PQs Flashcards
(350 cards)
1
Q
Which vitamin can not be synthesized by guinea pigs?
A
Vitamin C
2
Q
What is characteristic of poxvirus infection in reptiles?
A
In reptiles, the poxvirus is epitheliotropic
dermatitis
3
Q
Which test step is essential when testing a guinea pig?
A
View of teeth in the oral cavity
4
Q
What disease can develop in a Greek turtle in a room terrarium without a UV light source?
A
rickets
5
Q
What is the primary thing to do if the owner calls for help on the phone, because a guinea pig by itself does
not eat much, gubbaszt.
A
forcefeed with High fiber Diet
bring for general examination
6
Q
Which litter should be used for guinea pigs?
A
woodshavings
(chips)
7
Q
Which substrate/ socket in the terrarium of day geckos is not suitable
A
ideally garden sand
but also dry sand
8
Q
In which species is porphyrin secretion characteristic of the eye
A
rat
porphyrin secreted from eye and nose
9
Q
mouse porphyrin secretion
A
Harderian Gland
reddish porphyrin secretion under the eye
10
Q
What is not a consideration in the dietary choices of real herbivores?
A
intestinal obstruction
11
Q
In rabbits, which problem is the surgical indication in most cases?
A
Overgrowth of incisors
12
Q
What does swelling of the harderian gland cause in turtles?
A
Eyelid swelling
13
Q
What to look for when changing feeds for guinea pigs
A
Gradua Alaptation
Introducing a new thing at 1 time
14
Q
In the case of guinea pigs, in which disease should the zoonotic character be emphasized?
A
Fungal skin lesions
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
15
Q
Which chameleon disease is an immediate surgical indication?
A
egg and follicular disease
16
Q
How to treat atheromas in guinea pigs?
A
Surgical removal
17
Q
For which 4 species is it true that they are all true herbivores?
A
Rabbit, guinea pig, chinchilla, degu
not - rat, horse, gerbil
18
Q
What is the therapeutic dose of vitamin A in turtles?
A
300 IU / kg
19
Q
What to do in case of cloaca outbreak in reptile species?
A
in fresh cases
surgical replacement is a priority
20
Q
Which species has a dusky lifestyle?
A
Guinea pig
21
Q
Which hormone test should you ask for a guinea pig blood test if you experience significant weight loss and
there are no other reasons that can be ruled out on a x-ray or dental examination?
A
Thyroxine
22
Q
In a 40-degree, desert-type terrarium, what happens to snake mite eggs?
A
They dry out quickly and die
23
Q
What is the first step in treating turtle egg retention?
A
Administration of calcium and oxytocin
24
Q
What problem should be considered primarily when young rabbits develop nervous system symptoms?
A
Encephalitozoonosis
25
Which two species are characterized by yellowish incisors?
Chinchilla, degu
26
Which species is characterized by induced ovulation?
Rabbit
27
Where does bacterial fermentation take place?
Caecum
28
Which skin problem is absolutely necessary to prove a skin scratch test in a guinea pig test?
Dermatophytosis
demodex
29
In which species is the so-called "cafatolt" moulting?
corn snake - tattered type shedding
30
Which statement is true?
In reptiles, the surface of freshly formed burns can be considered virtually sterile
31
in california king snakes
what can a snake mite infection cause?
The so-called "cafatolt" shedding
32
Which species of Mycoplasma can cause pneumonia in reptiles?
Mycoplasma agassizii
33
In which tuberculosis of birds does the primary complex most often develop
intestines - in all cases
34
What causes pneumonia verimosa in snakes?
Rhabdias sp.
35
In which organ do ciliated-whip parasites cause inflammation in snakes when kept at suboptimal
temperatures?
Intestinal tract
36
which species is characterized by active ophiophagia?
king cobras
37
When is the physiology of fatty liver degeneration in reptiles?
Acute hepatitis
38
In which species there is no so-called. "sham bladder"?
corn snake
39
How many degrees is it recommended for Greek turtles to overwinter?
Around 5 degrees C.
40
What is the causative agent of parathyroid disease in parrots?
Herpes virus
41
What can cause rhinitis i.e. the RNA syndrome in terrestrial turtles?
Iridovirus infection
42
What effect can gentamicin have on reptiles?
Nephrotoxic
43
What causes cryptosporidium serpentis in snakes?
Hypertrophic gastritis
44
Knemidocoptes sp. in which organ does it cause changes in birds?
In the skin, especially around the beak and legs
45
Which statement is true before the wintering of terrestrial turtles?
Constantly get fiber-rich green plant parts according to your appetite, which will also help overwinter the intestinal microbes. of the gut
46
In which group of reptiles is paramyxovirus pneumonia characteristic?
Snakes
47
What is the pathogen of parrot disease?
Chlamydophyla psittaci
48
Where is the gallbladder of snakes located?
next to spleen, further away from liver
49
What can cause tongue fallout in chameleons?
Hypocalcaemia
50
What is the incubation period for circovirus infection in parrots?
21-44 days
51
In which species is Entamoeba invadent not a commensalist
corn snake
52
What are the symptoms of hypovitaminosis B1 in fish-eating snakes?
cns signs
53
When is food rejection abnormal in a red-tailed boa?
in case of mite infection
54
When is smallpox more common in exotic birds?
End of summer
55
What can cause stomatitis in Greek turtles?
herpes
56
What is the excretory product of in aquatic reptiles? What does the kidney excrete?
Allantoin
57
What could be one possible cause of 3-week posthibernation anorexia in a Greek turtle?
The air in the wintering room was too dry and the reptile dried up
58
in which species can Geophaiga be physiological?
Greek turtle
59
Where and what lesions do we find in the case of megabacteriosis
inflammation of gastric gland
60
What does haemipenis retractoris muscle injury cause in snakes
penile prolapse
61
What is the therapeutic dose of ivermectin in a Greek turtle?
