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PSIO LAB PRACTICAL 2 > Practical #2 > Flashcards

Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple squamous epithelium
Function and location

A

Alveoli
Diffusion

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2
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium
Location and function

A

Lining of mouth and esophagus
Protection against abrasion

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3
Q

Pseudo-stratified ciliates columnar epithelium
Location and functions

A

Lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
Secrets and moves mucus

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage
Location and functions

A

Nose, parts of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
Flexibility and support

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5
Q

Elastic cartilage
Location and function

A

Epiglottis of larynx
Provides strength, elastic and maintains shape

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6
Q

Ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
Location and function

A

Bronchioles
Moves mucus and debris

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7
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Location and function

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Allows for a little bit of gas exchange

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8
Q

Function of Resp. System

A

Moves air in/out of body
Cleans warms and humidifies air
Gas exchange
Olfaction
Ph balance
Blood pressure

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9
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilage structures?

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

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10
Q

What are the 3 single cartilage structures?

A

Thyroid
Crucifix
Epiglottis

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11
Q

True or false cords
Location

A

True: vocal (lower)
False: vestibular or ventricular folds

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12
Q

Functions of tonsils

A

Immunity

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13
Q

FX of trachea

A

Moves air from larynx to bronchi

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14
Q

Components of trachea and importance?

A

Trachialis M. Contracts or relaxes to adjust airflow

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15
Q

How many loves on each side of the lung? Why?

A

Right 3 lobes with an horizontal tissue
Left 2 lobes due to the heart
Both have oblique fissure

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16
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where vessels and nerves and bronchi enter or exit the lungs

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17
Q

What are the two plural lines?

A

Visceral and parietal

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18
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural, space, causing shortness of breath, increasing heart rate and is treated with a needle decompression

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19
Q

What are the three layers of the respiratory membrane?

A

Alveolar cell, basement membrane and endothelial cell

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20
Q

What is Boyles law?

A

Pressure and volume are inversely related

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21
Q

What muscles are required for forced inhalation

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor

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22
Q

What muscles are required for forced exhalation

A

Internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse, abdominous, and rectus abdominous

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23
Q

What is required for regular inhalation?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

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24
Q

What muscles are required for normal exhalation?

25
What is spirometry?
A test used to measure lung volumes, and how quickly one can inhale or exhale
26
What is tidal volume?
The amount of an air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath
27
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The maximum amount of air inhaled after normal inhalation
28
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The max amount of air exhaled after normal exhalation
29
What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in a long after the maximum exhalation, it prevents the lungs from collapsing
30
What is inspiratory capacity equation?
TV plus IRV
31
What is the functional residual capacity?
RV plus ERV
32
What is the vital capacity Equation?
IRV plus TV plus ERV
33
What is the total lung capacity?
TV plus ERV plus RV plus IRV
34
What is the difference between the immune and lymphatic system?
Immune system is made up of immune cells, and the lymphatic system is an organ system
35
What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
36
Where do T cells mature? What are the three types of T cells? What type of immunity does it give?
They mature in the thymus Memory, helper and cytotoxic Adaptive immunity
37
Where do B cells mature? What type of immunity does B cells give? What are the types of B cells?
They are matured in the red bone marrow They give antibody mediated immunity Memory and plasma
38
What are the other three types of immune cells and their function?
Natural killer cells Monocytes are macrophages -clear debris, and present antigens Dendritic and reticular cells - APCS
39
What is an antigen?
An antigen is a molecule capable of creating an immune response
40
What is an antibody?
And antibodies a protein produced by plasma to find a specific antigen and mark it for destruction
41
What is agglutination?
The body’s response to the mixing of blood types. The antibodies from one phenotype bind to the surface of another phenotype. This causes the erythrocytes to burst( hemolysis)
42
What is the rhesus factor?
Determines a persons positive or negative blood type It is a surface antigen If a person is exposed to an Rh, antigen by contamination, the body will produce antibodies
43
What is the majority of the population in terms of blood type?
Majority of people are O positive or A positive
44
What is hemolytic disease of a newborn
When the mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive. It only affects the second pregnancy, because the blood mixes at the birth of the first baby . The mixing of the blood causes the mother to make antibodies and these antibodies attack the second baby if it is RH POS.
45
What is RhoGAM
A medicine that stops the mother from creating RH antibodies
46
Lymphedema definition
A condition that causes swelling in the tissues, due to a buildup of fluid
47
What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema?
Primary lymphedema is idiopathic Secondary lymphedema is caused by a different condition such as cancer
48
What are the symptoms of a lymphedema?
Swelling Aching or numbness Skin feeling tight or hot
49
What are some treatments for lymphedema?
Treatments include exercise, a healthy diet elevation, a compression sleeve, and infection prevention
50
What is the function and purpose of the lymphatic system?
Collection and return of ISF Repacks and delivers lipids and vitamins from the small intestines to the blood
51
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
Lymph organs, tissues, vessels
52
Spleen Catergory Fx
Secondary lymphatic organ Filters, blood, illuminates, erythrocytes, Reservoir for thrombocytes
53
What is the histology of the spleen?
White pulp- a dark purple area that contains lymphocytes and macrophages Red pulp- a red area that contains erythrocytes and thrombocytes
54
What is the lymphatic tree?
Lymph capillaries Afferent, lymph vessel Nodes Efferent lymph vessel Lymph trunk Duct
55
What are the functions of the lymph nodes?
The filter lymph and are the site for T and B cell activation
56
What are the lymph nodes
Cervical Inguinal Intestinal Iliac Submandibular Auxiliary Mammillary Bronchial Cysterna chyli Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct
57
What is MALT? What is peyers patches?
Singular nodules in connective tissue of mucous membranes found in the respiratory G.I., urinary and reproductive tract Aggregation of these nodules in the small intestines
58
What are the components of lymphatic vessels?
Nodes thin vessel walls contain lymph and leukocytes Valves closed at one end Directs lymph to shbclavian veins
59
What are the key differences between lymphatic vessels and veins?
Lymphatic vessels have more valves, thinner walls, and blind and capillaries

PSIO LAB PRACTICAL 2 (1 decks)

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