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Physics > Practical Skills > Flashcards

Practical Skills Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 SI units

A

Meters m
Seconds s
Kilograms kg
Kelvins k
Amps A
Mole Mol
Candela cd

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2
Q

Tera as a power of 10

A

10^12

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3
Q

Giga as a power of 10

A

10^9

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4
Q

Mega as a power of 10

A

10^6

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5
Q

Kilo as a power of 10

A

10^3

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6
Q

Centi as a power of 10

A

10^-2

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7
Q

Milli as a power of 10

A

10^-3

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8
Q

Micro as a power of 10

A

10^-6

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9
Q

Nano as a power of 10

A

10^-9

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10
Q

Pico as a power of 10

A

10^-12

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11
Q

Femto as a power of 10

A

10^-15

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12
Q

Independent variable

A

What you’re in charge of changing

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13
Q

Dependent variable

A

What you measure

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14
Q

Control variables

A

What you keep the same

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15
Q

1st step of experiment planning

A

Find an equation that answers the question

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16
Q

2nd step of experiment planning

A

Decide what needs to be measured

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17
Q

3rd step of experiment planning

A

Decide what equipment will be precise

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18
Q

4th step of experiment planning

A

Decide independent dependant and control variables

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19
Q

5th step of experiment planning

A

Draw a diagram to show how equipment should be set up

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20
Q

6th step of experiment planning

A

Test the largest and smallest values you can get from Independant variable

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21
Q

7th step of experiment planning

A

Write method

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22
Q

Experiment design steps summary

A

-Make hypothesis/prediction
-Decide what data to collect/how
-Find Independant dependant and control variables
-Select appropriate equipment
-Risk assessment

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23
Q

Hazard

A

Anything that can cause harm

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24
Q

Risk

A

How someone could be harmed by a hazard

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25
Q

Prevention

A

How to stop someone being harmed

26
Q

What does a full rotation on a micrometer mean

A

A 1/2 mm line on main scale

27
Q

What’s on the micrometer rotating scale

A

50 divisions each 0.01 mm

28
Q

How to read micrometer

A

1)Look what line has just been uncovered on main scale
2)See what number rotating scale lines up with on main scale
3)Add main and rotating scale together

29
Q

Advantage of micrometer

A

-They are all the same
-Can’t overtighten and squash due to ratchet
-More precise (0.01mm rotating scale)

30
Q

Vernier calliper advantages

A

-Upper jaws to measure internal diameter

31
Q

How to read vernier callipers

A

-Look for 0
-Vernier scale= zoomed version of 1mm.
1mm÷increments
-Look where line on main scale matches vernier scale
-Add this to main scale reading

32
Q

Tables rules

A

-Units separated from quantity with /
-Independant variable on left
-Record all data and averages to the same DECIMAL places
-Calculated data should be rounded to lowest number of significant figures

33
Q

Graph rules

A

-Fill grid
-Axis doesn’t need to start at 0
-Line/curve of best fit
-Don’t join dots
-Label axis
-Circle obvious anomalies

34
Q

How to do error bars

A

Calculate mean value.
Calculate range
Divide range by 2 for absolute uncertainty
Absolute uncertainty above and below mean

35
Q

Systematic error

A

Errors that affect all measurements by the same amount

36
Q

Example of systematic error

A

A balance that reads already 0.4g and this is added to each measurement

37
Q

How to reduce systematic errors

A

Reduce effects by calibrating equipment

38
Q

Random error definition

A

An error that affects all measurements bt different amounts

39
Q

Example of random error

A

Human reaction time with a stopwatch

40
Q

How to reduce random error

A

Reduce effects by taking repeat readings so you can spot and remove anomalies
Take an average to smooth out results

41
Q

Parallax error definition

A

-Type of random error
-Caused by eye, object measured and measuring device.
-Eliminate using set square or place object directly under measuring device

42
Q

Calibration error

A

-Type of systematic error
-Caused when you don’t check equipment is reading 0 when it should be
-Check it reads 0 or measure something of known size

43
Q

What is the uncertainty in a reading
+example of equipment

A

Where you look at equipment once to make judgement
Eg: thermometer, cylinder, geuger
±1/2 the smallest division

44
Q

What is uncertainty in a measurement
+Example of equipment

A

Where you look at equipment twice to make a judgement.
Eg: Calliper, protracter, ruler
±1 the smallest division

45
Q

Uncertainty in digital meters
+example of equipment

A

Eg: stopwatch, voltmeter
±1 the smallest division

46
Q

Uncertainty in exam data

A

Assume ± in the last significant digit

47
Q

How to calculate percentage uncertainty

A

(Absolute uncertainty÷reading) x100

48
Q

How to calculate uncertainty when adding 2 measurements

A

Add absolute uncertainties

49
Q

How to calculate uncertainty when subtracting 2 measurements

A

Add absulute uncertainties

50
Q

How to calculate uncertainty when multiplying 2 digits

A

Add percentage uncertainties

51
Q

How to calculate uncertainty when dividing 2 digits

A

Add percentage uncertainties

52
Q

How to calculate uncertainty when you raise a value to a power

A

Multiply uncertainty by the power

53
Q

If you measure thickness of a coin by finding thickness of stack of 10 and then dividing that by 10 what happens to % uncertainty?

A

Stays the same

54
Q

How to calculate uncertainty from a range of results

A

Find range
Divide range by 2 for absolute
Find mean

(Absolute÷mean) x100

55
Q

Precise result

A

Small spread in the data from the mean

56
Q

Repeatable result

A

If you can repeat the experiment multiple times and get the same results

57
Q

Reproducible result

A

If someone else can recreate the experiment using different equipment and methods and get the same results

58
Q

Accurate result

A

Close to true value

59
Q

If percentage difference is smaller than percentage uncertainty

A

Theory is supported by the results

60
Q

Theory is supported by results

A

If percentage difference is smaller than percentage uncertainty

61
Q

If percentage difference is bigger than percentage uncertainty

A

Theory is not supported by results

62
Q

Theory is not supported by results

A

If percentage difference is bigger than percentage uncertainty

Physics (7 decks)

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