Practical Terms - Paper B Flashcards
Practical Life Area
Preliminary Activities
Grace and Courtesy
Control and Coordination of Movement
Care of the Self
Care of the Environment
Art
Practical Life: Characteristics
- Attention grabbing to children
- Real and natural materials-wood, glass, ceramic, brass, cloth, and metal
Prepares child for life - Functional and child-sized
- Beautiful and fragile objects-wordlessly remind children to take care of them, control their movements, and restore and preserve their beauty
- Color coded-satisfy internal order
Each activity is a unit of work-prepared completely - Multiple sets of related activities
- Culturally relevant
- Attractive, unbroken and impeccably clean
Practical Life: Stages of Work
First stage - Unconscious creator
- Children work for their own self construction
- Work is largely unconscious—satisfaction from fulfilling a developmental need
- Don’t know why they’re choosing a work
Second stage - Conscious worker
- Decide to act
- Child works because there is an observed need
Practical Life: Purposes
- Functional independence
- Development of will (motion is interesting, not stopping)
- Controlled movement
- Attention span/concentration
- Logical thinking
- Memory
Language Area
Spoken Language
Writing
Discovery of Reading
Function of Words
Reading Anaylsis and Further Exploration
Music
Cultural Extensions
Language: The Four Discoveries in Language
- There are more words than I already know
- I can make my words visible to others
- I can interpret the thought and feelings of others, even from another time and place
- Words, whether spoken or written, have a specific order, function, and structure
Language: Four Layers of Language
- Phonemes - individual sounds of language (/b/,/t/,/s/,/ch/,/th/)
- Morphemes - smallest meaningful units of language (cat,the,ly,ed,s)
- Syntax - the structure of language (the green house, not the house green; “Sarah baked a cake” not “The cake baked Sarah” “The fox chased the Rabbit” differs from “The rabbit chased the fox” )
- Semantics -meaning or context (“They are eating apples” could mean people are eating apples, or could mean ‘eating apples’ as opposed to ‘baking apples’)
Language: Total Reading
-reading comprehension
-appreciation of style
-understanding of emotional content
Language: Music
- Music Appreciation and Listening
- Rhythm - clapping, songs, games, control of movement
- Music Literacy: Associating Notes to Pitches
- Music Literacy: Introducing the Staff
- Music Literacy: Composition
Language: Materials for Reading - Reading Analysis and Further Explorations in Reading
- Continuation of Commands - help child interpret and remember what they read
- Reading Analysis Stage 1 + 2 - introduce total reading experience, help child recognize a sentence as a complete thought, inspire creative writing
- Reading Analysis - Simple Sentences - Extensions, Attributes, and Appositions - continue the exploration of total reading
- Definition Booklet and Definitions in Three Stages - practice reading, prep for zoology and botany
- Word Study - increase vocab and understanding of the nature of words
Language: Reading - Function of Words
- Definate and Indefinate Articles
- Adjective
- Logical Adjective
- Detective Adjective
- Conjunction
- Preposition
- Verb
- Adverb
- Logical Adverb
Language: Discovery of Reading
- Phonetic Object Box - interperate graphic symbols to find meaning, intro to reading as silent communication
- Key Phonograms - Phonogram object box and Phonograms with movable alphabet - more keys to reading, awareness of spelling
- Activity and Command Cards - same as phonetic object box and can be presented in parallel
- Puzzle Words - 3PL/memorization, create awareness of spelling, help child read and write irregular words
- Little Reading Booklets - Give child opportunity to read an entire book and inspire writing of books
- Alternate Spelling Packets - futher exploration - keys to language
- Reading Classification - introduce written form of words they already know
Language: Materials for Writing
- Sandpaper Letters - sound symbol cooresponence
- Movable Alphabet - sound blending
- Metal Insets - Practice drawing forms, contour of shapes, lightness of touch, manual dexterity
- Handwriting - practice on chalkboard - security in impermanence
Language: Spoken Language
the foundation for literacy and numeracy
- “Social Language”
give opptunities to learn and practice
aid in adaptation to community and society
functional and psychological independence
confidence and self expression
Conversation
True Stories
Books
Poetry
The Question Game
Command Games
Enrichment of Vocabulary
Sound Games
Language: Preparations of the Mind for Reading
- Spoken Language - Unconscious knowledge of grammar and syntax for clear communication supports accurate interpretation of phrases and sentences. Enrichment of Vocabulary: Enriched, functional vocabulary supports accurate interpretation of individual words that have been decoded.