Not used because it is toxic to terrestrial turtles
62
what is red leg syndrome in amphibians?
a. Bilirubin disorder in amphibians caused by liver changes
b. Acute incest in amphibians
c. Rachitis in amphibians
d. Gastritis and enteritis in amphibians
d. Gastritis and enteritis in amphibians
63
What is characteristic for the incisors of the rabbits?
a. double
b. missing
c. Only 2 grom in a row
d. Only 1 growi a row
a. double
64
On what basis kidney disorder can cause MBD in reptiles?
a. Increased excretion of Ca
b. Kidney disorders can never cause MBD in reptiles
c. Increased excretion of K
d. Increased excreton of Fe
a. Increased excretion of Ca
65
When can the shedding cycle shorten in reptiles?
a. Never
b. In case of lower environmental temperature
c. If the air is more humid in the terrarium
d. After surgeries or injuries
d. After surgeries or injuries
66
Which species are able to quick color change, what we are also looking for as part of the
physical examination?
a. Red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor)
b. Leopard gecko
c. Veiled Chameleon
d. greek tortoise
c. Veiled Chameleon
67
in what species can wet shell rot appear
a. Aquatic turtles
b. Giant snakes (boas and phytons)
c. Chameleons
d. Terrastrial tortoises
a. Aquatic turtles
68
Which statement is FALSE?
a. In reptiles hemipenis prolapse always have to be amputated
b. On of the causes of hemipenis prolapse in reptiles can be the injury of the rectractor
muscles
c. On of the causes of hemipenis prolapse in reptiles can be the strangulation of the
organ during mating
d. The newly prolapsed hemipenis can be put back to its pouch
a. In reptiles hemipenis prolapse always have to be amputated
69
Which statement is TRUE?
a. Some of the rabbits have atropináz enzyme
b. You can not give ketamine to rabbits
c. It is very easy to intubate rabbits
d. Atropine is increasing the motility in rabbits
a. Some of the rabbits have atropináz enzyme
70
Which statement is TRUE for Barded dragons?
a. They are herbivores, and only eat plant parts
b. They are insectivorous
c. They are egg-eaters
d. They are on a mixed diet, half insects and half plant-based
d. They are on a mixed diet, half insects and half plant-based
71
What is Herpes virus cause in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Muscle degeneration
b. Nephritis
c. Panophthalmitis
d. Diphteroid inflammation in the oro-pharyngeal cavity
d. Diphteroid inflammation in the oro-pharyngeal cavity
72
What are Cryptospridiums cause in snakes?
a. Hyperthrophyc gastritis
b. Atrophic gastritis
c. Nothing, the disease is not known is reptiles
d. NEphritis purulenta
a. Hyperthrophyc gastritis
73
Which statement is TRUE?
a. In birds, ultrasonoghraphic examination is the best imaging method
b. Never examine birds with an endoscope because of the complications
c. The air-sacs of the birds are narrowing the possibilities of the ultrasonographic examinations
d. Never examine birds with an X-ray
c. The air-sacs of the birds are narrowing the possibilities of the ultrasonographic examinations
74
What is a successful treatment for entamoebiasis in reptiles?
a. Gentamycin
b. Enrofloxacin
c. Metronidasole
d. A-vitamin and anti-inflammatory agents
c. Metronidasole
75
Which virus can cause rhinitis in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Poxvirus
b. Adenovirus
c. Paramyxovirus
d. Herpesvirus
d. Herpesvirus
76
What is the most common cause of gout (arthritis) in chameleons?
a. C-vitamin overdose
b. A-vitamin overdose
c. Hypovolaemia due to thirst
d. From over-drinking
c. Hypovolaemia due to thirst
77
What can cause beak overgrowth in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Low-fibre containing feed
b. High-fibre containing feed
c. This disease is not exsisting
d. we dont know the source
a. Low-fibre containing feed
78
Which statement is TRUE?
a. After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is physiological for a few days
b. After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is not physiological
c. Reptiles have a good appetite after waking up from winter
d. Reptiles can fasting for weeks after waking up from winter
After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is physiological for a few days in snakes
79
What is the difference between the male and the female Diamond doves?
a. Nothing, they can only been differentiated by endoscopic examination
b. Males have a wide carmine-red circle around their eyes
c. Males have a narrower carmine-red circle around their eyes than females
d. Males have yellow dots around their eyes
b. Males have a wide carmine-red circle around their eyes
80
What poxvirus cause in reptiles?
a. Chronic incest
b. It is not known in reptiles
c. Multiplex, nodular/nodule-forming dermatitis
d. Multiplex, nodular/ nodule-forming gastritis
c. Multiplex, nodular/nodule-forming dermatitis
81
Which statement is true?
a. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypocalcaemia
b. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypercalcaemia
c. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is C-vitamin overdose
d. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is E-vitamin overdose
a. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypocalcaemia
82
Which statement is TRUE?
a. In birds, never take blood from the jugular vein
b. We can only take blood from the jugular vein from awake birds
c. We should take blood from the jugular vein in anesthesia
d. In birds, we can only take blood from the arteries
b. We can only take blood from the jugular vein from awake birds
83
What happens with the snake mites in 40°C?
a. Developing faster
b. Developing slower
c. Dry out and die
d. Nothin, the temperature is not affecting them
c. Dry out and die
84
Preovulational follicular retentio is frequent is which species?
a. Corn snake
b. Red-tail boa
c. Not known in reptiles
d. Veiled chameleon
d. Veiled chameleon
85
What can cabbage overfeeding cause in tortoise?
a. Nothing
b. Thyroid dysfunction
c. Adrenal dysfunction
d. Sexual dysfunction
b. Thyroid dysfunction
86
When can US have significance in reptile examination:
- to investigate fractures
- look for foreigh bodies that doesnt give Xray shadow
- exam.of bone tumors
- exam of repraring of fractures
- look for foreigh bodies that doesnt give Xray shadow
87
What does paramyxovirus of snakes causes?
- nephritis
- often pneumonia
- ochritis
- acut gastritis
- often pneumonia
88
What causes goiter in land tortoises?
- iron defic.
