Practice Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
When did the first Christian communities appear in Britain?
A
3rd and 4th centuries
2
Q
Which TWO are British Overseas territories?
A
St Helena and The Falkland Islands
3
Q
Who appoints “Life peers”?
A
The Monarch
Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.
4
Q
When is St David’s day?
A
1st of March
St David’s day is on the 1st of March. He is a Patron St of Wales
5
Q
What created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?
A
The Act of Union
The Act of Union of 1800 created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
6
Q
Who was Queen Elizabeth II married to?
A
Prince Philip
7
Q
Who was the first Briton to win the Olympic gold medal in the 10,000 meters?
A
Mo Farah
Mo Farah was the first British runner to win the gold medal in the 10 km.
8
Q
The UK government hasn’t used the power to suspend the Northern Ireland Assembly
A
False
Since 1997, some powers have been devolved from the central government to give people in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland more control over matters that directly affect them. There has been a Welsh Assembly and a Scottish Parliament since 1999. There is also a Northern Ireland Assembly, although this has been suspended on a few occasions.
9
Q
What did the Chartists campaign for?
A
The right to vote for the working class
10
Q
Which Two British film actors have recently won Oscars?
A
Tilda Swinton & Colin Firth
11
Q
What Palace was a cast-iron and plate-glass building originally erected in Hyde Park, London, England, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851?
A
Crystal Palace
12
Q
Where did the people of the Bronze Age bury their dead?
A
Round barrows
13
Q
When do pubs usually open?
A
11:00 AM
14
Q
Who invented the World Wide Web?
A
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
15
Q
Where in Scotland is known as the home of golf?
A
St.Andrews
16
Q
Who was Henry Purcell?
A
A musician
Henry Purcell (1659–95) was the organist at Westminster Abbey. He wrote church music and operas.
17
Q
What was the population of the UK in 1901?
A
40 million
18
Q
When did people learn how to make bronze?
A
4,000 years ago
19
Q
Who mapped the coast of Australia?
A
James Cook
20
Q
What is the Church of England known as in Scotland and the US?
A
The Episcopal Church
The official Church of the state is the Church of England is called the Episcopal Church in Scotland and the United States. It is a Protestant Church.
21
Q
Who won gold medals in rowing in five consecutive Olympic Games?
A
Sir Steve Redgrave
22
Q
How old is the Elizabeth Tower (sometimes called Big Ben)?
A
over 150
23
Q
What is the money limit for the small claims procedure in England and Wales?
A
£10,000
24
Q
Who designed the new St Paul Cathedral?
A
Sir Christopher Wren
Christopher Wren designed a new St Paul Cathedral after the previous one was destroyed by a great fire in 1666.
25
Which style of architecture became popular in the 19th century?
Gothic
26
What percentage of the population has a grandparent born outside of the UK?
%10
27
Which country’s flag is not part of the Union Flag?
Wales
## Footnote
The Welsh dragon is not part of the Union Flag.
28
Where was Florence Nightingale born?
Italy
## Footnote
Florence Nightingale was born in Italy to English parents in 1820.
29
Who was one of the founders of England’s naval tradition?
Sir Francis Drake
## Footnote
Sir Francis Drake, one of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada, was one of the founders of England’s naval tradition. His ship (The Golden Hind) was one of the first to sail around the world.
30
Which countries are in Great Britain?
England, Wales, Scotland
31
Where did the ancestors of the first farmers come from?
South-East Europe
32
What marked the beginning of “constitutional monarchy”?
The Glorious Revolution
## Footnote
The laws passed after the Glorious Revolution are the beginning of what is called ‘constitutional monarchy’.
33
Which of these gardens is located in Wales?
Bodnant Garden
34
Who developed important Human Nature ideas?
David Hume
35
Where did the engineers come from in the middle ages?
Germany
36
Which of these venues is located in Scotland?
The SECC
37
What language did the Iron Age people speak?
Celtic
38
Who won two gold medals for running in the 2004 Olympic Games?