- Movable Alphabet- Construction of familiar words out of individual letters supports the insights that any written word can be decoded and interpreted into a meaningful combination.
Language: Preparations of the Eye for Reading
- Practical Life - child’s eyes track movements, particularly the movements of her own hand
- Sensorial Exercises for Visual Discrimination - Refinement of visual perception and exactness in visual discrimination
- Geo Cab with the Three Series of Cards (particularly series 3) - Refined visual discrimination of shape supports the ability to visually discern and correctly interpret drawn shapes with fine degrees of difference (such as ‘m’ and ‘n’)
- Sandpaper Letters - Visual recognition of the particular shapes which are letters
- The connection lesson - visual recognition of letters joined together to form words.
Language: Preparations of the Hand for Writing
Practical Life Area
- Coordination & refinement of the hand: fine motor, visual-motor, manual dexterity
Sensorial Area
- Pencil Grip: Cylinder Blocks and Other Knobbed Materials
Thumb, Index & Middle Fingers – to hold & control a writing instrument - Lightness of Touch: Touch Boards/ Touch Tablets
Smooth movement of a writing instrument across a writing surface - Firmness of Touch: Geometry Cabinet (Tracing Around the Insets)
Sufficient pressure when using a writing instrument - Following a Contour: Geometry Cabinet (Tracing Around the Insets)
Muscular preparation to draw the shapes of letters with a writing instrument - Following a Contour while holding a Writing Instrument: Leaf Cabinet with Orange Stick
Language Area
- Sandpaper Letters
Tracing the exact form of each letter, perfecting the movements to draw each letter with a writing
instrument - Exercises with Chalk / Exercises with Pencil
Applying the movements for drawing letters while moving a writing instrument across a writing
surface (the sequence will later be repeated with a pencil) - Metal Insets
Mastery of a writing instrument through progressive exercises in geometric design
Language: Preparations of the Mind for Writing
- Spoken Language Activities / Three Period Lessons
Perfection of grammar and syntax for clear communication – a progression from communicating individual words to combining words to communicate complete thoughts
Continual acquisition of an enriched, functional vocabulary – the mind has something to communicate
- The Question Game
Provides the structure for creating complete sentences and stories
- The Sound Game
The capacity to analyze, in order, all of the sounds in a word
- Sandpaper Letters
The visual association of graphic symbols (shapes) with the sounds used in the language
- Moveable Alphabet
The experience of having a word or thought in the mind, analyzing the component sounds, selecting the
appropriate symbol to represent each analyzed sound, and placing the symbols in order to form an external representation of an internal thought
Sensorial: Pattern of Activity
- Isolate the two most contrasting
- Matching - finding identical match
Memory games for matching
human tendency for order
if child cannot tell difference, don’t correct - no one can help them. Their perception must grow
(Language - positive form of the adjective, or the name) - Grading - finding the relationship between items
one extreme to the other
more difficult than matching
relationship between objects
dont correct mistakes - perception must grow for them to tell the differences
(Language - comparative and superlative forms of the adjective ) - Variations: these are not presented, they are the child’s own exploration
exploration and self discovery
discover endless possibilities with materials
connect the isolated quality to the world around them
internalize purpose of material - Attached specialized language
three period lesson
Sensorial Area
The Visual Sense
The Tactile Sense
The Stereognostic Sense
The Auditory Sense
The Olfactory Sense
The Gustatory Sense
Sensorial Preparations for Geomery and Algebra
Sensorial Preparations for Botany and Geography
Sensorial: Characteristics
- Beautiful—children are drawn to touch and explore with them
Lend themselves to motor activity
Afford opportunity to sustain interest – “auto-education” - Isolation of quality and sense
Mario Montessori’s metaphor “spotlight in a darkened theater” - Exactness and precision of the material
- Mathematical Precision - Gives an unconscious experience with base 10-the basis of our number system
- Indirect preparation - Experience stored in the unconscious mind
- “Materialized abstraction” - Hands on experience with abstract ideas
Embody abstract qualities such as “length,” “temperature,” or “pitch”
Within all sensory materials - “Control of Error”
- Limited
Materials given to the child should be limited so they offer just enough to be beneficial - “Keys to the World” - A starting point for the children
Open doorway to further exploration - “Touchstone” - The ability to compare present and past experiences through observation and memory. Internalize sensory experiences and apply them to what they know already
Sensorial: Support Child Development
- Refine sensory perceptions
- Create clear, detailed abstractions
- Classify those abstractions
- Attach precise language to those experiences