- Iodine defic.
- alminium defic.
- Iodine defic.
89
What does Entamobainvadens causes in herbivors reptiles?
- usually not pathogenic
- hypertrophic gastritis
- diphteroid typhlitis
- acut pneumonia
- usually not pathogenic
90
Whats the color of the iris of the yellow-coronate cockatoo?
black
yellow
grey
brown
black
91
What does Rhabdias spp. worms cause in snakes?
- pneumonia
- gastritis
- enteritis
- stomatitis
- pneumonia
92
Which statement is true?
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by little muscle contractions. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by elevating thyroxin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by decreasing thyroxin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by elevating oxytocin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by little muscle contractions. This is called brooding
93
What does Ca defic.causes is land tortoises?
- goiter
- hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
- hyperplasia of parathyroid
- hypoplasia of parathyroid
- hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland
94
Which statement is true?
- if reptiles dont find sufficient egg laying place, complete egg retention will happen
- the insufficient temperature of the terrarim during egg layig is NOT cause of egg retention
- disturbance of the animal during egg layig is NOT cause of egg retention
- if reptiles dont find sufficient egg laying place, complete egg retention will happen
95
When the plastron of a Testudo hermanni tunrs red, the animal is lethargig and has anorexy, you
think of:
- prepares for hybernationaa
- prepares for egg laying
- acute septicemia
- acute septicemia
96
Whis is FALSE:
- cause of tattered shedding can be the too low humidity of the terrarium during shedding
- cause of tattered shedding can be mite infestation
- cause of tattered shedding can be the lack of objects helping shedding
- there is no tattered shedding in reptiles
- there is no tattered shedding in reptiles
97
What can depletion of uric acid cause in the joints reptiles?
- nothing, they dont cumlate in the joints
- septic arthritis
- aseptic arthritis
- it accumplates in joints but dont case anything
- aseptic arthritis
98
When the uric acid compartment of feces becomes grassgreen, its disease of:
- liver
- brain
- spleen
- lung
- liver
99
Whats the role of UV light in reptiles?
- no role
- helps to detect prey
- has role in synthesis of provitamin of vitD in the skin
- has role in synthesis of vitA in the skin
- has role in synthesis of provitamin of vitD in the skin
100
Why does hypovitaminosis of D vit causes ricketts in reptiles?
- theres no role of vit D in development of rikcketts in reptiles
- in D vit defic., theres disturbance of abrorption of proteins, so the bony matrix cant develop
- in D vit defic., the Ca binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of Ca
- in D vit defic., the P binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of P
- in D vit defic., the Ca binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of Ca
101
For what species ophiophagia is characteristic?
- Veiled chameleon
- king snake
- Hermann turtle
- leopard gecko
- king snake
102
For what do chameleos use their tounge?
- grab prey
- suck up water
- lick lectar
- catch scent stimuli
- grab prey
103
What happens to day geckos if they loose their horny claw of palm?
- nothing
- they cant hunt coz the prey slipps from their feet
- they cant swim
- they cant climb p on vertical walls
- they cant climb p on vertical walls
104
What antibiotic is neprotoxic in reptiles?
- no such AB
- gentamycin
- enrofloxacin
- doxyciclin
- gentamycin
105
What causes uricosis in Green iguana?
- overfeeding of green plants
- overfeeding of animal protein
- iron defic.
- vit C defic.
- overfeeding of animal protein
106
Where do we examine if a bird is underconditioned?
- at breast muscles at carina
- palpate abdominal fat
- muscles of the hindlimbs
- it cant be examined coz of the feather cover
- at breast muscles at carina
107
Which species tend to have tounge prolapse?
- hermann tortoise
- Spur-thighed tortoise =Greek
- corn snake
- Veiled chameleon
- Veiled chameleon
108
What is FALSE?
- ceratophagi is physiological in leopard geckos
- ceratophagi is physiological in chameleons
- ceratophagi is physiological in hermanns tortoise
- ceratophagi is physiological in some calotes (eg.bearded dragon) spp
- ceratophagi is physiological in hermanns tortoise
109
When is X-ray NOT relevant in reptiles?
- corneal opacity
- suspect of fractures
- suspect. of ricketts
- suspect of pneumonia
- corneal opacity
110
Symmetric alopecia appears on a 3 years old female guinea pig.
What is your possible diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyreosis
B. Ovarian cysts
C. Zn-deficiency
D. Castratio-responsive alopecia
B. Ovarian cysts
111
A rodent patient has pruritic dermatitis, and the skin scraping is
negative. Which is the best idea to do?
A. B-lactam antibiotics + glucocorticoids
B. Anti-parasitic treatment
C. Washing with anti-fungal shampoo 2-3 times a day
D. Intracutan allergy test
B. Anti-parasitic treatment
112
Which is the most common cause of fur chewing in chinchillas?
A. Bad husbandry, small cage
B. Vitamin and mineral deficiency
C. Disturbing the mother and the litter
D. Low fiber diet
D. Low fiber diet
113
Which species does not have marking glands?
A. Syrian golden hamster
B. Roborowsky dwarf hamster
C. Mongolian gerbil
D. Degu
D. Degu
114
What is the etiology of malocclusion in rodents?
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Iatrogenous harm
C. Malnutrition
D. All three is possible
D. All three is possible
115
What is typical of mucoid enteritis?
A. Disease of old rabbits caused by E. coli?
B. Yeast owergrowth in the intestines of weaning rabbits
C. Mucous-like faeces in chinchillas caused by Clostridium spp.
D. Disease of young rabbits with an unknown origin, with pH changes in the caecum?
D. Disease of young rabbits with an unknown origin, with pH changes in the caecum?
116
What is the antibiotic that can be used orally in rodents?
A. Sulfometoxazol
B. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
C. Clindamycin
D. None of them
A. Sulfometoxazol
117
What is not the etiology of CRD in rats?
A. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection
B. Latent virus infections
C. High ammonia level in the air
D. Traumatic injury
D. Traumatic injury
118
What is typical of hypercalcuria in rabbits?