Dame Kelly Holmes
## Footnote
Dame Kelly Holmes (1970–) won two gold medals for running in the 2004 Olympic Games.
39
When did the Enlightenment happen?
18th Century
40
What did Henry VII do?
Reduced the power of the nobles
## Footnote
Henry VII wanted to make sure that England remained peaceful and that his position as king was secure. He deliberately strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles.
41
What percentage of the UK population is Sikh?
1%
## Footnote
n the 2021 England and Wales census, around 525,000 people from the sampled population of 60 million identified as Sikh. 46% of people identified themselves as Christian. Much smaller proportions identified themselves as Muslim (6.5%), Hindu (2%), Sikh (1%), Jewish or Buddhist (both around 0.5%), 0.5% of people followed another religion and 37% stated not to follow any religion.
42
For how long did England remain a republic?
11 Years
43
Which of these are ‘Crown Dependencies’?
The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man
44
Which operas were written by Gilbert and Sullivan?
HMS Pinafore and the Mikado
45
Where can you find the ship HMS Victory now?
Portsmouth
## Footnote
HMS Victory, can be visited in Portsmouth. It was Admiral Nelson’s ship.
46
Who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo?
The Duke of Wellington
47
When did Ireland split into 2 countries?
1922
48
Which of these charities works with children?
NSPCC
49
Where are the most serious civil cases heard in England and Wales?
High Court
## Footnote
More serious civil cases – for example, when a large amount of compensation is being claimed – are dealt with in the High Court in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
50
What is the official report that contains everything said in Parliament called?
Hansard
51
Who is responsible for subjects such as education, health and defence?
Secretary of State
## Footnote
Secretaries of State are responsible for subjects such as education, health and defence.
52
How many members does The Northern Ireland Assembly have?
90
## Footnote
The Northern Ireland Assembly was established soon after the Belfast Agreement (or Good Friday Agreement) in 1998. There is a power-sharing agreement which distributes ministerial Offices amongst the main parties. The Assembly has 90 elected members (reduced from 108 in 2016), known as MLAs (members of the Legislative Assembly). They are elected with a form of proportional representation. The Assembly is chaired by a Speaker and three deputy Speakers. At least 10 members (including the Speaker) must be present in order for a vote to be taken on any matter.
53
When did the Habeas Corpus Act become law?
1679
## Footnote
The Habeas Corpus Act became law in 1679. This was a very important piece of legislation which remains relevant today. Habeas corpus is Latin for ‘you must present the person in court’. The Act guaranteed that no one could be held prisoner unlawfully. Every prisoner has a right to a court hearing.
54
When did the UK join the EEC?
1973
55
What helped the progress of the industrial revolution?
Steam Power
## Footnote
Scientific discoveries, such as James Watt’s work on steam power, helped the progress of the Industrial Revolution.
56
What’s the age requirement to drink wine with a meal with someone over 18?
16
57
Who was the Prime Minister during 1945-1951?
Clement Attlee
## Footnote
Clement Attlee was born in London in 1883. He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951 and led the Labour Party for 20 years.
58
Which of these is not a music festival?
The Fringe
## Footnote
The Edinburgh Festival takes place in Edinburgh, Scotland, every summer. The Fringe (One of the festivals) is a showcase of mainly theatre and comedy performances.
59
How long can you use an EU driving licence for?
As long as it's valid
## Footnote
your driving licence is from a country in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway, you can drive in the UK for as long as your licence is valid, subject to UK licence renewal requirements (at the age of 70, or three years after the driver becomes resident). If you have a licence from any other country, you may use it in the UK for up to 12 months.
60
When did the “Battle of Agincourt” take place?
1415
61
Who designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
## Footnote
Brunel was originally from Portsmouth, England. He was an engineer who built tunnels, bridges, railway lines and ships. He was responsible for constructing the Great Western Railway and the Clifton Suspension Bridge.
62
Where did the supporters of Charles Edward Stuart come from?
Highlands
63
How often do the ministers meet to discuss important issues?
