Practical 1: Amphibians Flashcards by Lauren Broder

Family

Cryptobranchidae

lidless, baggy skin, large

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Hynobiidae

Dark, thin, long, dissected

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Family

Sirenidae

2 limbs, external gills, keratinized beak

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Family

Sirenidae

2 limbs, external gills, keratinized beak

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Family, genus, species

Salamandridae

Taricha torosa

four good limbs, enlarged cloaca=breeding=smooth skin, brownish top, organge-ish stomach, dark toe tips

Western Sierra Nevadas South of Kaweah River, coastal also from Mendocino to San Diego

Taricha sierrae looks exactly the same, but home range is W. Sierra Nevadas North of Kaweah River

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Family, genus, species

Salamandridae

Taricha granulosa

rough skin, dark brown on top, dark around eyes, lighter stomach, long thin tail

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Family, genus, species

Salamandridae

Taricha rivularis

black back, light stomach, flattened tail

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Family

Salamandridae

( Notophthalmus viridescens) dark back, light stomach with black small spots

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Family

Salamandridae

(Cynops species) rough skin, dark brown/black back, stomach dark with big lighter spots, light stripe down underside of tail

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Family

Salamandridae

(Salamandra salamandra) plain dark stomach, spots/stripes on either side of spine, brown back

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Family

Dicamptodontidae

(Dicamptodon ensatus) range from Santa Cruz to Sonoma, “dinosaur,” or brown speckled back with lighter stomach, smaller/younger ones have gills

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Family, genus, species

Dicamptodontidae

Dicamptodon tenebrosus

gills retained, flattened body, eyes on top of head

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Family, genus, species

Salamandridae

Taricha sierrae

exactly like Taricha torosa when they aren’t breeding, orange, rough skin

range in W. Sierra Nevadas north of Kaweah River

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Family, genus, species

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma californiense

grey/black back, light or spotted stomach, moderate size, smooth skin, robust body, short blunt head

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Family, genus, species

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma gracile

brown back and stomach, tail slightly flattened, short blunt head, robust body, moderate size, smooth skin

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Family, genus, species

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma macrodactylum

brown/black back, lighter stomach, FOURTH TOE LONGEST on back feet

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Family, genus, species

Ambystomatidae

Ambystoma mavortium

tiger salamander, facultative metamorphosis, some are lighter brown with spots/stripes, some are darker with no spots/stripes and retain gills

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Family

Proteidae

(Necturus maculosus) muddy colored, external gills, large

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Family, genus, species

Rhyacotritonidae

Rhyacotriton variegatus

olive/light colored with dark mottling, small

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Family

Amphiumidae

(Amphiuma tridactylum) four tiny limbs, lidless, gill slits

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Family, genus, species/clade

Plethodontidae

Batrachoseps attenuatus

small, 4 toes on hind feet, uniformly slender and elongate, short legs, dark stomach

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Family, genus, clade

Plethodontidae

Batrachoseps robustus clade

body more robust than tail, longe limbs

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Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae

Hydromantes brunus

in jar, plain light brown, small

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Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae

Hydromantes platycephalus

in jar, small, mottle light brown

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Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae Aneides flavipunctatus square toe tips, triangular head, black/dark back and stomach, light/yellow flecks on toe tips

Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae Aneides lugubris light brown, strongly triangular head, square toe tips, ridges down sides

Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae Aneides vagrans small, thin, dark brown

Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae Plethodon dunni dark brown w/ lighter mottled coloring down middle, 15 costal grooves

Family, genus, species

Plethodontidae Plethodon elongatus light brown w/ lighter brown coloring down middle, toes slightly webbed, 18 costal grooves

Family

Caecillidae limbless, ringed, tentacle at front of head, tail reduced pantropical range, Central and South America, East and West Africa, southern India and Southeast Asia

Family

Caecillidae limbless, ringed, tentacle at front of head, tail reduced pantropical range, Central and South America, East and West Africa, southern India and Southeast Asia

Family, genus, species, subspecies

Plethodontidae Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater black with yellow botches on back, basal constriction on tail

Family, genus, species, subspecies

Plethodontidae Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii basal restriction of tail, reddish/brown on back, very light on sides and bottom, large dark eyes Monterey

Family, genus, species, subspecies

Plethodontidae Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi black with light colored large blotches/stripes, large dark eyes

Family, genus, soecies, subspecies

Plethodontidae Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis brown back with yellow blotches on tail and legs, legs and stomach lighter, tail constriction at base, large eyes Sierra Nevadas

Family, genus, species, subspecies

Plethodontidae Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica purple/orange/brown on back, lighter stomach, tail constriction, yellow spot in eye

Family, genus, species

Ascaphidae Ascaphus truei tailed

Family

Bombinatoridae fire bellies, skin dark and bumpy on back, bellies light colored (blue or orange) with dark speckles

