Practical 1

Question 1

Superficial Pectoral- (descending and transverse pectoral)

Answer 1

Origin: sternum
Termination: crest of greater tubercle and cranial humeral border
Action: adduct the thoracic limb

Question 2

Deep (ascending) pectoral

Answer 2

Origin: sternum.
Termination: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus.
Action: adduct thoracic limb and pull it caudally.

Question 3

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 3

Origin: clavicular intersection.
Termination:
cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus
cleidocephalicus:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
cervical part: dorsal midline of neck
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

Question 4

Omotransversarius

Answer 4

Origin: wing of the atlas
Termination: distal spine of the scapula
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally

Question 5

Trapezius

Answer 5

Origin:
cervical part:  dorsal neck
thoracic part:  dorsal thorax
Termination:  spine of the scapula
Action:  elevate the thoracic limb

Question 6

Rhomboideus

Answer 6

Origin:
rhomboideus thoracis:  dorsal thorax
rhomboideus cervicis:  dorsal neck
rhomboideus capitis:  occipital bone
Termination:  dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage
Action:  elevate the thoracic limb

Question 7

Serratus ventralis

Answer 7

Origin:
serratus ventralis cervicis: cervical vertebrae
serratus ventralis thoracis: thoracic wall (ribs)
Termination: serrated face of scapula
Action: support and/or elevate the trunk

Question 8

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 8

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Termination: teres major tuberosity
Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally, flex or extend the humeral joint

Question 9

Sternocephalicus

Answer 9

Origin: sternum
Termination:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
occipital part: occipital bone
Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally

Question 10

Sternohyoideus

Answer 10

Origin: sternum
Termination: basihyoid bone
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

Question 11

Sternothyroideus

Answer 11

Origin: cranial aspect of sternum or ribcage
Termination: thyroid cartilage
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally

Question 12

Deltoideus

Answer 12

Origin: spine of scapula and acromion
Termination: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

Question 13

Supraspinatus

Answer 13

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the humeral joint

Question 14

Infraspinatus

Answer 14

Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint; abduct the limb at the humeral joint

Question 15

Teres minor

Answer 15

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres minor tuberosity of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

Question 16

Subscapularis

Answer 16

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Termination: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: adduct limb at humeral joint

Question 17

Teres major

Answer 17

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint

Question 18

Coracobrachialis

Answer 18

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Termination: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: adduct limb at shoulder

Question 19

Biceps brachii

Answer 19

Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Termination: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint

Question 20

Brachialis

Answer 20

Origin: brachial groove of humerus
Termination: proximal radius and/or ulna
Action: flex the cubital joint

Question 21

Triceps brachii

Answer 21

Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); proximal humerus (other heads)
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (all heads); flex the humeral joint (long head)

Question 22

Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Answer 22

Origin: latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (and tense the deep antebrachial fascia)

Question 23

Anconeus

Answer 23

Origin: caudal aspect of the distal humerus
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint

Question 24

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 24

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (and its crest)
Termination: dorsal base of second and third metacarpal bones
Action: extend the carpal joints and flex the cubital joint

Question 25

Common digital extensor

Answer 25

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Termination: extensor processes of the distal phalanges Action: extend the carpal and digital joints

Question 26

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 26

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Termination: distal phalanges (also the proximal and/or middle phalanges) of lateral digit(s) Action: extend the carpal joints and the digital joints of the lateral most digits

Question 27

Ulnaris lateralis

Answer 27

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Termination: accessory carpal bone and lateral base of fifth metacarpal bone Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus

Question 28

Supinator

Answer 28

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Termination: body of radius Action: supination of the manus

Question 29

Abductor pollicis longus

Answer 29

Origin: proximal antebrachium (ulna) Termination: medial metacarpus Action: abduct the first digit

Question 30

Brachioradialis

Answer 30

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus Termination: fascia near the carpus Action: flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus

Question 31

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 31

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Termination: palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3 Action: flex the carpal joints

Question 32

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 32

Origin: medial epicondyle and olecranon Termination: accessory carpal bone Action: flex the carpal joints

Question 33

Superficial digital flexor

Answer 33

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Termination: middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects) Action: flex the carpal joints, meatacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

Question 34

Deep digital flexor

Answer 34

Origin: humerus (medial epicondyle), radius, ulna. (The radial head may be absent in eq.) Termination: flexor tubercles of distal phalanges Action: flex the carpal and digital joints

Question 35

Pronator teres

Answer 35

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus Termination: medial body of radius Action: weak elbow flexion and weak pronation of the manus

Question 36

Pronator quadratus

Answer 36

Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna Action: pronation of the manus

Question 37

Muscles of the Manus

Answer 37

Interosseous muscles

Question 38

Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb (8)

Answer 38

``` Superficial pectoral Deep (ascending) Brachiocephalicus Omotransversarius Trapezius Rhomboideus Serratus ventralis Latissimus dorsi ```

Question 39

Muscles of Ventral Neck (3)

Answer 39

Sternocephalicus Sternohyoideus Sternothyroideus

Question 40

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Lateral Muscles of the Shoulder) (4

Answer 40

Deltoideus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor

Question 41

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Medial Muscles of the Shoulder) (3

Answer 41

Subscapularis Teres major Coracobrachialis

Question 42

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Cranial Muscles of the Brachium) (2

Answer 42

Biceps brachii | Brachialis

Question 43

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Caudal Muscles of the Brachium) (3

Answer 43

Triceps brachii Tensor fasciae antebrachii Anconeus

Question 44

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles) (7

Answer 44

``` Extensor carpi radialis Common digital extensor Lateral digital extensor Ulnaris lateralis Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Brachioradialis ```

Question 45

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | Caudomedial Antebrachial Muscles) (6

Answer 45

``` Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Superficial digital flexor Deep digital flexor Pronator teres Pronator quadratus ```