Weekly
64
What did the Statute of Rhuddlan do?
Annexed Wales to England
65
Where was one of the Anglo Saxon kings buried with treasure and armour?
Suffolk
66
When were films first shown in the UK?
1896
67
What is the Turner Prize given for?
Art
## Footnote
The Turner Prize is recognised as one of the most prestigious visual art awards in Europe. Previous winners include Damien Hirst and Richard Wright.
68
How many member states does the Commonwealth have?
56
## Footnote
The Monarch (King Charles III) is the ceremonial head of the Commonwealth, which currently has 56 (can change) member states.
69
What did the Romans introduce to Britain?
new plants and animals
70
Where is the Millennium Stadium located?
Cardiff
71
When were the women given the right to vote at the same age as men?
1928
## Footnote
Emmeline Pankhurst was born in Manchester in 1858. She set up the Women’s Franchise League in 1889, which fought to get the vote in local elections for married women. Shortly before Emmeline’s death in 1928, women were given the right to vote at the age of 21, the same as men.
72
What was the estimated population of the British Empire?
400 million
73
Who was the first man to be called the ‘Prime Minister’?
Sir Robert Walpole
74
When did English become the official language for documents?
1400
## Footnote
By 1400, in England, official documents were being written in English, and English had become the preferred language of the royal court and Parliament.
75
What percentage of the total population lives in Wales?
5%
76
When did the BBC start the first radio broadcast?
1922
## Footnote
The BBC started radio broadcasts in 1922 and began the world’s first regular television service in 1936.
77
Who ordered to write the Book of Common Prayer?
Edward VI
## Footnote
Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI, who was strongly Protestant. During his reign, the Book of Common Prayer was written to be used in the Church of England.
78
Who is a Patron St of Scotland?
St Andrew
79
Who is a Patron St of Scotland
St Andrew
80
Who was the first Danish King?
Cnut also "Canute"
81
What is the period after the Norman Conquest up until 1485 called?
The Middle Ages
82
When did the Parliament begin developing into the institution it is now?
During the Middle Ages
83
How long does it take to give blood?
1 hour
84
What percentage of the work force are women?
50%
85
What does the “R” Plate stand for?
Restricted Driver
86
How many times has the UK hosted the Olympic Games?
3
## Footnote
The UK has hosted the Olympic Games on three occasions: 1908, 1948 and 2012. The main Olympic site for the 2012 Games was in Stratford, East London.
87
Where did Charles II hide to escape from Cromwell’s army?
In an oak tree
## Footnote
Charles II escaped from Worcester, famously hiding in an oak tree on one occasion, and eventually fled to Europe.
88
Who discovered Insulin?
John MacLeod
89
What was the purpose of the Corn Laws in 1846?
To prevent the import of cheap grain
90
How long is the Bayeux Tapestry?
70m
91
What is known as the Bessemer process?
Production of steel
## Footnote
The development of the Bessemer process for the mass production of steel led to the development of the shipbuilding industry and the railways.
92
When did the Glorious Revolution happen?
1688
## Footnote
In 1688, important Protestants in England asked William to invade England and proclaim himself king. When William reached England, there was no resistance. This event was later called the ‘Glorious Revolution’ because there was no fighting in England and because it guaranteed the power of Parliament, ending the threat of a monarch ruling on his or her own as he or she wished.
93
How many Houses did the Scottish Parliament have in the middle ages?
3
94
Which clan was killed because of not taking an oath?
The MacDonalds of Glencoe
## Footnote
All Scottish clans were required formally to accept William as king by taking an oath. The MacDonalds of Glencoe were late in taking the oath and were all killed.
95
Which organization looks after the Edinburgh Castle?
Historic Scotland
96
Who invaded the Falkland Islands in 1982?
Argentina
97
What does the “R” Plate stand for?
Restricted Driver
98
Who discovered Insulin?
John MacLeod
99
Where did Charles II hide to escape from Cromwell’s army?