Family, genus, species

Pipidae Xenopus laevis flattened body and head, lidless eyes, claws on hind feet, hind feet webbed Type I larvae

Family, genus species

Pipidae Xenopus laevis flattened body and head, lidless eyes, claws on hind feet, hind feet webbed Type I larvae

Family

Rhinophrynidae burrowing toad, egg shaped bodies, spade-like feet, head merges w/ body

Family, genus, species

Scaphiopodidae Scaphiopus couchii sickle-shaped spade on hind feet, no boss, hind feet webbed, small to medium sized

Family, genus, species

Scaphopodidae Spea hammondii wedge-shaped spade, no boss Widespread California species

Family, genus, species

Scaphopodidae Spea intermontana glandular boss between eyes, webbed hind feet, dark toe tips on hind feet, wedge-shaped spade Great Basin

Family

Megaphryidae leaf-like shape, pointy eyelids, smooth skin

Family

Calyptocephalellidae false toads, blunt head w/ elongated bumps on body, black with slight lighter speckling

Family, genus, species

Hylidae Pseudacris cadaverina true tree frogs, no eye stripe, webbed hind toes, fat body, brown with extra dark brown stripes, slender long legs, toe pads California treefrog worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family, Genus, Species

Hylidae Pseudacris regilla long legs, toe pads, brown with darker blotches, lighter stomach type IV larvae worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae bumpy skin on stomach, dark brown back, lighter stomach, toe pads, round body, long legs worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae round body, light brown back w/ lighter stomach, toe pads, long legs worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae round body, brown/purple back, light stomach, toe pads, long legs worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae toe pads, back feet webbed, brown w/ light stomach, long legs worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae large toe pads, long legs worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae long legs, toe pads worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family

Hylidae long legs, toe pads type IV larvae worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo boreas round body, warty skin and hands, webbed hind feet, paratanoid glands, light dorsal stripe, oval paratanoids well seperated

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo californicus smaller, warty skin, light brown w/ dark around warts, in jar, no dorsal stripe, widely spread paratanoid glands

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo canorus dark warty skin, spotted on stomach, large flat paratanoids less than the width of one apart

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo cognatus paired spots, warty skin, ovular paratanoids, prominent cranial crests w/ more than one angle

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo exsul black toad, very narrow dorsal stripe, spotted stomach

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo microscaphus small warts, large paratanoids extirpated from CA

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo punctuatus light colored, spotted, warty skin, medium sized, paratanoids eye sized or smaller, pointy face

Family, genus, species

Bufonidae Bufo woodhousii brown with dark spots, warty skin, elongated paratanoid glands, cranial crests w/ only one angle, warty hands, webbed back feet

Family

Dendrobatidae 2 scutes on toe tips (heart shaped), black Central and South America

Family

Rhinodermatidae nose protrusion South America

Family

Leprodactylidae small, light brown, no specific characteristics Central and South America

Family

Ceratophryidae horned toad, huge head, enormous mouth, mimics dead leaves, horns on eyes, pointy body, head color continues down a wide dorsal stripe South America

Family

Alsodidae new family, fat front limbs, long toes and hind limbs South America

Family

Microhylidae pointed head, dark stripes down sides, fold behind head worldwide except Europe and North Africa

Family

Microhylidae pointed head, fold behind head (eyes) worldwide except Europe and North Africa

Family

Microhylidae pointed head, fold behind head(eyes) worldwide except Europe and North Africa

Family

Mantellidae small, dark, legs light with dark spots Madagascar and Mayotte Island

Family

Hyperoliidae toe disks, small, light brown, big dark eyes sub-Saharan Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana aurora dorsolateral folds, black blotches and flecks on back, jaw stripe doesn't reach shoulder coast of CA, Mendocino and north

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana draytonii long webbed toes, dorsolateral folds, black blotches on back Mendocino and south on the coast, Central Valley, and Sierra Nevada foothills

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana berlandieri dark, speckled legs, long hind legs, dark eyes, dorsolateral folds deflect inwart towards groin introduced species

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana boylii dark, small, webbed back feet, long legs, bumpy skin

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana cascadae small very dark spots on light bumpy skin, dorsolateral folds

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana catesbeiana bullfrog, gets large, no dorsolateral folds, tympanum larger than eye in males, fold around tympanum type IV larvae introduced species

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana muscosa vague dorsolateral folds, in jar, dark toe tips, light brown with darker speckling

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana sierrae similar to R. muscosa, limbs shorter compared to body Northern Sierra Nevadas

Family

Rhacophoridae square-ish light tipped nose, light brown w/ darker blotches, horizontal pupils sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, South Asia

Family, genus, species

Ranidae Rana pipiens distinct dorsolateral folds, large dark spots on back w/ pale borders, striped rear legs