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Anatomy and Physiology Practicals > Practical 1 > Flashcards

Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the closure of tricuspid valve

A

by the right 5th rib

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2
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the closure of the aortic valve

A

2nd and 3rd rib

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3
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear mitral valve closing

A

5th rib on left

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4
Q

Is the volume the same between the atria and ventricles why or why nor

A

volume is not the same b/c atria push blood to ventricles and ventricles are bigger

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

A

end systolic position of AV

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6
Q

An increase in P-R is

A

an AV node block

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7
Q

An increase in QRS complex is what

A

bundle branch block

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8
Q

An increase in Q-T interval is

A

out of phase ventricular contraction

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9
Q

what does an increase in venous blood flow cause

A

fast ECG

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10
Q

Einthovens law

A

deflection in 1 lead can be predicted from the deflections of the other 2

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11
Q

Left axis deviation is between

A

-30 to -90 in the frontal direction left ventricle enlargement

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12
Q

Right axis deviation is between

A

90 and 180 right ventricle hypertrophy or damage to right side conducting system

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13
Q

What are the components of blood

A

plasma RBC leukocytes and platelets

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14
Q

what is the pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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15
Q

what is the most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin acts as a buffer

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16
Q

What are in the buffy coat

A

leukocytes and platelets

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17
Q

Lifespan and function of RBCs

A

120 days O2 carriers

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18
Q

Lifespan and function of Neutrophils

A

less than 24 hours, parasites

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19
Q

Lifespan and function of eosinophils

A

less than 24 hours fungal infections

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20
Q

Lifespan and function of basophils

A

less than 24 hours allergies

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21
Q

Lifespan and function of lymphocytes

A

less than 10 days, t cells and b cells

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22
Q

Lifespan and function of monocytes

A

less than 10 days macrophages

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23
Q

Lifespan and function of platelets

A

7-10 days, clotting

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24
Q

What release histamine to promote inflammation at site of injury

A

basophil

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25
What transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
lymphocytes
26
What release antibiotic like proteins to destroy bacterial invaders
neutrophils
27
What transform into tissue macrophages and activate lymphocyte mediated immune responses
monocytes
28
What initiate and immune response in organ rejection
neutrophils
29
what kills tape worms
eosinophils
30
What is the normal range for hematocrit
47 males 42 females
31
What are the percentages of blood
2% WBC, 35% RBC, and 63% plasma
32
What is a pituitary giant
excess growth hormone
33
where are posterior pituitary hormones synthesized
hypothalamus
34
Adrenal cortex makes what
gluccocorticoids
35
Adrenal medulla makes what
epi and norepi
36
What are 3 primary pathogens in lab
HIV hep B hep C
37
Besides blood what are other infectious materials
body fluids, semen, urine, unfixed tissues
38
How can disease be transmitted in the lab
percutaneous injury, mucous membrane contact, direct inoculation
39
What happens to a fish when placed in insulin
enters a coma
40
What happens to a fish placed in glucose
resumes normal activity
41
What affect does Epi have on the heart
increased force of contraction
42
What affect does Ach have on heart
decreases heart rate
43
What are exocrine glands
secrete through ducts or openings to a body surface
44
What does the zona glomerulosa produce
aldosterone, mineral
45
What does the zona fasciculata produce
cortisol, glucco
46
What does the zona reticularis produce
androgens
47
what artery is used to take blood pressure
brachial
48
What are the sounds of Kortkoff
turbulent flow as you release pressure on the artery
49
What causes the dicrotic notch
backflow of blood from the aorta when the ventricle relaxes
50
How do you calculate pulse pressure
top number minus bottom number
51
How do you calculate MAP
bottom number plus 1/3 of pulse pressure
52
What artery is palpated at the wrist
radial
53
What artery is palpated at the neck
carotid
54
what artery is palpated at the front of the ear
superficial temporal
55
Which pressure point has the greatest amplitude and why
carotid closest to heart
56
what happens to blood pressure when a damaged aortic valve can not close properly
increase in pulse pressure decrease in blood pressure because blood is flowing back into the ventricle making the diastolic number lower
57
What makes the lub sound
AV valves closing
58
What makes the dub sound
semilunar valves closing
59
What is the tunica intima made of
simple squamous
60
what is the tunica media made of
smooth muscle
61
What is the tunica externa made of
connective tissue
62
what is the function of precapillary sphincters
open and close capillary beds
63
When are capillary beds open
when the tissue is active
64
What is IgG used for
most common used for bacterial and viral infections
65
What is IgA used for
inn mucous membranes has a joining chain
66
what kind of cells are in the medulla of the lymph node
dendritic cells and reticular cells
67
what cells make up germinal cells
t cells and b cells
68
what cells arrive first at an injury site
phagocytes
69
Why does an infection worsen as altitude decreases
better environment for bacterial growth
70
how are macrophages and t cells different
macrophages eat the cells and signal T cells and B cells T cells mediate the immune response
71
How are antibodies made
b cells become plasma cells that make antibodies
72
How do antibodies work
bind to the pathogen to mark it to be destroyed
73
Why do t cells dock to macrophages
to recognize and display part of a pathogen

Anatomy and Physiology Practicals (1 decks)

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