In an oak tree
100
What is known as the Bessemer process?
Production of steel
101
How many Houses did the Scottish Parliament have in the middle ages?
3
102
When did the Glorious Revolution happen?
1688
103
Which clan was killed because of not taking an oath?
The MacDonalds of Glencoe
104
How many times has the UK hosted the Olympic Games?
3
105
Which country invented Cricket?
England
106
Who designed the Cenotaph?
Sir Edwin Lutyens
## Footnote
Sir Edwin Lutyens was responsible for many war memorials throughout the world, including the Cenotaph in Whitehall. The Cenotaph is the site of the annual Remembrance Day service attended by the Queen and many others.
107
What is the “King James” Bible?
A new translation into English
## Footnote
One achievement of King James’ reign was a new translation of the Bible into English. This translation is known as the ‘King James Version’ or the ‘Authorised Version’. It was not the first English Bible but is a version which continues to be used in many Protestant churches today.
108
How many member states does the UN have?
190
109
Who is responsible for crime and immigration?
Home Secretary
110
When did the English Civil war begin?
1642
111
Where did the Vikings come from?
Norway and Denmark
## Footnote
The Vikings came from Denmark and Norway. They first visited Britain in AD 789 to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves.
112
Why is it called ‘The Glorious Revolution’?
Because there was no fighting
## Footnote
This event was later called the ‘Glorious Revolution’ because there was no fighting in England and because it guaranteed the power of Parliament, ending the threat of a monarch ruling on his or her own as he or she wished.
113
What medal was introduced during the Crimean War?
The Victoria Cross
114
Which Scottish poet wrote “The Bruce”?
John Barbour
## Footnote
In Scotland, many people continued to speak Gaelic and the Scots language also developed. A number of poets began to write in the Scots language. One example is John Barbour, who wrote The Bruce about the Battle of Bannockburn.
115
When did the English defeat the Spanish Armada?
1588
116
Which country(s) did Britain fight against during the Battle of Trafalgar?
Spain and France
## Footnote
Britain’s navy fought against combined French and Spanish fleets, winning the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
117
Who lost a lot of their power after the Battle of Culloden in 1746?
The Clans
118
What country is Swansea in?
Wales
119
What is the Church of England usually known as in other countries?
The Anglican Church
## Footnote
The official Church of the state is the Church of England, called the Anglican Church in other countries and the Episcopal Church in Scotland and the United States.
120
When did Scotland abolish the authority of the Pope?
1560
## Footnote
Scotland had also been strongly influenced by Protestant ideas. In 1560, the predominantly Protestant Scottish Parliament abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland and Roman Catholic religious services became illegal.
121
Where are the youth cases heard in Scotland?
There is a Children's Hearings System
## Footnote
In Scotland a system called the Children’s Hearings System is used to deal with children and young people who have committed an offence.
122
Who developed a radar?
Sir Robert Watson-Watt
123
What type of painter was Joseph Turner?
Landscape
124
What information about you is asked at the polling station?
Your name and address
## Footnote
When you arrive at the polling station, the staff will ask for your name and address. In Northern Ireland you will also have to show photographic identification.
125
What service can you use to find a lawyer or a solicitor?
The Citizens Advice Bureau
126
What celebrates the end of Ramadan?
Eid al-Fitr
## Footnote
Eid al-Fitr celebrates the end of Ramadan, when Muslims have fasted for a month. They thank Allah for giving them the strength to complete the fast.
127
Which flower is associated with Northern Ireland?
a shamrock
## Footnote
A shamrock is associated with Northern Ireland. A rose is associated with England, a thistle with Scotland and a daffodil with Wales.
128
Where does the Scottish Grand National take place?
Ayr
## Footnote
Famous horse-racing events include: Royal Ascot, a five-day race meeting in Berkshire attended by members of the Royal Family; the Grand National at Aintree near Liverpool; and the Scottish Grand National at Ayr. There is a National Horseracing Museum in Newmarket, Suffolk.
129
What treaty was signed in 1707?