A. Physiological under 2 months
B. Needs surgical treatment
C. The urinary bladder is full of crystal-sludge
D. Can be treated by lowering the pH of the urine
C. The urinary bladder is full of crystal-sludge
119
Which is true for ovarian cysts in guinea pigs?
A. You need an US-examination for the diagnosis
B. It can be palpated during routine physical examination
C. You need to prove your diagnosis by needle aspiration
D. You need to prove your diagnosis by measuring progesterone levels
B. It can be palpated during routine physical examination
120
which is true regarding guinea pigs
A. It is recommended to breed them in an intensive-way
B. High calcium levels in the diet
C. Males must be kept separately after parturition
D. Males are also taking care of the youths
C. Males must be kept separately after parturition
121
Which is true for pregnancy toxicosis in rodents?
A. Low calcium diet plays a big role in the etiology
B. It is not possible to prevent the disease
C. IV. glucose, and hepato-protectans are effective treatments
D. Usually poor prognosis in spite of the treatment
D. Usually poor prognosis in spite of the treatment
122
You diagnose a swelling of the mammary gland on a 2 years old rat.
What to do next?
A. Give Enrofloxacin, because bacterial mastitis is common
B. Cytology, surgical removal, based on cytology results
C. Glucocorticoid treatment
D. Observing the size, control examination once a year
B. Cytology, surgical removal, based on cytology results
123
How can a rabbit get infected with Encephalitozoonosis?
A. The infectious form spreads with the urine
B. It is an arthropod-born disease
C. The infectious form spreads with the faeces
D. Only by eating the meat of an infected individual
A. The infectious form spreads with the urine
124
When was the ferret domesticated?
A. More than 2000 years ago
B. Approximately 1000 years ago
C. Approximately 500 years ago
D. Approximately 100 years ago
A. More than 2000 years ago
125
When can you neuter a female ferret?
A. Only if she is older than 9 months
B. Only after the first oestrus
C. Only during the first oestrus
D. At any time, when she is full-grown
B. Only after the first oestrus
126
What is overproduced in Ferret Adrenal Gland Disease Complex?
A. Sexual steroid
B. Mineralocorticoid
C. Glucocorticoid
D. Adrenalin
A. Sexual steroid
127
Which is false about the GnRH analogues used for treatment of
Ferret Adrenal Gland Disease Complex?
A. In small dose they stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH
B. In high dose they reduce the amount of the GnRH receptors
C. When injected or implanted, they reduce the secretion of the LH and FSH
D. They directly affect the melatonin secretion
D. They directly affect the melatonin secretion
128
What drug is used for medical treatment of insulinoma?
A. Diazoxid
B. Deslorelin
C. Dehidropiandrosteron
D. Suprelorin
A. Diazoxid
129
Which is false about the ferret’s gastrointestinal tract?
A. Cannot use carbohydrates efficiently
B. Cannot digest fiber
C. Minimal gut flora
D. Meat only food is the best for ferrets
D. Meat only food is the best for ferrets
130
A 9 moths old, non-neutered female ferret has alopecia, but her skin
is intact. Which causes is the most likely?
A. Insulinoma
B. Ovarian-remnant syndrome
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
D. Prolonged oestrous
D. Prolonged oestrous
131
A spayed female ferret has vulvar swelling, alopecia (intact skin)
four years after the neutering. Which cause is the most likely?
A. Insulinoma
B. Ovarian-remnant syndrome
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
D. Prolonged oestrous
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
132
Prolonged oestrus in ferrets…
A. …will disappear when the heat ends
B. …will lead to parthenogenesis
C. …can cause the death of the animal, because of the suppression of the bone-marrow function
D. …can cause the death of the animal, because it induces adrenal gland tumour
C. …can cause the death of the animal, because of the suppression of the bone-marrow function
133
Which is true for the ovary of birds?
A. Only exists on the left side
B. Only exists on the right side
C. Both sides are the same
D. Ovulation only to the left oviduct from both ovaries
a. Only exists on the left side
134
Which is false for the nutrition of parrots?
A. Based on sunflower-seeds causes nutritional imbalances
B. Pulses and tropical fruits can be added to the food
C. The nutrition based on commercial pellets can cause addiction and nutritional imbalances
D. Feeding seeds with high fat content can cause hepatic disease
C. The nutrition based on commercial pellets can cause addiction and nutritional imbalances
135
Which one you must not miss, while examining a bird?
A. Body temperature
B. Palpation of the pulse
C. Breathing rate
D. Observing the uropygeal gland
C. Breathing rate
136
Which is true for polyuria in birds?
A. Excreting much yellowish urine allows easy diagnosis
B. It is easy to differentiate from diarrhoea, because birds do not excrete urine
C. It can only be differentiated from diarrhoea with lab work
D. It is difficult to differentiate from diarrhoea, because birds do not excrete
A. Excreting much yellowish urine allows easy diagnosis
137
Spaying of the legs appears in a juvenile African grey parrot. What to
do next?
A. Careful neurologic examination, vaccination of all birds against Marek-disease
B. Measuring uric-acid level, ultrasonography of the kidneys
C. X-ray to exclude rachitis (old word for rickets)
D. Biotin supplementation
C. X-ray to exclude rachitis
138
You take a swab-sample from the crop for Trichomonas examination.
What do you do with the sample?
A. Put it in transport medium and put it in the fridge
B. Put it in transport medium, and keep it on room temperature
C. Make a smear sample and fixate it
D. Examine a native smear directly
D. Examine a native smear directly
139
What is/are the best sites of venepuncture in birds?
A. Vena caudalis tibialis and vena cephalica
B. Sinus venous occipitalis
C. Vena jugularis and vena cutanea ulnaris
D. Vena medialis metatarsalis
C. Vena jugularis and vena cutanea ulnaris
140
How is the erythrocyte morphology in birds?
