Practical 3 animal

Question 1

What are the general characteristics of animals?

Answer 1

Animals are diploid organisms that are heterotroph consumers. They obtain nutrients by consuming food either as primary consumers (producers) or secondary consumers (other animals). They typically reproduce through sexual reproduction.

Question 2

What is the role of epidermal tissue in animals?

Answer 2

Epidermal tissue forms protective coverings, enables secretion of molecules such as enzymes, and permits absorption of beneficial molecules such as food and water.

Question 3

What function does muscle tissue serve in animals?

Answer 3

Muscle tissue enables movement via contraction of muscle cells.

Question 4

What is the function of connective tissue in animals?

Answer 4

Connective tissue forms supportive tissues such as bones that provide structure and support to animal tissues.

Question 5

What is the role of nervous tissue in animals?

Answer 5

Nervous tissue enables the receipt and processing of sensory information and the triggering of responses by causing changes in muscles and glands.

Question 6

What are the two main types of digestive systems in animals?

Answer 6

The two main types of digestive systems are gastrovascular cavity and alimentary canal.

Question 7

Describe the gastrovascular cavity.

Answer 7

A gastrovascular cavity is a sac-like organ with one opening (mouth/anus) that enables the intake of food and expulsion of undigested waste. Enzymes are secreted onto food within this cavity.

Question 8

What is an alimentary canal?

Answer 8

An alimentary canal, also called a digestive tract, contains a mouth, esophagus, crop or stomach, intestine, and anus, allowing for simultaneous ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion.

Question 9

What is a key advantage of having an alimentary canal over a gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 9

The advantage of a digestive tract is that continuous ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion can occur simultaneously.

Question 10

True or False: In a gastrovascular cavity, wastes can be expelled before digestion and absorption is complete.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What adaptations will be examined in the lab regarding animal evolution?

Answer 11

Five types of animals demonstrating different adaptations that evolved over millions of years will be examined.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Animals are ______ organisms.

Answer 12

diploid

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Animals obtain nutrients by consuming food in the form of ______.

Answer 13

producers or other animals

Question 14

What are Cnidarians?

Answer 14

Animals that live in both freshwater and saltwater habitats

Question 15

What type of cells do Cnidarians use to capture prey?

Answer 15

Cnidocytes

Question 16

What is the function of tentacles in Cnidarians?

Answer 16

To capture prey

Question 17

What is the mouth/anus of a Cnidarian used for?

Answer 17

To ingest food and expel waste

Question 18

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

Answer 18

The cavity where food is digested and absorbed

Question 19

How do Cnidarians digest their food?

Answer 19

By secreting enzymes onto the food and absorbing the digested molecules

Question 20

How can Hydra reproduce sexually?

Answer 20

Through meiosis in spermaries and ovaries to produce sperm and egg

Question 21

What is a method of asexual reproduction in Hydra?

Answer 21

Budding

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Cnidarians can reproduce asexually by _____

Answer 22

Budding

Question 23

What happens during budding in Hydra?

Answer 23

Mitosis grows another hydra that can break off to live in another location

Question 24

True or False: Cnidarians can only reproduce sexually.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What habitats do Cnidarians inhabit?

Answer 25

Freshwater and saltwater

Question 26

What are the two types of reproductive structures in Hydra?

Answer 26

Spermaries and ovaries

Question 27

What is the primary purpose of cnidocytes?

Answer 27

To capture prey

Question 28

What are the components to label on a prepared slide of Hydra?

Answer 28

Mouth/anus, tentacles

Question 30

What is the primary habitat of rotifers?

Answer 30

Mostly freshwater habitats ## Footnote Rotifers are primarily found in freshwater environments.

Question 31

What organ do rotifers use to swim?

Answer 31

Cilia held on an organ called the corona ## Footnote The corona is a unique structure that aids in locomotion.

Question 32

What type of digestive system do rotifers have?

Answer 32

Alimentary canal ## Footnote An alimentary canal allows for a more complex digestion process.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: Rotifers ingest food through their _______.

Answer 33

Mouth ## Footnote The mouth is the entry point for food in the digestive system.

Question 34

What role do jaws play in the rotifer's digestive process?

Answer 34

Help crush food ## Footnote Jaws are located inside the muscular pharynx and assist in food processing.

Question 35

What is the function of the esophagus in rotifers?

Answer 35

Delivers food to their stomach ## Footnote The esophagus is a tube that transports food after ingestion.

Question 36

What begins the breakdown of food in rotifers?

Answer 36

Enzymatic secretion in the stomach ## Footnote Enzymes secreted in the stomach start the digestion process.

Question 37

What happens in the intestine of rotifers?

Answer 37

Further digests food with enzymes and absorbs beneficial nutrients ## Footnote The intestine plays a critical role in nutrient absorption.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Undigested matter is expelled through the _______.

Answer 38

Anus ## Footnote The anus is the exit point for waste in the digestive process.

Question 39

Be able to identify parts

Question 40

Identify parts

Question 41

What are annelids?

Answer 41

Segmented worms that can live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats.

Question 42

What is an example of an annelid?

Answer 42

Earthworm

Question 43

What is the body structure of earthworms?

Answer 43

Segmented body divided by body walls called septa.

Question 44

What are the main regions of the earthworm's digestive tract?

Answer 44

Mouth, muscular pharynx, crop, gizzard, intestine.

Question 45

What is the function of the gizzard in earthworms?

Answer 45

Uses strong muscles to grind food.

Question 46

How does the intestine of an earthworm function?

Answer 46

Secretes enzymes onto food and absorbs broken down nutrients.

Question 47

What type of circulatory system do earthworms have?

Answer 47

A circulatory system made of blood vessels and ring hearts.

Question 48

What are nephridia?

