Practical 1 Flashcards by Keithan S

What are the parts of the vertebral column?

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

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What are the spinal curvatures?

thoracic and sacral (kyphosis)
cervical and lumbar (lordosis)

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What are the parts of a vertebrae?

body, arch, pedicles, laminae, intervertebral foramen, and spinous, transverse and articular processes

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What does the body and arch form?

vertebral foramen

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What does a line of vertebral foramen form?

vertebral column

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What forms the intervertebral discs?

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposes

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Functions of the intervertebral disc?

hold vertebral bodies together
shock absorption
allow small movements that add to allow for greater movement

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What are the vertebral ligaments?

anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligaments flava

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What are the characteristics of cervical vertebra?

small body
large and triangular vertebral foramen

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What are the first two cervical vertebra?

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis

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What are characteristics of thoracic vertebra?

increased body size T1-T12
small, circular foramen
long and strong transverse processes
long spinous processes

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What are characteristics of lumbar vertebra?

large body
long, slender transverse process
short, sturdy spinous process

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What are the superficial muscles of the back?

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids (major and minor)

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What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

external occipital protuberance and spinous processes

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What is the insertion of trapezius muscle?

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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Innervation of trapezius

spinal accessory nerve (CN-XI)

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Trapezius actions

retract scapula and rotate scapula upward

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Latissmus dorsi origin

lower thoracic vertebra spines, lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia

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Latissmus dorsi insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus

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Latissmus dorsi innervation

thoracodorsal nerve

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Latissmus dorsi action

adducts and medially rotate humerus

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Levator scapulae origin

transverse process (C1-C4)

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Levator scapulae insertion

medial border of scapula

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Levator scapula innervation

dorsal scapular nerve

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Levator scapula actions

elevate scapula and rotate scapula downward

Rhomboid major and minor origin

spinous process of upper vertebra

Rhomboids insertion

medial border of scapula

Rhomboids innvervation

dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboids action

retract, elevate and rotate scapula downward

What are the intermediate group of muscles?

serratus posterior inferior and superior

Serratus posterior inferior origin

lower vertebra spinous process

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

ribs 9-12

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Serratus posterior inferior actions

proprioception/respiration

Serratus posterior superior origin

spinous processes

Serratus posterior superior insertion

ribs 2-5

Serratus posterior superior innervation

ventral rami of spinal nerves

Serratus posterior superior action

elevate upper ribs

What are deep muscles of the back?

splenius capitis and cervicis erector spinaes

Splenius capitis and cervicis origin

spinous processes

Splenius capitis and cervicis insertion

mastoid and transverse processes

Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Splenius capitis and cervicis actions

uni: side bend and rotate head and neck to the same side bi: extend head and neck

Erector spinae muscles

iliocostalis, longissmus, and spinalis

Erector spinae origin

iliac crest, sacrum surface

Erector spinae insertion

lower ribs and processes

Erector spinae innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Erector spinae actions

uni: side bend and rotate head and neck to same side bi: extend head and neck

What are the muscles of the transversospinalis group?

semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores

Semispinalis origin

transverse process

Semispinalis insertion

spinous process

Semispinalis innervation

dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Semispinalis actions

side bend spine and head to same side and rotate to opposite side

Multifidis origin

articular processes

Multifidis insertion

spinous processes

Multifidis innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Multifidis action

uni: side bend same side and rotate opposite side bi: extend spine

Rotatores origin

transverse process

Rotatores insertion

spinous process

Rotatores innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Rotatores actions

uni: side bend same side and rotate opposite bi: extend spine

What is the conus medullaris?

most inferior end of spinal cord that is tapered

What is the filum terminale?

filament that anchors spinal cord to coccyx

What is the cauda equina?

sacral nerves bunched together before leaving dural sac

Where are intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall?

lie between two ribs

What are the intercostal muscles?

external, internal, and innermost

External intercostal muscles origin and insertion

down and forward to adjacent ribs, "hands in pockets"

External intercostal muscles innervation

intercostal nerves

External intercostal muscles action

elevate during inspiration

Internal intercostal muscles origin and insertion

attach down and backward, "hands on chest"

Internal intercostal muscles innervation

intercostal nerves

Internal intercostal muscles actions

depress lungs in expiration

Innermost intercostal muscles origin and insertion

down and backwards

Innermost intercostal muscles innervation

internal intercostal nerves

Innermost intercostal muscles action

depress during expiration

Transversus thoracis origin

sternal surface

Transversus thoracis insertion

costal cartilages

Transversus thoracis innervation

intercostal nerves

Transversus thoracis action

depress cartilage during expiration

Levator costarum origin

transverse process of vertebra

Levator costarum insertion

ribs below

Levator costarum innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Levator costarum action

elevate ribs during inspiration

Pectoralis major origin

sternum, clavicle

Pectoralis major insertion

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Pectoralis major innervation

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis major action

adduction and medial rotation of humerus

Pectoralis minor origin

ribs (3-5)

Pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process

Pectoralis minor innervation

medial pectoral nerve

Pectoralis minor action

stabilize and move scapula anteroinferiorly

What is the innervation of the lungs?

vagus nerve (CN X) and sumpathetic trunks

Practical 1 Flashcards

Learn back muscles, thoracic cavity, and organs (92 cards)