Practical 1: Surface Anatomy Flashcards
Identify
Suprasternal notch / Jugular notch
Clinical significance of jugular notch
The trachea lies directly behind it, so it can be used to check for tracheal deviation/shift by palpating for the trachea .
What is tracheal deviation ?
Symptoms ?
When pressure increases within the chest cavity, the trachea may shift to one side, typically the side where the pressure is LOWER or there is LESS lung volume
Symptoms:
- coughing
- difficulty breathing
- wheezing
- chest pain
Some causes of tracheal deviation
Neck injury, trauma
Pneumothorax
Bleeding
Multinodular goiter
Tumors, cancer, mediastinal lymphoma
Pleural effusion
Pneumonectomy
Atelectasis
Pleural fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is pneumothorax
A collection of air outside the lung but within the pleural cavity (between parietal and visceral pleura) , which can apply pressure on the lung and make it collapse
What is pleural effusion
The accumulation of fluid in between the parietal and visceral pleura, called the pleural cavity.
It can occur by itself or can result from surrounding parenchymal disease like infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions
What is pneumonectomy ?
A surgical procedure to remove one lung.
What is Atelectasis ?
The collapse of part or all of a lung caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the lung
Which muscle forms the lateral border of the jugular notch ?
Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Identify
What does this structure attach to medially and laterally ?
Clavicles
Medial end attaches to manubrium
Lateral end attaches to acromion process
Identify
Costal margin
Identify
Subcostal angle (left and right costa-xyphoid angle)
Identify the structure
What is the significance of this structure ?
Xyphoid process
It is at the level of the 6th rib
Identify this landmark
What is the clinical significance ?
Manubriosternal junction / Sternal angle / Angle of Louis
At the level of 2nd rib ( also at the level between T4 and T5)
Identify
Spinous process of C7
Identify this structure
What is the clinical significance
Spine of the scapula
Approximately at the level of spinous process of T3
Identify
Medial border of scapula
Identify this structure
What is the clinical significance ?
Inferior angle of the scapula
Approximately the level of T8/T9
Label
Label these lines
Label these lines
Label these lines
Which muscle forms the anterior axillary fold ?
Pectoralis major
Which muscles form the posterior axillary fold ?
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
