Practice Exam 1 Flashcards by jerry Coughlin

When cutting through a tree with a chainsaw or drilling into a tree you would pass through in order:

A) bark, cambium, phloem, xylem
B) bark, phloem, cambium, xylem
C) bark, cambium, xylem, phloem
D) bark, xylem, phloem, Cambium

B) bark, phloem, cambium, xylem

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If the terminal Bud is removed in pruning:

A) growth may be stimulated in lateral buds
B) flowering is stimulated to enhanced fruit production
C) the branch will die back
D) all of the above

A) growth may be stimulated in lateral buds

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The growth rings of many trees:

A) are visible because of the rapid growth rate of earlywood relative to Latewood
B) can be counted to approximate a tree’s age
C) can give information about growing conditions in previous years
D) all of the above

D) all of the above

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Which layer of cells is responsible for outward trunk growth and increased girth of a tree:

A) cambium
B) pith
C) epidermis
D) cortex

A) cambium

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Mycorrhizae are:

A) collar-rot fungi
B elongated underground stamps producing sucker sprouts
C) a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots
D) cells in which photosynthesis takes place

C) a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots

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Douglasfir (pseudotsuga menziesii) differs from balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in that

A) They are not in the same genus
B) they are not in the same family
C) Douglasfir is actually a type of hemlock
D) balsam Fir is not a conifer

A) They are not in the same genus

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When 2 leaves and/or buds are located at the same node on a twig the arrangement is called

A) opposite
B) alternate
C) whorled
D) compound

A) opposite

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Select the scientific name that is written correctly

A) Quercus Rubra
B) Quercus rubra
C) quercus Rubra
D) quercus rubra

B) Quercus rubra

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Which genus of trees usually does not have an opposite leaf arrangement

A) Acer (maples)
B) Fraxinus (ash)
C) Quercus (oak)
D) Cornus (dogwood)

C) Quercus (oak)

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Which conifers have needles in bundles

A) hemlocks
B) firs
C) pines
D) spruces

C) pines

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Most of the fine absorbing roots are typically found near the soil surface because

A) roots grow where conditions are favorable
B) roots need UV light to drive respiration
C) the PH of the soil is generally higher near the surface
D) phosphorus and potassium are more available

A) roots grow where conditions are favorable

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Micro-organisms tend to congregate in the Rhizosphere, in part, because

A) sugar exudates from root tips are a source of food
B) mycorrhizae fix nitrogen and make it available
C) root hairs tend to collect cations essential to micro-organism growth
D) bacteria preferentially feed on the meristem tissue at the root tips

A) sugar exudates from root tips are a source of food

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If a planting a hole in a clay soil site is backfilled with sandy soil

A) drainage will be improved, helping the tree to establish
B) nutrients will be more available to the newly established roots within the planting hole
C) water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole
D) the improved texture of the backfill will reduce the chances of girdling roots forming later

C) water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole

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When soil is compacted

A) micropores combined to form macropores
B) soil particles are broken up, giving the soil a finer texture
C) a high water content will reduce the damaging effects
D) total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced

D) total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced

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A characteristic of sandy soils in arid regions is that they

A) tend to become alkaline,and salts build-up due to the lack of heavy rainfall

B) tend to become acid because basic ions leach out

C) are fine in texture due to the high sand content

D) have a high water holding capacity because rainfall is scarce

A) tend to become alkaline, and salts build-up due to the lack of heavy rainfall

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When irrigating trees,

A) infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings

B) the most beneficial and efficient time to water is mid-afternoon at peak sunlight

C) the foliage should be kept wet at night to reduce transpiration

D) keeping the soil moist at the root flare reduces girdling root formation

A) infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings

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Sandy soils

A) have a greater water-holding capacity then clay soils

B) have higher infiltration rates than clay soils

C) do not ever reach field capacity because drainage is good

D) all of the above

B) have higher infiltration rates than clay soils

A soil is at field capacity when

A) it is completely saturated

B) the permanent wilting point has been reached

C) gravitational water has drained away

D) there is no water available to the roots

C) gravitational water has drained away

With sprinkler irrigation

A) less frequent waterings of longer duration will reduce the likelihood of salt build-up

B) water hitting the soil surface can lead to crusting

C) application rates that exceed absorption can lead to runoff

D) all of the above

In sites where poor drainage can be a problem, which of the following will not help insure plant survival?