Answer 48

Funnel-like organs that remove nitrogenous wastes from the body cavity.

Question 49

How do earthworms expel their wastes?

Answer 49

Through their body walls into the surrounding soils.

Question 50

What is the anterior end of an earthworm?

Answer 50

Oral end.

Question 51

What is the posterior end of an earthworm?

Answer 51

Anal end.

Question 52

What is the clitellum in earthworms?

Answer 52

An organ that produces a mucus cocoon.

Question 53

What is the role of seminal vesicles in earthworms?

Answer 53

Produce sperm.

Question 54

What do ovaries in earthworms produce?

Answer 54

Ovules (eggs).

Question 55

True or False: Earthworms are hermaphroditic.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

How do earthworms reproduce?

Answer 56

They can exchange sperm with any other earthworm and store it to fertilize their own eggs.

Question 57

Fill in the blank: Earthworms can store sperm and fertilize their own eggs in a mucus _______ produced by the clitellum.

Answer 57

cocoon

Question 58

Earthworm

Question 59

What is the primary characteristic of arthropods?

Answer 59

Chitinous exoskeleton ## Footnote Arthropods are a diverse group of animals that have a hard outer shell made of chitin.

Question 60

What is the class of animals most familiar to humans within arthropods?

Answer 60

Insecta ## Footnote Insects are a major class of arthropods that are widely recognized.

Question 61

What are the three regions of an insect's body?

Answer 61

* Head * Thorax * Abdomen ## Footnote These regions are essential for the structure and function of insects.

Question 62

How can one identify male versus female grasshoppers?

Answer 62

By the size of the abdomen and the presence of an ovipositor ## Footnote Females have a larger abdomen for egg production and an adapted ovipositor for laying eggs.

Question 63

What function do malpighian tubules serve in some insects?

Answer 63

Removal of wastes and excess water ## Footnote Malpighian tubules excrete waste into the intestines for removal.

Question 64

What is the role of gastric caeca in insects?

Answer 64

Produce enzymes that assist in digestion ## Footnote Gastric caeca are spindle-shaped organs that line the digestive tract.

Question 65

Fill in the blank: The digestive system in insects is characterized by a _______.

Answer 65

Digestive tract similar to annelids ## Footnote This similarity indicates evolutionary connections between different animal groups.

Question 66

What is the function of the crop in the insect digestive system?

Answer 66

Stores food ## Footnote The crop is a specialized structure that allows insects to manage their food intake.

Question 67

What is the muscular structure in the insect digestive system that compacts food?

Answer 67

Gizzard ## Footnote The gizzard aids in the mechanical breakdown of food.

Question 70

Grasshopper

Question 71

What is the scientific name for the common house mouse?

Answer 71

Mus musculus

Question 72

What is the primary function of the Chordata group?

Answer 72

To maintain homeostasis of their bodies

Question 73

What organ system utilizes a muscular heart?

Answer 73

Circulatory system

Question 74

What do arteries do?

Answer 74

Carry blood away from the heart to the tissues

Question 75

What do veins do?

Answer 75

Carry blood from the tissues back to the heart

Question 76

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 76

Permits gas exchange

Question 77

What is the name of the tube through which air is inhaled?

Answer 77

Trachea

Question 78

What organs are involved in the respiratory system?

Answer 78

Lungs

Question 79

What is the primary function of the lungs?

Answer 79

Remove carbon dioxide and deliver oxygen to blood cells

Question 80

What is the first organ involved in the digestive system?

Answer 80

Mouth

Question 81

Fill in the blank: Food is passed from the mouth into the _______.

Answer 81

Esophagus

Question 82

What begins the process of breaking down food in the stomach?

Answer 82

An acidic environment with enzymes

Question 83

What is chyme?

Answer 83

A paste created by the stomach that consists of crushed food

Question 84

After the stomach, chyme is delivered into the _______.

Answer 84

Small intestines

Question 85

Which organ secretes bile to aid in fat digestion?

Answer 85

Liver

Question 86

What additional functions does the liver have?

Answer 86

*Storage of sugars *Detoxification *Recycling of red blood cells

Question 87

What comes after the small intestine in the digestive system?

Answer 87

Large intestine/colon

Question 88

Mouse

Question 89

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 89

Absorbs water and delivers undigested food into the rectum for elimination through the anus.

Question 90

What role does the spleen play in the body?

Answer 90

Filters the blood, stores blood cells, and recycles them.

Question 91

What organs are involved in the urinary system?

Answer 91

Kidneys filter wastes from the blood to produce urine.

Question 92

Where is urine stored before it is released?

Answer 92

In the urinary bladder.

Question 93

What is the pathway of urine release?

Answer 93

Urine is released from the urethra.

Question 94

Which organ is responsible for processing information in the nervous system?

Answer 94

The brain.

Question 95

What does the muscular system enable?

Answer 95

Movement through contraction of muscle cells.

Question 96

What is the primary function of the immune system?

Answer 96

Produces cells that defend the body against pathogens.

Question 97

What does the reproductive system produce?

Answer 97

Sex cells.

Question 98

What organ supports the developing fetus in the female reproductive system?

Answer 98

The uterus.

Question 99

Fill in the blank: The _______ acts to filter the blood and recycle blood cells.

Answer 99

spleen

Question 100

True or False: The kidneys are part of the muscular system.

Answer 100

False

Question 101

What is the first step in the mouse dissection procedure?

Answer 101

Place a mouse ventral side up into a dissecting tray.

Question 102

Fill in the blank: The _______ is where urine is stored before release.

Answer 102

urinary bladder

Question 103

What should you do to the arms and legs of the mouse during dissection?

Answer 103

Spread them outwards and pin the shoulders and thighs down.

Question 104

What is the purpose of making shallow incisions during the mouse dissection?

Answer 104

To open the body walls.