A. Oval cells, dark nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
B. Round cells, without nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
C. Square cells, oval nucleus, and small amount of homologous cytoplasm
D. Huge, amoeboid cells, small amount of homologous cytoplasm
A. Oval cells, dark nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
141
What is typical for creatinine in birds?
A. It has no clinical significance
B. It is sensitive to kidney damage
C. After kidney damage it elevates earlier than urea
D. Even if it has no clinical significance, you should measure it in
every case
B. It is sensitive to kidney damage
142
What is/are the cause(s) if the feather plucking syndrome?
A. Boredom only
B. Boredom and Ectoparasites only
C. Only psychiatric causes
D. Lots of infectious and non-infectious causes
D. Lots of infectious and non-infectious causes
143
The main symptom of liver damage in birds are…
A. Greenish urates, ascites and abnormal beak/nails
B. Abdominal pain and pruritus
C. Regurgitation and CNS signs
D. Fever and increased appetite
A. Greenish urates, ascites and abnormal beak/nails
144
What are hepatoprotectants in birds?
A. Ursodeoxycholic acid, lactulose, metronidazole
B. Ursodeoxycholic acid, famotidine, sucralfate
C. Ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, silymarin, vitamin E
D. Ursodeoxycholic acid, ciproheptadin, chloramphenicol
C. Ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, silymarin, vitamin E
145
The course of treatment of kidney disease is…
A. Fluid therapy, ciproheptadin, melatonin
B. Fluid therapy, silimarin, metrondiasole
C. Fluid therapy, ketofen, gentamycin
D. Fluid therapy, allopurinol, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A
D. Fluid therapy, allopurinol, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A
146
Etiology of avian tuberculosis…
A. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
B. Mycobacterium avium
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Mycobacterium bovis
B. Mycobacterium avium
147
Possible treatment of megabacteriosis?
A. Amphotericin b
B. Metronidazole
C. Fenbendazole
D. Enrofloxacin
A. Amphotericin b
148
What is the etiology of Macaw wasting disease (PDD)?
A. Intestinal hypomotility
B. Degeneration of the ganglions in the wall of the proventriculus
C. Less activity of the pancreatic enzymes
D. Fungal infection of the gastrointestinal tract
B. Degeneration of the ganglions in the wall of the proventriculus
149
Which is false?
A. Snakes are shedding periodically
B. Lizard are shedding periodically
C. Ceratophagia is physiological in lizards
D. There is no shedding in turtles
D. There is no shedding in turtles
150
The nutrition of tortoises is based on…
A. Lettuce and tomatoes
B. Plants and flowers collected in the garden
C. Banana
D. Fruits
B. Plants and flowers collected in the garden
151
Which is false for the hibernation of Hermann’s tortoise?
A. It needs water during hibernation
B. The ideal temperature is 4-8 degrees celsius
C. It is only recommended for breeders
D. High fibre diet is optimal before hibernation
C. It is only recommended for breeders
152
Where to give great amount of fluid to a turtle?
A. Intracoelomial
B. Vena jugularis, through IV catheter
C. Subcutaneously to the hind legs
D. Subcutaneously to the front legs
A. Intracoelomial
153
Which is not connected with the etiology of nutritive
osteodystrophia?
A. Low calcium diet
B. Vitamin D deficiency
C. High potassium diet
D. High phosphorus diet
C. High potassium diet
154
Which is important in the pathogenesis of vitamin A deficiency?
A. Enterocyte proliferation
B. Metaplasia in the surface of the mucous membranes
C. Pathological fat infiltration in the liver
D. Necrosis in the renal tubuli
B. Metaplasia in the surface of the mucous membranes
155
How to treat otitis media in turtles?
A. No treatment, it disappears spontaneously sooner or later
B. Surgical debridement, antibiotics
C. Eardrops
D. Systemic antibiotic treatment based on sensitivity
B. Surgical debridement, antibiotics
156
Follicular stasis in a green iguana can be treated with…
A. Synthetic progestagens
B. Surgery
C. Optimal husbandry
D. Calcium + oxytocine injection
B. Surgery
157
Which characteristic of reptiles can affect negatively the success of
a surgical procedure?
A. Great resistance against hypoxia
B. Low blood pressure
C. Small total blood volume
D. Great resistance against infections
C. Small total blood volume
158
What can you see in a turtle patient with wet shell rot?
A. Reddish-brownish drawing like areas on the plastron
B. Blue colour on the plastron
C. Green and purple drawing on the plastron
D. Nothing, it is symptomless
A. Reddish-brownish drawing like areas on the plastron
159
What is the etiology of hypertrophic gastritis in snakes?
A. Iridovirus infection
B. Cryptosporidium serpentis
C. Rhabdias sp. infection
D. Unknown
B. Cryptosporidium serpentis
160
Symptoms of the RNS disease are…
A. Upper respiratory infection with nasal discharge
B. Diarrhoea, inflammation in the cloaca
C. Arthritis, limb weakness
A. Upper respiratory infection with nasal discharge
161
Which can cause pneumonia vermiosa?
A. Rhabdias sp.
B. Kalicephalus sp.
C. Oxyuris sp.
A. Rhabdias sp.
162
What is a possible treatment of septicaemia in turtles?
A. Vitamin C
B. Ivermectin
C. Enrofloxacin
C. Enrofloxacin
163
Why should we protect the integrity of the plumage of an injured
bird?
A. Because of animal welfare reasons
B. This is the only way if we want a successful release to the wild
C. If the plumage is damaged abnormal behaviour starts (auto mutilation, feather pecking
C. If the plumage is damaged abnormal behaviour starts (auto mutilation, feather pecking
164
Which is false? When the neurological examination of the bird takes
place…
A. The loss of pain perception means a fair prognosis
B. The judgement of the pain perception must be the last act
C. The loss of pain perception means a very weak prognosis
A. The loss of pain perception means a fair prognosis
165
the treatment of lead intoxication can be carried out with…
A. Ca-EDTA, D-penicillamin
B. Ca-EDTA, atropine
C. D-penicillamin, atropine
A. Ca-EDTA, D-penicillamin
166
Which statement is true? Atropin can be given “routinely” for
intoxicated birds, if…
A. Lead intoxication is suspected
B. Copper intoxication is suspected
C. Organic phosphate intoxication is suspected
C. Organic phosphate intoxication is suspected
167
Which method would you choose in a zoo for interventions with
serious pain?