A) careful plant selection and shallow planting

B) improvement of surface drainage by changing the grade or trenching

C) installation of drain tiles

D) placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with backfilling with a sandy soil

D) planting gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and back filling with a sandy soil

An 80 pound bag of 10-6-4 fertilizer contains how many pounds of actual nitrogen?

A) 6

B) 8

C) 10

D) 4

B) 8

A complete fertilizer contains

A) all 16 essential elements

B) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

C) organic and inorganic nitrogen

D) equal amounts of N, P and K

B) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

A tree may not respond immediately to fertilizer application if

A) slow-release fertilizer was applied

B) there is inadequate soil moisture

C) the tree is not actively growing

D) all of the above

A soil test may not identify a nutrient deficiency problem in a plant because

A) the tests are not reliable

B) the nutrient content can change after collecting

C) The soil may contain adequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake

D) no one knows which levels of nutrients in soils are adequate

C) The soil may contain adequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake

Sulfur-coated urea or urea formaldehyde is sometimes included in nitrogen fertilizers because A) slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desired B) the soil PH must be adjusted to optimize nutrient uptake C) the soil's buffering capacity may inhibit nitrogen absorption D) urea is a good natural source of phosphorus

A) slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desired

The climatic factor that determines hardiness zones is A) North - South location B) temperature, rainfall and winds C) East - West location D) low temperature extremes

D) low temperature extremes

Trees to be planted under utility Linis utility lines should be A) tolerant of heavy top pruning B) low-growing to remain below the lines C) vase-shaped or overarching overarching to clear conductors D) all of the above

B) low-growing to remain below the lines

Some trees acclamate to shade conditions by A) developing larger leaves B) developing thinner leaves C) variegated foliage losing variegation or colored foliage tending to be greener D) any or all of the above

D) any or all of the above

Fastigiate trees have a growth form that is A) upright B) weeping C) overarching D) vase-shaped

A) upright

Which of the following is a true statement? A) flood plain species will always grow well in wet soils B) forest understory plants tend to make good street trees because they don't grow tall C) some species are adapted to hot, dry or bright light conditions with small, thick foliage and sunken stomata D) most Evergreen conifers are very shade tolerant and tend to scorch in full sunlight

C) some species are adapted to hot, dry or bright light conditions with small, thick foliage and sunken stomata

Staking or guying when planting a tree is A) done only for bare-root trees B) not necessary for trees greater than 6 inches diameter C) Not always required or necessary D) For promoting a larger and stronger root system and better trunk taper

C) Not always the required or necessary

Planting a row of palms at various depths to create a row of uniform height A) will not be harmful as long as the soil is sandy and well drained B) can lead to death of the deeply planted trees C) Is acceptable due to the deep rooting of palms D) is recommended to achieve deep rooting in sandy soils

B) can lead to death of the deeply planted trees

Placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole in a clay soil site will A) improve drainage B) prevent the formation of girdling roots C) restrict soil space and create a perched water table D) improve aeration and water infiltration

C) restrict soil space and create a perched water table

When planting a container-grown tree A) separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation B) place soft fill in the bottom of the planting hole to encourage tap root growth C) Backfill the hole with a soilless growth medium to encourage root growth D) none of the above

A) separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation

The most important reason to prune a tree when transplanting is too A) compensate for root loss B) invigorate the tree C) Reduce growth at the tips D) remove structurally weak or damaged branches

D) remove structurally weak or damaged branches

When pruning young trees it is important to train for a dominant leader in well-spaced scaffold branches so that A) future pruning can be minimized B) the tree will be structurally strong C) codominant branching can be avoided D) all of the above

D) all of the above

To prune trees that flower on the previous year's growth and maximize flowering, you should prune A) anytime during the dormant season B) shortly after flowering C) in late summer after seed formation D) in the fall just after leaf drop

B) shortly after flowering

When pruning a branch from a tree the final cut should be A) flush with the parent stem B) at a 45 degree angle to the parent stem C) parallel to the branch bark ridge D) just outside the branch collar

D) just outside the branch collar

When it comes to pruning as a rule mature trees are A) more tolerant of extremes than young trees B) capable of tolerating heading C) not tolerant of severe pruning D) unlikely to produce waterspouts

C) not tolerant of severe pruning

If the height of a tree must be reduced A) branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume the terminal roll B) all cuts should be made at internodes to avoid cutting through buds C) the tree should be root pruned to compensate for foliage loss D) all of the above

A) branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume the terminal roll