practical 7

Question 1

Elephants have what teeth

Answer 1

Lophodont teeth for grinding plant matter

Question 2

Most carnivorans have what teeth

Answer 2

A carnassial tooth

Question 3

Most omnivores have what teeth

Answer 3

bunodont

Question 4

Most carnivorans are

Answer 4

Digitigrade

Question 5

Mammals have 3 inner ear bones the stapes, malleus, and incus, 2 of which evolved from
bones in the jaw of reptilian ancestors. The malleus evolved from the

Answer 5

articular

Question 6

The incus evolved from the

Answer 6

quadrate

Question 7

You come across an unknown mammalian skull while hiking. It looks rodent-like, but you
aren’t sure. Upon closer inspection, you notice it has 2 pairs of upper incisors, a smaller pair
nested behind a larger pair. You conclude it is a.

Answer 7

lagomorph (rabbit skull)

Question 8

Traits likely arose due to metabolic requirements for endothermy?

Answer 8

Hair, Secondary bony palate, Mastication (ability to chew), Heterodonty

Question 9

Taxonomic groups lack nipples

Answer 9

Monotremata

Question 10

All mammals have mammary glands. True or False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are three purposes of hair (modified or otherwise)

Answer 11

maintaining body temperature, provide camouflague, visual warning, protection, tactile sensation

Question 12

Digitigrade

Answer 12

heel does not touch the ground, walking on toes only (e.g., cat)

Question 13

Unguligrade

Answer 13

walking on tips of toes, often with a hoof (e.g., horse)

Question 14

Plantigrade

Answer 14

all foot bones including heel touches the ground (e.g., humans)

Question 15

Antlers

Answer 15

Made of bone, shed annually (deer)

Question 16

Horns

Answer 16

Made of bone with keratin sheath, continuous growth (e.g., sheep)

Question 17

Pronghorn

Answer 17

Made of bone with keratin sheath, only keratin sheath shed

Question 18

Ossicones

Answer 18

Bony projections covered in skin (e.g., giraffes)

Question 19

Saltatorial

Answer 19

hopping (e.g., rabbits)

Question 20

Cursorial

Answer 20

running (e.g., horses)

Question 21

Volant

Answer 21

flying (e.g., bats)

Question 22

Fossorial

Answer 22

digging (e.g., moles)

Question 23

What is unique about monotreme reproduction when compared to other mammals?`

Answer 23

they are oviparous (egg laying)

Question 24

What is unique about marsupial development when compared to other mammals?

Answer 24

very short gestation period, young stays in pouch and feeds off nipple within it
- choriovitelline placenta

Question 25

What is heterodont dentition and how is this related to mammalian endothermy? (in other words, what benefit does heterodont dentition provide for mammals / how does this help them sustain high metabolic rate required for endothermy?)

Answer 25

heterodont dentition is closely related to endothermy (maintaining a constant, high body temperature through internal metabolic processes) because it allows for more efficient food processing