Practical 1 - Station 2: Muscles and Walls of the Pelvic Cavity Flashcards Preview

Anatomy - Repro > Practical 1 - Station 2: Muscles and Walls of the Pelvic Cavity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Practical 1 - Station 2: Muscles and Walls of the Pelvic Cavity Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic cavity?

A

Antero-inferior wall

Two lateral walls

Posterior wall

2
Q

What forms the anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavity?

A

The bodies and rami of the pubic bones and pubic symphysis

3
Q

What muscle forms the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

A

Obturator internus

4
Q

What is the action of the obturator internus?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip

5
Q

What foramen does the obturator internus exit the pelvic cavity?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

6
Q

What muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis

7
Q

What is the action of piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip

8
Q

Which foramen does piriformis exit the pelvic cavity through?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

9
Q

What nerve network lies on top of piriformis?

A

Sacral plexus

10
Q

What are the 3 muscles that make up the pelvic floor?

A

Puborectalis

Pubococcygeus

Iliococcygeus

11
Q

Identify

A

Puborectalis

12
Q

Identify

A

Pubococcygeus

13
Q

What is the third muscle of the levator ani?

A

Iliococcygeus

14
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Where multiple muscles of the perineum meet

15
Q

What muscles join up at the perineal body?

A

Anterior levator ani

Bulbospongiosus

External anal sphincter

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

16
Q

What is the anococcygeal body?

A

Median raphe where the levator ani, external anal sphincter and fibrous connective tissue meet

17
Q

What are the two main functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Maintain continence

Weight bare above structures

18
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

S2, S3, S4 or nerve to levator ani

19
Q

What is the nerve supply to this muscle?

A

Coccygeus muscle

S4, S5

20
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

Weakening of fascia between the vaginal canal and the bladder meaning the bladder can prolapse into the vagina

21
Q

What is a rectocele?

A

Bulging of the front wall of the rectum through a weakness leading to the rectum prolapsing into the vaginal canal

22
Q

Why is injury to the pelvic floor during childbirth potentially damaging?

A

Damage to the perineal body can lead to incontinence

23
Q

What surgical technique can be used to reduce damage to the perineal body?

A

Episiotomy

24
Q

What type of episiotomy shown here is the most common and why is an episiotomy good even though you’re still cutting?

A

Mediolateral episiotomy

  • Cutting heals better than tearing
  • The perineal body is not damaged
25
Q

In performing a DRE in male and female what structures might you palpate?

A

Male - prostate

Female - cervix