The Act of Union
## Footnote
he Act of Union, known as the Treaty of Union in Scotland, was therefore agreed in 1707, creating the Kingdom of Great Britain.
130
Which is an example of a Civil Offence?
Discrimination in the workplace
## Footnote
Examples of civil laws are:
Housing law: this includes disputes between landlords and tenants over issues such as repairs and eviction.
Consumer rights: an example of this is a dispute about faulty goods or services.
Employment law: these cases include disputes over wages and cases of unfair dismissal or discrimination in the workplace.
Debt: people might be taken to court if they owe money to someone.
131
What is an important part of the UK character?
The ability to laugh at ourselves
132
Which of these is not a valid bank note?
£100
133
Who tried to arrest 5 parliamentary leaders from the House of Commons?
Charles I
134
What programme helps teenagers develop their skills?
The National Citizen Service
## Footnote
There are many opportunities for young people to volunteer and receive accreditation which will help them to develop their skills. These include the National Citizen Service programme, which gives 16- and 17-year-olds the opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities, develop their skills and take part in a community project.
135
Who led the Labour Government from 2007 to 2010?
Gordon Brown
## Footnote
Gordon Brown took over as Prime Minister in 2007 and led the Labour Party.
136
Who became the first Briton to win the Tour de France?
Bradley Wiggins
## Footnote
Bradley Wiggins (1980–) is a cyclist. In 2012, he became the first Briton to win the Tour de France. He has won seven Olympic medals, including gold medals in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games.
137
How many ‘local authorities’ does the city of London have?
33
138
How is the New Year often called in Scotland?
Hogmanay
## Footnote
Known in Scotland as ‘The Bard’, Robert Burns was a Scottish poet. His best-known work is probably the song Auld Lang Syne, which is sung by people in the UK and other countries when they are celebrating the New Year (or Hogmanay as it is called in Scotland).
139
Which of Henry VIII’s wives were executed?
Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
140
What is the Mercury Music Prize awarded for?
The best album from the UK and Ireland
## Footnote
The Mercury Music Prize is awarded each September for the best album from the UK and Ireland. The Brit Awards is an annual event that gives awards in a range of categories, such as best British group and best British solo artist.
141
When did Queen Victoria become queen?
1837
## Footnote
In 1837, Queen Victoria became queen of the UK at the age of 18. She reigned until 1901, almost 64 years.
142
Who led a team to clone a mammal for the first time?
Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell
143
Where can you find Boudicca, the Queen of the Iceni statue?
London
144
When did the “Battle of the Boyne” happen?
1690
## Footnote
James II wanted to regain the throne and invaded Ireland with the help of a French army. William defeated James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland in 1690, an event which is still celebrated by some in Northern Ireland today. William re-conquered Ireland and James fled back to France.
145
Who is Andy Murray?
A Scottish tennis player
## Footnote
ndy Murray (1987–) is a Scottish tennis player who in 2012 won the men’s singles in the US Open. He is the first British man to win a singles title in a Grand Slam tournament since 1936. In the same year, he won Olympic gold and silver medals.
146
When was the Magna Carta established?
1215
## Footnote
There were few formal limits to the king’s power until 1215. In that year, King John was forced by his noblemen to agree to a number of demands. The result was a charter of rights called the Magna Carta (which means the Great Charter). The Magna Carta established the idea that even the king was subject to the law. It protected the rights of the nobility and restricted the king’s power to collect taxes or to make or change laws.
147
What was the population of the UK in 1998?
57 million
## Footnote
Population growth in the UK
Year Population
1600 Just over 4 million
1700 5 million
1801 8 million
1851 20 million
1901 40 million
1951 50 million
1998 57 million
2005 Just under 60 million
2010 Just over 62 million
148
When did the development of a free press happen?
1695
## Footnote
From 1695, newspapers were allowed to operate without a government licence. Increasing numbers of newspapers began to be published.
149
Which Castles are in use to this day?
