Practical 1 Exam

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

liquid part of the blood that contains many dissolved substances (55% of blood volume)

Question 2

Erythrocyte

Answer 2

red blood cells that carry oxygen

Question 3

Hemoglobin

Answer 3

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, serves to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and lungs

Question 4

leukocytes

Answer 4

WBC that defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and other invaders

Question 5

Phagocytosis

Answer 5

process of white blood cells engulfing and destroying microorganisms and other foreign or toxic substances

Question 6

Macrophage

Answer 6

form that monocytes take when they enter infected tissues to engulf and destroy target cells

Question 7

Hematocrit

Answer 7

ratio of blood formed elements to total blood volume

Question 8

What are the components of plasma?

Answer 8

1. water
2. proteins
3. other solutes (electrolytes)

Question 9

formed elements

Answer 9

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets that make up 45% of totoal blood volume

Question 10

Where are plasma proteins created?

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

What happens to cells if they are in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 11

water is drawn out of the cells, resulting in cell shrinkage

Question 12

What happens to cells if they are in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 12

water is pulled into the cells, resulting in cell swelling

Question 13

Hemolysis

Answer 13

rupture of RBC

Question 14

What are the two blood typing systems involved?

Answer 14

ABO and Rhesus factor

Question 15

Anemia

Answer 15

blood diseases associated with the reduced blood Hb, decreases blood’s ability to transport oxygen to the tissues, can also be caused by absence of vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid

Question 16

What does the buffy coat in a blood sample contain?

Answer 16

platelets and leukocytes

Question 17

What is secreted by basophils and for what purpose?

Answer 17

histamine and heparin, secreted during inflammatory reactions

Question 18

the middle cavity of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located

Answer 18

mediastinum

Question 19

superior end of the heart that points toward the right shoulder

Answer 19

base

Question 20

inferior end of the heart that points toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm

Answer 20

apex

Question 21

serous membrane that surrounds the heart; also called the pericardial sac

Answer 21

pericardium

Question 22

outer layer of the heart wall; visceral pericardium

Answer 22

epicardium

Question 23

thick muscular layer of the heart wall that contracts

Answer 23

myocardium

Question 24

layer of the heart wall that contracts

Answer 24

endocardium

Question 25

blood vessels that supply and drain the myocardium of heart

Answer 25

myocardium circulation

Question 26

upper chambers that receive blood

Answer 26

atrium

Question 27

lower chambers that discharge blood

Answer 27

ventricles

Question 28

septum that divides the heart longitudinally between the ventricles

Answer 28

interventricular septum

Question 29

septum that divides the heart longitudinally between the atria

Answer 29

intratrial septum

Question 30

valves that control the flow between the ventricles and large vessels that exit the heart

Answer 30

semilunar valves

Question 31

tendinous chords that anchor the AV to prevent them from blowing back up into the atria during ventricular contraction

Answer 31

chordae tendinae

Question 32

blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Answer 32

pulmonary circulation