A. Neuroleptanalgesia
B. Standing sedation
C. Physical restraint
A. Neuroleptanalgesia
168
Which statement is true about primates?
A. Keeping of them must be avoided, because of zoonosis
B. Because of the risk of zoonosis, personal safety must get a high priority
C. Because of the risk of zoonosis, certain species can be treated only in
protection masks and spectacles
B. Because of the risk of zoonosis, personal safety must get a high priority
169
Which birds can be infected by Histomonas, and what is the vector?
Galliform birds, heterakis gallinae worms
170
What are the clinical signs of histomonosis?
Black head, and yellowish foamy diarrhoea
171
What is the therapy of histomonosis?
Klion (metronidazol)
172
Which birds can suffer from lymphoma?
Canaries and parrots
173
What is the causative agent of lymphoma?
Retroviridae virus
174
What non-infectious agents can cause serous nasal discharge in
birds?
Pollen, dust, smoke, and fungal spores
175
What infectious agents can cause serous nasal discharge in birds?
Viruses: Paramyxovirus
Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila
176
What is the cause of purulent nasal discharge in birds?
Secondary bacterial infections
177
Which species causes mycoplasmosis of exotic pheasants?
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
178
Is Mycoplasma species resistant or sensitive?
Sensitive (virulence for maximum 1-2 days)
179
How can you treat mycoplasmosis in birds?
Nutritional: Vitamins, proteins and probiotics
Antibiotics: Enrofloxacin
180
What is the causative of Amazon tracheitis?
Parrot herpersvirus 2 and 3 (chicken are also sensitive)
181
What are the clinical symptoms of Amazon tracheitis?
Lethargy
loss of appetite
dyspnoea
nasal discharge,
conjunctivitis in peracute cases
182
How can you treat Amazon tracheitis in birds?
Change the place of the cage
treat secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics and vitamins, and inhalation therapy
183
What are the causative and clinical symptoms of paramyxovirus infection in canaries?
Conjunctivitis
specific noises at respiration
sneezing
shaking the head
184
Which part of the respiratory tract of birds is common for poxvirus, mycobacterium avium and trichomonas, and what is the treatment?
Part: Trachea
Treatment: Clean the house/cage of the bird and give Ivermectin
185
What is the causative agent of syngamus infection of pheasants, and
what is the intermediate host?
Causative agent: Syngamus tracheae
Intermediate host: earth worms
186
What is the diagnosis and therapy of Syngamus infection in pheasants?
Diagnosis: Fecal examination and larval examination
Therapy: Mebendazol or Fenbendazol
187
Which bacteria are likely to cause changes in the bird lung?
Tuberculosis, E.coli
188
Which stains are good for differential diagnosis of bacterial infections in the bird lung?
Grocott, HE, PAS and ZN
189
What are the causatives of serous, purulent and chronic fibrinous airsacculitis in birds?
Serous: Virus, Mycoplasma
Purulent: Bacteria
Chronic fibrinous: Bacteria, Fungi
190
What is the causative of infectious diseases of the pericardial sac in birds?
Microfilaria
191
Which pathogens can cause bleeding in the pericardium?
Bacteria: Paterurella multocida, E. rhusiopathiae, E.coli
Viral: Bird flu and other
192
Which bird is very sensitive to Nephritis virus?
Tragopans
193
What is the causative of kidney coccidiosis in young geese?
Eimeria truncata
194
Which bacteria can cause inflammation of the testis in birds?
Salmonella species: Necrotic inflammation
Mycobacteria: Tubercles in the testis
195
Which birds are more likley to suffer from infectious diseases in the
copulatory organs?
Ducks and geese due to bad keeping tehniques
196
88. Do chelonians have a diaphragm?
No
197
What does the term poikilotherm mean?
Cold blooded
198
Why does it not make any sense to take the temperature of a reptile?
Because their temperature is equal to the external temperature
199
What is the optimal enviromental temperature for reptiles?
22-27°C
200
How many phases of shedding can be differentiated in snakes?
5
201
What is a common cause of shedding problems?
Keeping
202
Is bigger always better when it comes to the size of the terrarium?
No
203
95. How many hours of light is necessary each day?
8-10
204
96. In case of tropical species of reptiles, how high humidity do they
need?
70-90%
205
What kind of terrarium type do you have concerning habitat?
Rain forest, Savannah, Mediterranean, Desert
206
What kind of terrarium type do you have concerning way of living?
Higher style, Flat style, Aqua-terrarium
207
Which reptiles are considered herbivourous?
Testudinidae, Green iguana
208
Which reptiles are considered carnivorous?
Snake, Sweet water turtle and Monitors
209
Which reptiles are considered omnivorous?
Some Geckos, Agamas
210
What are the positions for x-rays in a soft shelled turtle?
DV, LL, Cranio-caudal
211
Which sites can be used for blood sampling in a chelonian?
Sub-carpaxial sinus
dorsal coccygeal vein
vena jugularis
peripheral veins
heart
212
Which sites can be used for blood sampling in lizards?
Ventral coccygeal vein
heart
abdominal veins
213
105. Which sites can be used for blood sampling in snakes?
Ventral coccygeal vein
heart
vena palatina
214
What can be the consequence of too high humiditiy?
Dermatitis
215
What can be the consequence of too low humidity?
Shedding problems
216
Poxvirus dermatitis is common in which species?
Kaiman, Green iguana and Sceloporus spp
217
What are the clinical signs of poxvirus dermatitis?
Small brownish papules, localisation
218
What are the most common tick infection of reptiles?
Ophinonyssus natricis
219
What are the clinical signs of Ophinonysussus natricis infection?
Anaemia, sheeding problems
220
What is the correct therapy if suspecting Ophinonyssus natricis infections?