Edinburgh and Windsor
## Footnote
Castles were built in many places in Britain and Ireland, partly for defence. Today many are in ruins, although some, such as Windsor and Edinburgh, are still in use.
150
When was the Scottish Parliament established?
1999
151
When did the first farmers arrive in Britain?
6,000 years ago
152
What tells us about how people lived just after the Norman Conquest?
The Domesday book
## Footnote
William sent people all over England to draw up lists of all the towns and villages. The people who lived there, who owned the land and what animals they owned were also listed. This was called the Domesday Book. It still exists today and gives a picture of society in England just after the Norman Conquest.
153
How many times did Sir Jackie Stewart win the Formula 1 championship?
3
## Footnote
Sir Jackie Stewart (1939–) is a Scottish former racing driver who won the Formula 1 world championship three times.
154
How long does Diwali normally last for?
5 days
## Footnote
Diwali normally falls in October or November and lasts for five days. It is often called the Festival of Lights. It is celebrated by Hindus and Sikhs. It celebrates the victory of good over evil and the gaining of knowledge. There are different stories about how the festival came about. There is a famous celebration of Diwali in Leicester.
155
How many Russian and Polish Jews came to Britain between 1870-1914?
120,000
## Footnote
People continued to come to Britain from other parts of the world. For example, between 1870 and 1914, around 120,000 Russian and Polish Jews came to Britain to escape persecution
156
When was the Giant’s Causeway formed?
50 million years ago
## Footnote
Located on the north-east coast of Northern Ireland, the Giant’s Causeway is a land formation of columns made from volcanic lava. It was formed about 50 million years ago. There are many legends about the Causeway and how it was formed.
157
How many years did Mary, the Queen of Scots spend in prison?
20
## Footnote
Mary was Elizabeth I’s cousin and hoped that Elizabeth might help her, but Elizabeth suspected Mary of wanting to take over the English throne, and kept her a prisoner for 20 years. Mary was eventually executed, accused of plotting against Elizabeth I.
158
What is an example of the Middle Ages architecture?
The White Tower in the Tower of London
159
Where is the Eden Project located?
Cornwall
## Footnote
The Eden Project is located in Cornwall, in the south west of England. Its biomes, which are like giant greenhouses, house plants from all over the world. The Eden Project is also a charity which runs environmental and social projects internationally.
160
What was encouraged to develop the UK economy in 1950?
Immigration
## Footnote
During the 1950s, there was still a shortage of labour in the UK. Further immigration was therefore encouraged for economic reasons, and many industries advertised for workers from overseas.
161
What is the longest distance on the mainland in the UK?
870 miles
## Footnote
The longest distance on the mainland is from John O’Groats on the north coast of Scotland to Land’s End in the south-west corner of England. It is about 870 miles (approximately 1,400 kilometres).
162
What happens at 11:00 on the Remembrance Day?
A 2 minute silence
## Footnote
Remembrance Day, 11 November, commemorates those who died fighting for the UK and its allies. Originally it commemorated the dead of the First World War, which ended on 11 November 1918. People wear poppies (the red flower found on the battlefields of the First World War). At 11.00 am there is a two-minute silence and wreaths are laid at the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London.
163
What is the country house owned by the Prime Minister called?
Chequers
164
Which of these was a British plane in WWII?
Hurricane
## Footnote
he most important planes used by the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain were the Spitfire and the Hurricane – which were designed and built in Britain.
165
When did many Scottish people leave for North America?
19th century
## Footnote
A process began which became known as the ‘Highland Clearances’. Many Scottish landlords destroyed individual small farms (known as ‘crofts’) to make space for large flocks of sheep and cattle. Evictions became very common in the early 19th century. Many Scottish people left for North America at this time.
166
How many AMs does the Welsh government have?
60
## Footnote
The Welsh government and National Assembly for Wales are based in Cardiff, the capital city of Wales. The National Assembly (Senedd) consists of 60 elected Assembly members (AMs) and elections are held every four years using a form of proportional representation. Members can speak in either Welsh or English and all of the Assembly’s publications are in both languages.
