Practical exam - ankle and foot

Question 1

What are the components of the medial collateral ligament (deltoid)?

Answer 1

Anterior tibiotalar part
Tibionavicular part
Tibiocalcaneal part
Posterior tibiotalar part

Question 2

What are the components of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 2

Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
Anterior talofibular

Question 3

What is the interosseous ligament also known as?

Answer 3

Anterior talocalcaneal ligament

Question 4

What does the bifurcate ligament involve?

Answer 4

Calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular

Question 5

What is the spring ligament also known as?

Answer 5

Plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 6

What is the classification of the ankle joint?

Answer 6

Synovial, compound, Uniaxial, Hinge

Question 7

What is the classification of the (midtarsal) talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 7

Synovial, compound, ball and socket, multi-axial

Question 8

What is the classification of the (midtarsal) calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 8

Synovial, simple, multi-axial, plane

Question 9

What is the classification of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 9

Simple, synovial, biaxial, condyloid

Question 10

What is the classification of the 1st interphalangeal joint?

Answer 10

Synovial, simple, uniaxial, hinge

Question 11

What do the movements of the ankle involve?

Answer 11

Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
Eversion

Question 12

What do movements of the foot involve?

Answer 12

MTPJ flexion and extension
IPJ flexion and extension

Question 13

What is the normal ROM for dorsiflexion?

Answer 13

0-25 degrees

Question 14

What is the normal ROM for plantarflexion?

Answer 14

0-55 degrees

Question 15

What is the normal ROM for inversion?

Answer 15

0-35 degrees

Question 16

What is the normal ROM for eversion?

Answer 16

0-25 degrees

Question 17

What is the normal ROM for MTPJ flexion?

Answer 17

0-30 degrees

Question 18

What is the normal ROM for MTPJ extension?

Answer 18

0-80 degrees

Question 19

What is the normal ROM for IPJ flexion?

Answer 19

0-50 degrees

Question 20

What is the normal ROM for IPJ extension?

Answer 20

0 degrees

Question 21

What muscles plantarflex the ankle?

Answer 21

• gastrocnemius
• soleus
• plantaris
• fibularis (peroneus) longus
• fibularis (peroneus) brevis
• tibialis posterior
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallucis longus

Question 22

What muscles dorsiflex the ankle?

Answer 22

• tibialis anterior
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallucis longus
• fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Question 23

Muscles inverting the foot?

Answer 23

• tibialis anterior
• tibialis posterior

Question 24

Muscles everting the foot?

Answer 24

• peroneus longus
• peroneus brevis
• peroneus tertius

Question 25

Muscles extending the toes at the MTPJ + IPJ?

Answer 25

- Extensor hallucis longus - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor digitorum brevis - Lumbricals

Question 26

Muscles flexing the toes at the MTPJ + IPJ?

Answer 26

- Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor accessories (quadratus plantae) - Flexor digitorum brevis - Flexor hallucis longus - Flexor hallucis brevis - Flexor digiti minimi brevis - Plantar interossei

Question 27

What are the limiting factors to ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 27

Ligaments: posterior tibiotalar ligament, posterior talofibular ligament. Tension in plantarflexors - gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus etc. Extent or articular surfaces

Question 28

What are the limiting factors to ankle plantarflexion?

Answer 28

Ligaments: Anterior tibiotalar ligament, anterior talofibular ligament. Tension in dorsiflexors - Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius.

Question 29

What are the limiting factors to ankle inversion?

Answer 29

Ligaments: Dorsal talonavicular, bifurcate Extent of articular surfaces Tension in evertors - peroneus longus, brevis, tertius

Question 30

What are the limiting factors to ankle eversion?

Answer 30

Ligaments: Plantar calcaneocuboid, bifurcate Extent of articular surfaces Tension in evertors - tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior

Question 31

What are the limiting factors to MTPJ flexion?

Answer 31

Tension in the digital extensor tendons Collateral ligaments

Question 32

What are the limiting factors to MTPJ extension?

Answer 32

Tension in the digital flexor tendons Tension in the plantar fascia

Question 33

What are the limiting factors to IPJ flexion?

Answer 33

Tension in digital extensor tendons Collateral ligaments

Question 34

What are the limiting factors to IPJ extension?

Answer 34

Tension in the digital flexor tendons

Question 35

What is the classification of the subtalar joint? (talus and calcaneus)

Answer 35

synovial, simple, plane, multi axial