PQs

Question 1

What is the normal eye pressure?

Answer 1

15-25 Hgmm

Question 2

Schrimer time in a normal dog test

Answer 2

1 minute

Normal for cats: <14mm
Normal for cow, horse: <15mm

Question 3

Which species has multi-line eyelash?

Answer 3

Dog

Question 4

Which is the most important examining technique?

a. Fluorescein staining
b. Ophthalmoscope etc
c. All is equally important

Answer 4

c. All is equally important

Question 5

In which species is glaucoma a frequent hereditary disease?

Answer 5

Dog

Question 6

What does symblepharon mean?

Answer 6

Adhesions of conjunctiva on itself or on the cornea

Typically found in young cats with viral conjunctivitis (FHV)

Question 7

In which species is cataract inheritable?

Answer 7

In dogs, most commonly inherited, or the result of DM

In horse and cat: cataracts develops most often due to uveitis

Question 8

What does NOT have a role in the amount of aqueous humour?

Answer 8

Light reflection of the tapetum and non-tapetal fundus

Question 9

What can be a reason for lens surgery?

Answer 9

Anterior lens luxation

Cataract

Question 10

Cobalt blue light?

Answer 10

Cobalt blue light provides a suitable means of exciting sodium fluorescence (orange dye) for examination of ocular surface integrity

Question 11

What do you NOT do before taking sample for bacteriology?

Answer 11

You never do local anaesthesia

Question 12

How can cataracts be treated?

Answer 12

Only with surgery

Question 13

When can you see a “crescent moon”?

Answer 13

At lens subluxation

Question 14

What are the symptoms of Horner’s disease?

Answer 14

Horners = Sympathetic denervation of the eye

Third eyelid prolapse
Myosis
Enopthalmus
Narrowing of the palpebral fissure 
Peripheral vasodilation may occur, causing increased facial warmth, best observed in the ipsilateral ear

Question 15

What grows together when there is posterior synechia?

Answer 15

The iris adheres to the lens

Anterior: when iris adheres to cornea

Question 16

What are the consequences of chronic inflammation in horse?

Answer 16

Chronic uveitis:
Corneal endothelial degeneration / dystrophy
• Corneal vascularisation / dystrophy
Lens luxation, subluxation
• Vitreal opacities (hyalitis)
• Focal chorioretinitis, retinal detachment

Question 17

Definition of glaucoma

Answer 17

Disturbance in the drainage of the aqueous, which can elevate the IOP

Question 18

How do you examine the retina in the most precise way?

Answer 18

By monocular indirect ophthalmoscope –> Greater field of view

Direct ophthalmoscopes are not as handy, because the magnification increases, thus the field of view decreases

Question 19

Do pigs have a light-reflecting layer / tapetum?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

How is the descemetocele stained by fluorescence?

Answer 20

Fluorescence adheres only to the walls of the ulcer, the central floor (Descemet membrane) of the ulcer appears black

Question 21

What is phacoemulsification?

Answer 21

Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery in which the eye’s internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpick and aspiration from the eye

Question 22

What are the components of the uvea?

Answer 22

Iris
Corpus ciliare
Choroid

Question 23

What are Purkinje’s images?

Answer 23

Purkinje’s images are formed on the anterior and posterior lens capsule and are bright, clear, and regular. There is no opacity of the lens

Presence = Opacity of the lens

Question 24

What are the connections of the retina?

Answer 24

At 2 sites:

Behind the ciliary body-pars plana

Near the optic nerve head

Question 25

What do ciliary bodies do?

Answer 25

Produce aqueous fluid

Pars plicata:
Ciliary body produce aqueous humour

Ciliary body:
Pars plicata and pars plana (joint the retina)

Question 26

What is the normal pressure in the anterior chamber?

Answer 26

15-25 Hgmm

Signs of acute glaucoma: IOP >25Hgmm