167
Who is Sir Chris Hoy?
a scottish cyclist
168
How many colonies were granted independence in 1947?
9
169
What does the York Minster have?
Stained Glass
## Footnote
York Minster had windows of stained glass, telling stories about the Bible and Christian saints.
170
When were the last Welsh rebellions defeated?
15th Century
171
How many National Parks are there in the UK?
15
## Footnote
There are 15 national parks in England, Wales and Scotland. They are areas of protected countryside that everyone can visit, and where people live, work and look after the landscape.
172
What tools did the Bronze age people introduce?
Ornaments and weapons
173
As per 2021 survey, what percentage of Wales and England identified as Muslim?
6%
## Footnote
Islam is the second largest religion in the United Kingdom. The 2021 Census results released so far show a population of 3,868,133 (6.5%) in England and Wales (from a total sampled 60 million). 46% of people identified themselves as Christian. Much smaller proportions identified themselves as Hindu (2%), Sikh (1%), Jewish or Buddhist (both around 0.5%), 0.5% of people followed another religion and 37% stated not to follow any religion.
174
Who appoints the local Chief Constable?
Police and Crime Commissioners
175
What was ‘Shampooing’ when it was first introduced?
The Indian art of head massage
176
Who wrote music for King George I?
George Frederick Handel
177
What is meant by ‘common law’?
Following previous decisions
## Footnote
In England, judges developed ‘common law’ by a process of precedence (that is, following previous decisions) and tradition. In Scotland, the legal system developed slightly differently and laws were ‘codified’ (that is, written down).
178
Who won gold medals for ice dancing at the Olympic Games in 1984?
Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean
179
The Civil War in 1642 split the country into which two groups?
The Roundheads and the Cavaliers
180
What is Richard Arkwright remembered for?
Efficiently running factories
## Footnote
Born in 1732, Arkwright originally trained and worked as a barber. He was able to dye hair and make wigs. When wigs became less popular, he started to work in textiles. He improved the original carding machine. Arkwright is particularly remembered for the efficient and profitable way that he ran his factories.
181
Who led the team of scientists to ‘split the atom’ for the first time?
Ernest Rutherford
## Footnote
Scientists led by Ernest Rutherford, working at Manchester and then Cambridge University, were the first to ‘split the atom’ and took part in the Manhattan Project in the United States, which developed the atomic bomb.
182
Who was R. A. Butler?
A Conservative MP
## Footnote
Richard Austen Butler (later Lord Butler) was born in 1902. He became a Conservative MP in 1923 and held several positions before becoming responsible for education in 1941.
183
What is the only major golf tournament held outside of the US?
The Open Championship
184
Who was the first ‘Scottish King’?
Kenneth MacAlpin
## Footnote
In the north, the threat of attack by Vikings had encouraged the people to unite under one king, Kenneth MacAlpin. The term Scotland began to be used to describe that country.
185
How many members does the Scottish Parliament have?
129
186
What was an important English export in the Middle Ages?
Wool
## Footnote
English wool became a very important export in the middle ages. People came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Many had special skills, such as weavers from France, engineers from Germany, glass manufacturers from Italy and canal builders from Holland.
187
Who designed New Delhi to be the seat of government in India?
Sir Edwin Lutyens
## Footnote
In the 20th century, Sir Edwin Lutyens had an influence throughout the British Empire. He designed New Delhi to be the seat of government in India. He was responsible for many war memorials throughout the world, including the Cenotaph in Whitehall.
188
When did the Irish Free State become a republic?
1949
## Footnote
In 1922 Ireland became two countries. The six counties in the north which were mainly Protestant remained part of the UK under the name Northern Ireland. The rest of Ireland became the Irish Free State. It had its own government and became a republic in 1949.
189
How many people lost their lives in the decades after 1969 due to violence in Northern Ireland?
3,000
190
Who should you write to if you wish to make a complaint about the Police?
The Chief Constable
