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Practical 2 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Do Lampreys have eyes?

A

Yes

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2
Q

How do Lampreys smell and how do they use it to detect prey?

A

Smell certain amino acids until prey comes into sight.

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3
Q

Where on the shark do you see Ampullae of Lorenzini? Provide two functions that these structures could serve.

A

In the head and nose in the skin, 1. electro reception and 2. temperature changes

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4
Q

What is the double function of the urogenital pore?

A

Expel bodily wastes and reproductive fluids

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5
Q

What is the role of he sensory system in the function of the swim bladder?

A

Sensing pressure changes will let the swim bladder increase or decrease in volume.

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6
Q

What is the role of he sensory system in the function of the swim bladder?

A

Sensing pressure changes will let the swim bladder increase or decrease in volume.

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7
Q

What is amplexus?

A

When a male frog tries to mate with another male frog.

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8
Q

Jacobsen’s Organ

A

auxiliary olfactory sense organ

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9
Q

How many ovaries does a female bird have?

A

One

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10
Q

What is the primary product of the ovary?

A

egg without shell

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11
Q

What happens inside the oviduct during reproductions?

A

egg gets fertilized and gets coated with calcium and membranes

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12
Q

What is the role of turbinates in olfaction? (MAMMALS)

A

They direct the flow of air

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13
Q

Is the lens flat or curved in mammals?

A

Curved

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14
Q

Oviparous

A

Lay eggs and leave

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15
Q

Ovoviparous

A

eggs remain in mother until ready to hatch

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16
Q

Viviparous

A

Live young

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17
Q

Order Acipenseriformes

A 
Family Acipenseridae (sturgeons)
heterocercal tail
four barbels
five rows of bony shields
spiral valve intestine
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18
Q

Order Lepisosteiformes

A 
Family Lepisosteidae (gars)
Long snout with sharp teeth 
dorsal and anal fins far posterior
ganoid scales (diamond shape)
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19
Q

Order Anguilliformes

A 
Family Anguillidae (eels)
elongate
lack pelvic fins
dorsal, caudal and anal fins continuous
scales under skin or absent
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20
Q

Order Clupeiformes

A

Family Clupeidae (shad and sardines)
silvery scales
compressed ‘keeled’ body

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21
Q

Order Cypriniformes

A 
Family Cyprinidae (minnows)
Family Catostodomidae (suckers)
heads scaleless
caudal fins forked
nostrils have double openings
specialized pharyngeal teeth
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22
Q

Order Siluriformes

A 
Family Ictaluridae (Catfishes)
1-4 pairs of barbels
flattened head
adipose fin
usually spines at pectoral and dorsal fin
without scales or bony plates
small eyes
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23
Q

Order Salmoniformes

A 
Family Salmonidae (salmon and trout)
adipose fin
forked tail
lack spiny fin rays
many pyloric ceca
triangular flap at base of pelvic fin
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24
Q

Order Esociformes

A

Family Esocidae (Pikes and Pickerals)

