Practical P1 - Distillation and Fractional Distillation

Question 1

what does simple distillation do

Answer 1

separates a liquid from a solution

Question 2

what is simple distillation used for

Answer 2

can be used to get pure water from seawater

Question 3

what is the equipment used in simple distillation
4 points

Answer 3

1) thermometer
2) condenser
3) flask
4) beaker

Question 4

what is the method for simple distillation
3 points

Answer 4

1) heat the solution in the flask, the part of the solution with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first
2) the vapour is cooled and condensed in the condenser and is collected in a beaker
3) the rest of the solution is left in the flask

Question 5

what is the problem with simple distillation
2 points

Answer 5

1) can only be used to separate things with very different boiling points
2) if you have a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points you need to use fractional distillation

Question 6

what equipment is used in fractional distillation
5 points

Answer 6

1) fractionating column filled with glass rods
2) thermometer
3) condenser
4) flask
5) test tubes

Question 7

what is something fractional distillation can be used for

Answer 7

the fractional distillation of crude oil at a refinery

Question 8

what’s the method for fractional distillation
5 points

Answer 8

1) put your mixture in a flask and stick a fractioning column on top, then heat it
2) the different liquids will have different boiling points so will evaporate at different temps
3) the liquid with the lowest BP evaporates first, when the temp on the thermometer matches the BP of this liquid, it will reach the top of the column
4) liquids with higher BP could also start to evaporate, but the column is cooler at the top so they’ll only get part way up before condensing
5) when the first liquid has been collected, raise the temp until the next one reaches the top