PPV

Question 1

Pars Plana

Answer 1

ciliary body 1mm limbus posteriorly 6 mm. 2mm pars plicata 4 mm flattened pars plana

Question 2

surgical incision

Answer 2

phakic 4mm, pseudophakic 3.5mm

Question 3

Innocuous peripheral retinal degeneration

Answer 3

microcystoid (peripheral cystoid) degeneration, Paving stone degeneration, Reticular (honeycomb) degeneration, Pars plana cyst

Question 4

Dentate processes

Answer 4

nasally, retina extensions onto the pars plana

Question 5

Oral bays

Answer 5

scalloped edges of pars plana epi between dentate processes

Question 6

Meridional folds

Answer 6

superonasal, may small hole, thickened retina in line with dentate processes

Question 7

microcystoid (peripheral cystoid) degeneration

Answer 7

tiny vesicles on grey-white background, all eyes, increase with age, may degenerative schisis

Question 8

Paving stone degeneration

Answer 8

inferior, between equator and ora, yellow-white chorioretinal atrophy, 25% of normal

Question 9

Reticular (honeycomb) degeneration

Answer 9

age-related perivascular pigmentation

Question 10

Pars plana cyst

Answer 10

temporally, 5-10% eyes, from non-pigmented ciliary epithelium

Question 11

Lattice degeneration

Answer 11

8% eyes, 40% of RD, bi, temporal superior, between equator and posterior border of vitreous base, discontinuity of ILM

Question 12

Snailtrack degeneration

Answer 12

demarcated snowflakes, white frost-like appearance

Question 13

Cystic retinal tuft

Answer 13

5% eyes, in 5-10% of RD, temporally, discrete elevated whitish lesion, glial, vitreoretinal adhesion

Question 14

Degenerative retinoschisis

Answer 14

inferotemporal, bi in 80%, typical-outer plexiform layer,anteriorly to equator, reticular-NFL,worse,posteriorly. convex, smooth, thin, immobile

Question 15

Zonular traction tuft

Answer 15

nasally, 15%, near ora serrata

Question 16

white with pressure

Answer 16

translucent white-gray, indentation, normal eyes, may with lattice, snailtrack, retinoschisis

Question 17

white without pressure

Answer 17

without indentation. condensed vitreous. retinal breaks, giant tears

Question 18

Myopic choroidal atrophy

Answer 18

posterior pole and equatorial area. may lead to RD

Question 19

synchysis

Answer 19

liquefaction

Question 20

liquefaction

Answer 20

synchysis

Question 21

condensation

Answer 21

syneresis

Question 22

syneresis

Answer 22

condensation

Question 23

PVD - kolejność

Answer 23

perifoveal - foveal - posterior retina/equator - optic disc - vitreous base. complications 27%. 20% retinal tear

Question 24

Retinal tear - location

Answer 24

upper temporal

Question 25

retinal detachment - definition

Answer 25

tear more than one disc diameter

Question 26

dialyses - what, where, when

Answer 26

circumferential tears along ora serrata, vitreous gel attached to the posterior margin. blunt trauma

Question 27

giant retinal tear - definition

Answer 27

U-tear involving 90st or more. vitreous gel attached to the anterior margin

Question 28

risk for RD

Answer 28

symptomatic>asymptomatic, traction, larger, superior, equatorial>oral breaks, operculated-very low, asymptomatic U-tears-low risk

Question 29

Cryotherapy - when, parameters

Answer 29

multiple contiguous tears, extensive tears, hazy media, small pupils. 0.1s 200-300 um 3-mirror or 100-200 wide-field. start 200mW

Question 30

rRD - how many in myopic

Answer 30

40%

Question 31

rRD - how many symptoms

Answer 31

60%

Question 32

rRD - location order

Answer 32

60% superotemporal - 15% superonasal/inferotermporal - 10% inferonasal

Question 33

rRD - how many more than one break

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

rRD - location of more quickly appreciated symptoms

Answer 34

lower field defect

Question 35

flashes - where in visual field

Answer 35

temporal

Question 36

Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome

Answer 36

raised IOP, rRD, mild anterior uveitis, often due to a dialysis due to prior blunt trauma in a young man

Question 37

Choroidal detachment - when, features

Answer 37

hypotony, uvetitis, posterior scleritis, choroidal tumors, cyclodialysis cleft, RD, uveal effusion syndrome. Brown, convex, smooth, relatively immobile

Question 38

Pneumatic retinopaxy - definition, jaki gas, when

Answer 38

intravitreal gas bubble with cryotherapy or laser. SF6, C3F8, uncomplicated IR with small break. cluster breaks more than 2 clock hour in upper 2/3

Question 39

SF6

Answer 39

sulfur hexafluoride, doubles volume, lasts 10-14 days

Question 40

sulfur hexafluoride

Answer 40

SF6, doubles volume, lasts 10-14 days

Question 41

C3F8

Answer 41

perfluoropropane, quadruples its volume, lasts 55-65 days

Question 42

perfluoropropane

Answer 42

C3F8, quadruples its volume, lasts 55-65 days

Question 43

complications of scleral buckle

Answer 43

diplopia, CME 25%, ERM 15%, persistent subfoveal fluid, foveal disruption, anterior segment ischemia, extrusion/intrusion/infection, elevated IOP, choroidal detachment, PVR, reopening of break

Question 44

tRD - features

Answer 44

no photopsia, concave, mobility reduced, shallower SRF

Question 45

eRD - causes

Answer 45

melanoma, hemangioma, meta, Harada disease, posterior scleritis, bullous CSR, RD surgery, panretinal photocoagulation, CNV, hypertensive choroidopathy, uveal effusion syndrome

Question 46

eRD - features

Answer 46

convex, smooth, not corrugated, very mobile, shifting fluid

Question 47

PPV devices

Answer 47

vitreous cutter, fibreoptic probe, infusion cannula, scissors, forceps, flute needle, endodiathermy, endolaser delivery systems

Question 48

C2F6

Answer 48

perfluorethane, triples volume, lasts 30-35 days

Question 49

perfluorethane

Answer 49

C2F6, triples volume, lasts 30-35 days

Question 50

When PPV for rDR

Answer 50

breaks cannot be visualized (hemor, debris, PCO), giant tears, large posterior breaks, presence of PVD (last 3 - unlikely to be closed with buckle)

Question 51

PPV complications

Answer 51

Raised IOP (overexpansion gas, silicone early-pupillary block, emulsified late, ghost cell, inflammatory, steroid), cataract (gas-induced feathering of posterior capsule, silicone, delayed-nuclear sclerosis), band keratopathy (extended silicone oil)