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25
Order Cyprinodontiformes
``` Family Cyprinodontidae (Pupfish) Family Poeciliidae (mosquito fish and top minnows) pelvic fins reduced/absent caudal fins rounded superior mouths ```
26
Order Perciformes
``` Family Centrarchidae (Sunfish and black bass) Family Percidae (Perch and darters) Family Sciaenidae (drum) ```
27
Order Scorpaeniformes
Family Cottidae (sculpin)
28
Family Caeciliidae
``` Caecilians calcite scales limbless eyes small, covered with skin or bone rudimentary left lung recessed mouth and no tail ```
29
Family Scaphiopodidae
Spadefoot toads black spade on underside of hind foot is sickle shaped verticle pupils black spade on underside of hind foot is wedge shaped vertical pupils
30
Family Bufonidae
True toads parotoid gland long warty skin
31
Family Hylidae
``` Tree frogs toe pads dark triangle between eyes usually small long legs and toes white stripe along upper lip three stripes down back ```
32
Family Craugatoridae
Dirt frogs fold of skin on neck behind eyes semi transparent eardrum toes not webbed
33
Family Ranidae
``` True Frogs dorsolateral folds webbing between toes typical looking frog long hindlimb folds around eardrum ```
34
Family Ambystomatidae
``` Mole salamanders Distinct costal grooves tubercles tail flattened laterally small eyes relative to head ```
35
Family plethodontidae
lungless salamanders Costal grooves nasolabial groove
36
Family Proteidae
Mudpuppies neotonic gills
37
Synapomorphies of amphibians
paired limbs incomplete ossification of carpal and tarsal bones bimodal life history with aquatic larvae metamorphosing skull articulates with vertebral column through atlas lungs present secondarily absent in some salamanders (plethodontidae) manus with 4 digits poison glands on skin
38
What is direct development?
Hatch full grown adults
39
Amphibian reproduction
Salamander tadpoles have external gills frog tadpoles have internal gills salamander tadpoles develop forelimbs first frogs develop hind limbs first
40
What is chytrid fungus?
fungus that affects the skin of amphibians
41
Arizona toad scientific name
Anaxyrus Microscaphus
42
Family Chelydridae
``` Snapping turtles Strong powerful jaws reduced plastron carapace has three rows of keels long tail ```
43
Family Emydidae
Painted turtles and others often colorful smooth carpace not keeled
44
Family Trionychidae
``` Softshell turtles round, flat, flexible shell pancake like feet webbed long snout with nostrils at tip ```
45
Family Alligatoridae
``` Alligators and crocodiles non-overlapping scales osteoderms under scales secondary bony palate upper jaw wider than lower jaw ```
46
Family Sphenodontidae
``` Tuataras lack of ear opening two rows of teeth on upper jaw thick tail with spines beady scales ```
47
Family Phrynosomatidae
``` iguanas horned lizard slender rounded tails no fringe scales on sides scales spiny keeled and pointed overlapping scales on dorsal surfaces ```
48
Family scincidae
skinks short limbs and stout body large, smooth, cycloid scales
49
Family Anguidae
Alligator lizards short limbs lateral folds dividing dorsal and ventral scales
50
Family Helodermatidae
``` Gila monsters venomous lizard in US bead like granular scales colored yellow or orange and black large head and body thick tail ```
51
Family Colubridae
Non venomous snakes
52
Family Crotaphytidae
Collared lizards | prominent collar markings
53
Family Gekkonidae
Large eyes vertical pupils and eyelids | finely granular scales
54
Family Teeidae
Whiptails slim, long tailed, large ventral scales in regular transverse rows, dorsal scales granular head scales large and symmetrical parthenogenic
55
Family Viperidae
vipers
56
Family Colubridae
``` Snakes black or dark brown with white or yellow chain like pattern snout is upturned and pointed lack well defined lengthwise stripes smooth scales ```
57
Family Viperidae
``` vipers venomous loreal pits between eye and nostril broad triangular head keeled scales ```
58
Synapomorphies of Squamata
Skull highly kinetic transverse cloacal opening paired copulatory organs
59
synapomorphies of crocodilia
fully developed secondary palate
60
synapomorphies of testudinata
ribs modified along with epidermal plates to form shell | jaws covered with horny epidermal plates, no teeth
61
Reproduction in Reptiles
Incubation determines sex, not genetics turtles produce males at cooler temps, lizards and alligators produce females at cooler temperatures some reptiles exhibit parthenogenesis squamates have independently evolved hemipenes
62
Family Anatidae
Ducks and geese Webbed feet sexes dimorphic flattened bill
63
Family Trochiliade
Hummingbirds lobed feet black with white bill sexes alike
64
Family Caprimulgidae
``` Nighthawks large head with tiny bill well camouflaged, colored browns, black and grey barring on chest sexes alike ```
65
Family Ardeidae
``` Herons large grey bird long legs long s shaped neck white crown stripe shaggy feathers on neck and back long thick bill ```
66
Family Columbidae
``` Pigeons and doves grayish brown body small head large white patch on wing blue skin around eyes black streak on cheek sexes alike ```
67
Family Alcedinidae
``` Kingfishers large head with crest large thick bill white throat and collar white underneath, blue breast band ```
68
