 10

Rows represent unique geometries (e.g. state polygons)
Columns represent a number of variables (theoretically infinite)

Answer 10

vector Backend database/Attribute table

Question 11

e.g. row and column matrix

Answer 11

Raster

Question 12

Composed of pixels

Answer 12

Raster

Question 13

Includes aerial photographs, digital elevation models, and scanned maps (all constructed from pixels)

Answer 13

Raster

Question 14

Each cells has its own value
Raster can only symbolize one variable at a time

Answer 14

frontend cell matrix

Question 15

Rows represent unique values (e.g. 1m, 2m, 3m, etc.)
Columns have specific variables

Answer 15

raster Backend database/Attribute table

Question 16

Includes common image formats

Answer 16

raster file extensions

Question 17

spatial data types

Answer 17

vector
raster
tabular

Question 18

Can be transformed into spatial data in two ways

Answer 18

tabular data

Question 19

tabular data can be transformed into spatial data through:

Answer 19

joining and geocoding

Question 20

joining methods

Answer 20

Use a shared unique identifier to match up tabular data to spatial’s data attribute table

Question 21

geocoding methods

Answer 21

• Use lat/lon coordinates in table to plot as points on map
• Use addresses to plot locations based on a street network

Question 22

geodatabases

Answer 22

ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

Question 23

a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file system folder

Answer 23

ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

Question 24

advantanges of ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

Answer 24

larger files size limits,
faster processing time when using
analysis tools

Question 25

disadvantages of ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

Answer 25

can only be opened in ESRI software

Question 26

common associated workflows

Answer 26

- satellite remote sensing - 3d modeling and photogrammetry - statistical analysis - visual design

Question 27

Processed imagery as rasters or vectors (e.g. enhancements, classifications)

Answer 27

Satellite remote sensing

Question 28

Raw Imagery for basemaps

Answer 28

Satellite remote sensing

Question 29

Processed imagery as rasters or models (e.g. orthophotos, DEMS, 3D models)

Answer 29

3d modeling and photogrammetry

Question 30

Attribute tables for running analyses, (e.g. regressions, predictions)

Answer 30

Statistical analysis

Question 31

Maps for improved design aesthetics

Answer 31

Visual design

Question 32

characteristics of spatial data

Answer 32

generalization abstraction spatial resolution/scale temporal resolution

Question 33

The most detailed data available is not suitable for all purposes (or often a manageable file size)

Answer 33

Generalization

Question 34

The process of reducing data from its complete state to what is necessary for use and presentation

Answer 34

Abstraction

Question 35

Suitable data geometry is dependent on scale e.g. roads are polygons at local scale but lines at national scale

Answer 35

Spatial resolution/scale

Question 36

Searching for spatial data

Answer 36

-Look in general GIS data repositories -Search the internet -Include “gis”, or “data” in the search terms Search by location and/or topic Search for country statistical agencies or open data sites (large cities often have their own open data portals as well) -Contact GIS departments, universities, or researchers in your area of interest. -Search for articles on your topic and look for the sources of the data.

Question 37

Used to learn how and why the data were created, access restrictions, columns in the attribute table, and much more!

Answer 37

metadata

Question 38

data visualization principles

Answer 38

cartography maps

Question 39

is the art and science of making maps

Answer 39

Cartography

Question 40

always simplifications of reality, which makes them helpful when making decisions or explaining patterns

Answer 40

Maps

Question 41

designed by people (who have intentions), so we have to create them responsibly

Answer 41

Maps

Question 42

three key questions

Answer 42

1. who wants the map 2. where will it be seen 3. what is its purpose

Question 43

map design process

Answer 43

-Start with assembling the data from multiple sources -Choose data, analyses, and symbolization -Insert the title, legend, north arrow, scale bar and labels

Question 44

Provides accessible color options

Answer 44

Colorbrewer

Question 45

Commonly used map type

Answer 45

Choropleth

Question 46

These use different shading and coloring to display the quantity or value in defined areas

Answer 46

Choropleth

Question 47

choropleth map choices

Answer 47

-number of classes -classification method

Question 48

Aggregates data for display More classes=more variation

Answer 48

number of classes (choropleth)

Question 49

Data classification is how data is arranged into separate classes

Answer 49

Classification method

Question 50

Classification method major types

Answer 50

Equal intervals Quantile Natural breaks Defined intervals

Question 51

classes have equal ranges

Answer 51

Equal intervals

Question 52

classes have equal counts

Answer 52

Quantile

Question 53

optimizes class variation

Answer 53

Natural breaks

Question 54

you define classes

Answer 54

Defined intervals

Question 55

Is about developing a balanced arrangement

Answer 55

Map layout design

Question 56

GPS

Answer 56

global positioning system

Question 57

Etched the lay of the land in clay tablets

Answer 57

Babylonians 2300 BC

Question 58

started making maps using wooden blocks

Answer 58

15th century

Question 59

TIGER:

Answer 59

Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

Question 60

Outsourcing tasks to a large group of people often through an appeal on the internet

Answer 60

Crowdsourcing

Question 61

A free wiki map that allows users to edit and add geographic data

Answer 61

Open Street Map

Question 62

is an open source software application which utilizes user-generated reports to collate and map data.

Answer 62

USHAHIDI

Question 63

Text message network used in the Haiti earthquake

Answer 63

4636 effort