Ivermectin, Frontline
221
Shell diseases is most common in which type of chelonian?
Aqua chelonian (more common than tortoises)
222
In what reptiles do you most commonly find stomatitis?
Snakes and larger lizards, venomous snakes especially
223
How does stomatisis looks like?
Yellowish fibrin layer, under the fibrin you find bleeding mucosa
224
Treatment of stomatitis?
Change the keeping enviroment and remove fibrin layer, and Enrofloxacin 4 mg/kg for 4-5 days + vitamin C injection every day
225
When does stomatitis commonly in terrestrial tortoises?
After hibernation and shipping
226
Which animals are commonly affected by hypertrophic gastritis?
Snakes, Geckos
227
What is the pathogen, which causes hypertorphic gastritis in
reptiles?
Cryptosporidium serpentis
228
What are the clincal signs of hypertrophic gastritis in snakes?
Weight loss, good appetite but vomiting and water-like smelly diarrhoea
229
What are the clinical signs of hypertrophic gastritis in geckos?
Weight loss and refusal to eat
230
Treatment for hypertrophic gastritis?
Spiramycin, 160 mg/kg for 7 days, repeat 2 weeks later
231
How to prevent hypertrophic gastritis?
Change in hygiene
232
What are the causative agents for acute mucoid enterocolities?
Parvo and Adenovirus, Proteus and Shigella
233
What are the causative agents for necrotic enterocolities?
Entamoeba invadens, Trichomonas and Hexamita spp
234
What is the pathogen causing ulcerative enteritis?
Kalicephalus species
235
Which species are highly susecptible to enteritis caused by
Entamoeba?
Herbivorous reptiles, carnivorous species
236
What are the clinical signs of entamoeba enteritis?
Loss of appetite, diarrhoea and lethargy
237
What are the different forms of viral pneumonia?
Acute respiratory: Wide breaths with open mouth and sneezing
Chronic respiratory: Pneumonia
CNS form: Incoordination
Asymptomatic form: Virus carrier
238
What pathological lesion do you find in viral pneumonia?
Catharrhal or purulent pneumonia
239
What is the treatment for viral pneumonia?
Antibiotics together with vitamin C
240
Fungal pneumonia: susceptible species and predisposing factors?
All reptiles species are affected, and high humiditiy helps fungi overgrowth
241
Which snake species are sensitive to parasitic pneumonia?
All snakes are sensitive
242
What is the causative agent of pneumonia verminosa?
Rhabdias species
243
Routes of infecion of pneumonia verminosa?
Contaminated feed, per cutaneous
244
Therapy in case of parasitic pneumonia of snakes?
Ivermectin injection
245
How to perform a blood examination?
Collect blood, serology examination, blood smear, stain with Giemsa
246
Which reptile species are susceptible to nephritis?
All species are susceptible
247
Most common causative agent for nephritis?
Bacteria
248
Type of nephritis found in reptiles?
Purulent nephrtis
249
What is the treatment for egg myasis?
Infertile egg should be taken out from the hatchery, the healthy egg should be transferred into clean hatching medium, and the hatchery must be cleaned and all edges should be cleaned well
250
In which species is it common to see post-hibernation anorexia?
Snakes and turtles
251
Diseases which are related to hibernation, includes?
Mechanical damage
Post-hibernation anorexia
Post-hibernation icterus
Septicaemia
252
Which is a very good antibiotic to use with wide spectrum and less resistance?
Enrofloxacin
253
For how long should you keep treating reptiles with Amphotericin B?
2 weeks
254
How often should you use Grisofulvin?
Every 3rd day
255
Which disease is nystatin highly effective against?
Enteral mycotic infections
256
Which fungi is Amphotericin B highly effective against?
Aspergillus
257
What disease do you use metroindazole for in reptiles?
Entamoeba and ciliated infections
258
Which species should never get Ivermectin?
Turtles
259
The color of reptile skin depends on several factors, which factors?
Genetic
condition
season
age
reproduction status
260
Darker skin color may be due to what?
Stress, illness, physiological accomodation
261
in which animas is it physiological to have tattered sheeding?
Lizards, boa snakes
262
In which species is it pathological to have tattered sheeding?
Colubrid snakes
263
What are the symptoms of scale rot?
Brownish scales and abcesses
264
What are common neoplasms in reptiles?
Papillomatosis, carcinoma, melanoma
265
What are the clinical signs of vtiamin A hypovitaminosis?
Eyelids are swollen, hyper –and parakeratosis
266
What is a non-infectious cause of stomatitis?
Uric acid excretion
267
In what cases is liver lipidosis physiological in reptiles?
Under gravidity, after hibernation and before first shedding
268
Under which circumstances is it physiological for reptiles to refuse feed?
Hibernation, gravidity, breeding season and before shedding
269
What are the reasons for post hibernation anorexia in reptiles?
Dehydration
270
What is the therapy for post hibernation anorexia?
Rehydration by swimming in low lukewarm water
271
Common tumors in lung of toroises?
Fibroma and Fibrosarcoma
272
Common tumors in lungs of snakes?
Adenocarcinoma
273
What are the predisposing factors for pregnancy toxaemia?
Young female, big littler, no resting time and malnutrition
274
What is the treatment if you have suspected pregnancy toxaemia?
Warm fluid, energy support and shock therapy
275
What are the most common pathogens causing mastitis?
Pasteurella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species and bordetella bronchiseptica
276
Therapy in case of suspected mastitis?
Antibiotic
NSAID
fluid therapy
hot packs
277
What is the most common mammary tumors?
Adenocarcinoma
278
Clinical findings in case of mammary tumor?
In-homogenous palpation, not swollen and not painful
279
What is the treatment of mammary gland tumor?
Mammectomy of OHE
280
In which animal is paraphimosis common?
Chincillas
281
Encephalotozoonosis is found in what species, and caused by what pathogen?
Found in rabbits, and caused by E. cuniculi
282
Where are the spores of encephalitozoon expelled/excreated?