Family cuculidae
cuckoos large and longtailed long unfeathered legs sexes alike
69
Family Acciptiridae
``` Hawks and eagles red tail dark leading edge belly band or barring sexes alike ```
70
Family Falconidae
Falcons and caracaras Small bird of prey sexes dimorphic
71
Family Phasianidae
Pheasants grouse and turkeys chicken like bird sexes dimorphic
72
Family Odontophoridae
New World quails chicken like bird contour feathers with dark edges creating a shingled look sexes alike
73
Family Gruidae
``` Cranes very large red forehead, white cheek long legs tufted feathers over rump grey body may be stained reddish sexes alike ```
74
Family Rallidae
``` Rails small with short legs lobed feet black with white bill sexes alike ```
75
Family Corvidae
``` Jays, raves, crows, magpies long tail blue and grey above pale underside broken by blue necklace white eyebrow ```
76
Family Icteridae
Blackbirds and orioles sexes dimorphic sharp bill brood parasite
77
Family Fringuillidae
Finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers sexes dimorphic male red on head and breast, female striped breast and no red
78
Family Paridae
Chickadees and titmice black cap and chin white eyebrow stripe small beak
79
Family Passeridae
Sparrows sexes dimorphic male with black throat female with brown breast and bi colored bill
80
Family Sturnidae
starlings short tail, long slender yellow beak glossy black plumage that gradually wears over winter
81
Family Thraupidae
Tanagers sexes dimorphic male red, female yellowish grayish above big bills
82
Family Picidae
Woodpeckers | brown with black barring, white rump stiff tail feathers, male has red moustache
83
Family Strigidae
``` Owls feathered ear tufts grayish with small black streaks on feathers yellow eyes sexes alike relatively large white throat darkly splotched breast ```
84
Shared derived characters of birds
``` Presence of feathers numerous distinctive skeletal elements derived aspiration pump forelimbs transformed into wings toothless beaks proventriculus as true stomach hollow pneumatic bones ```
85
Primary flight feathers are attached to____ | Secondary flight feathers are attached to_____
Munas | Ulna
86
What skeletal features make birds unique?
Pygostyle synsacrum Furcula
87
Wing types (4)
Slotted, high lift hawks Elliptical wings pheasant high aspect ratio wing swallow dynamic soaring albatross
88
Foot types (7)
``` Raptorial lobate zygodactyl normal anisodactly semi palmate palmate syndactyl ```
89
Order Didelphimorphia
Opossums
90
Order Monotremata
``` Platypus Echidna Limbs oriented with humerus and femur held lateral to body cloaca bird-like skull lack teeth as adults Rostrum is elongate Spines covering stout body feet modified for digging duck-billed beaver-tailed webbed feet venomous spur on hind foot ```
91
Order Soricomorpha
Hedgehogs, shrews, moles No diastema first pair of incisors are greater than canine teeth moles are fossorial, hae tiny eyes, thick fu, stout forelegs with long claws, no visible ears. Shrews have long thing snout, sharp teet, 5 claws toes on forefeet
92
Order Lagomorpha
``` Hares, pika, rabbits large diastema two pair of upper incisors soles of feet covered with hair five pair of lower cheek teeth, hypsodont short tail ```
93
Order Chiroptera
Bats forelimbs=wings cheekteeth w shaped crowns gap between incisors
94
Order Rodentia (4)
``` Family Sciuridae Squirrels Family Heteromyidae Kangaroo rats, pocket mice Family Muridae Mice and Voles Family Erethizontidae Porcupines Large diastema two pair of upper incisors 3-4 lower cheek teeth long tail ```
95
Order Carnivora (6)
``` Family Canidae Dogs Family Ursidae Bears Family Mephitidae Skunks and stink badgers Family Mustelidae Badgers, otters, weasels Family Procyonidae Raccoons and coatis Family Felidae Cats predators canines are larger than incisors carnassials large eyes and large brain case variable number of cheek teeth excellent sense of smell (turbinate bones) ```
96
Order Artiodactyla
``` Family Cervidae Deer Family Antilocapridae Pronghorn antelope even toed ungulates fusion of 3rd and 4th metapodial on some species large diastema, no upper incisors many lack upper inscisors and canines cheek teeth used for grinding many with horns or antlers chambered stomach (ruminate) horns with cores ```
97
Order Perissodactlya
Family Equidae horses, donkeys, zebras odd toed ungulates large cheek teeth some have dermal horns (no cores)
98
Order Monotremata
``` Platypus Echidna Limbs oriented with humerus and femur held lateral to body cloaca bird-like skull lack teeth as adults Rostrum is elongate Spines covering stout body feet modified for digging duck-billed beaver-tailed webbed feet venomous spur on hind foot ```
99
shared derived characters of mammals
``` lactation, mammary gland mandible consists of only dentary bone dentary-squamosal articulation tribosphenic molars hair diaphragm 3 middle ear bones ```
100
Two major extant lineages of mammals
Prototherians (monotremata) Therians Meta-marsupials euth-placentals
101
Locomotion groups (6)
``` Cursorial-running Fossorial-digging saltatorial-jumping flying-elongated phalanges aquatic-fusiform body shape walking-plantigrade foot posture ```
102
Foot postures
Plantigrade Digitigrade unguligrade

Zoology (2 decks)

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