Urine
283
What is the infection route of encephalitozoon?
Per os or aerogenous
284
What are the symptoms in a rabbit with encephalitozoon infeciton?
Head tilt, behavioral changes, nystagmus, seizures, interstitial nephritis and renal failure, PD/PU
285
182. Treament of Encephalitozoon infections?
Fenbendazole 20mg/kg PO SID 30 day
286
Is Encephalitozoon infections zoonotic?
Yes
287
Lymphocytic choriomenigits, affects which species?
All rodents, especially mouse and hamsters
288
What is the pathogen causing LCM?
Arenavirus
289
What are the clincal signs of trauma or stroke in rodents/rabbits?
Head tilt and CNS symptoms
290
What are the symptoms of heat stroke in rabbit and rodents?
Bad general status, seizures, dyspnoea and warm body
291
Treatment when suspecting heat stroke?
Cooling of the body, shock treatment, diuretics and oxygen
292
Diabetis mellitus affects which species in particular?
Degus
293
Lymphoma is common in which species?
Commonly in guinea pigs and rabbits
294
To which family does the ferret belong too?
Mustellidae
295
197. Which three ferret species do we have?
M. putenus, M. eversmannt and M. nigripes
296
What is the body weight of a ferret?
1,5-2 kg in males, 0,6-1 kg in females
297
How long does the ferrets approximately live?
7-9 years
298
When is a ferret mature?
6-12 months
299
How long is the gestaing period of ferrets, and when are they weaned?
41-43 days of gestation, weaned after 6-8 weeks
300
What is the normal body temperature of the ferrets?
38-39,5 °C
301
What can you say about the digestive tract of ferrets?
Big dilating stomach, very short gastrointestinal tract, carnivorous, lots of prey and
gastrointestinal parasitism is rare
302
How can the diet help prevent or treat hypocalcuria?
More vegetables, grass/hay and fresh water, less seeds and timothy based pellets
303
Chronic renal failure is common at what age?
Old age
304
Ovarian cysts are common in which species, and at what age?
Guinea pigs after 1,5 year
305
How do you diagnose ovarian cysts?
Palpation, found behind the kidneys (round shape) and US
306
What is the treatment in case of ovarian cyst?
Ovarian hysterectomy
307
In which animals is endometritis and uterine tumors common?
Rabbits
308
Pyometra in rabbits is caused by which pathogens?
Pasturella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus
309
How do you prevent adenocarcinoma in rabbits?
Spaying (under 2 years of age)
310
Dystochia is common in which species?
Guinea pigs
311
What is the cause of dystochia in guinea pigs?
Large foetuses, permanent fuse of the symphyisis and abnormal position of the foetus
312
What is the treatment of dystochia?
Calcium and oxytocin, C-section, OHE and manual removal of foetus
313
How do you prevent dystochia in guinea pigs?
Should not breed until minimum 6 months of age, separate males and females at 3-4 weeks of age
314
How long is the resting time in guinea pigs?
Minimum 1 month
315
Pregnancy toxaemia is especially important in which species?
Guinea pig, chinchillas and rabbits
316
What is the time period you should expect pregnancy toxaemia?
2 weeks of pregnancy and 1 week after delivery
317
Which species are prone to vitamin B1 hypovitaminosis?
Water snakes species
318
What are the clinical symptoms of vitamin B1 hypovitaminosis?
Moving disorder
319
What are the parts of the carpax?
Nuchale, Neuralia, Costalia, Marginalia
320
What are the parts of the pasltrom???
Gularia, Humeralia, Pectoralia, Abdominalia, Femoralia, Analia
321
What type of blood sampling tubes should be used to take blood
sample in reptiles?
Li-heparin
322
What may be the reason for tattered shedding?
Low humidity
high temperature
absence of rubbing material
absence of water
Ophionyssus natricis
323
What are the clinical signs of tattered sheeding?
Old skin remains, nervousness and feed refusal
324
What is the appropriate therapy for tattered shedding?
Swimming water
325
What may be the cause of failed shedding?
Too low or too high temperature
326
What may be the cause of shortened shedding cycle?
Damage of skin, after surgery or bite, too high thyroxin levels and high temperature
327
Which species are referred to as large agamas?
Iguana iguana (green iguana), barbed dragons and water agamas
328
What may be the cause of rostral skin damage in large agamas?
Too small terrarium, too many adult males and bad environment
329
What is the correct therapy for this disease?
Change of keeping and antibiotics
330
What may be the cause if you see scarring of the skin?
Prey bite, fighting and fixing bite during copulation
331
What may be the reason for generalized oedema in reptiles?
Heart or kidney failure
332
What is another name for ventral dermal necrosis?
Scale rot
333
How to prevent egg myiasis?
Clean hatchery
334
What are the guinea pig mites?
Glincola porcelli
Glyropus ovalis
Chirodiscoides caniae
Trixocarus caniae
335
When was the ferret domesticated?
2000 years ago
336
What is protected contact?
Contact through a secure barrier
337
What can be conservative medicine?
Hyperol, betadine, anti-septic creams, bandages and NSAIDs
338
How long is the pregnancy if ferrets?
41-43 days
339
Puberty in ferrets occurs around?
6-12 months
340
Treatment of Scabies in rabbits?
Ivermectin
341
Treament time for salmonella in birds?
14-21 days
342
Antibiotics which shouldn't be given for rodents?
Penicollin, Amoxycillin
343
What is the most precise diagnostic testing for kidney disease in
birds?
Endoscopic exam and biopsy
344
Non-infectious causes of liver diease?
Vitamin deficiency, starving, toxicosis and tumor
345
Which species are easy to intubate?
Swan (birds)
346
Which of the following species belongs to medium sized parrots?
Nanday
347
Which of the following species has a true winter sleep?
Hedgehog
348
At what temperature cannot hedgehogs be kept in captivity?
)
8-16 ºC (will be lethargic
349
How many times a day do you feed hedgehogs in captivity?
Once a day (evening)
350
What is true for hand reared birds?
Bond to people
