Practice Exam 1 Review

Question 1

Bronsted-Lowry vs. Arrhenius vs. Lewis and base

Answer 1

B-L base: accepts a proton
B-L acid: donates a proton

A base: increases [OH] in water
A acid: increases [H] in water

L base: e- donor
L acid: e- acceptor

Question 2

what is a strong electrolyte?

what are some examples?

Answer 2

any solute that ionizes (dissolves) completely in a solution.

ex. strong acids, strong bases, ionic salts

Question 3

what are the seven strong acids i should know for the DAT?

Answer 3

so i brought no clean clean clothes

1. H2SO4
2. HI
3. HBr
4. HNO3
5. HClO3
6. HClO4
7. HCl

Question 4

what are the 5 strong bases i should memorize for the DAT?

Answer 4

oh sir, megan can ball

1. group 1 metal hydroxides
2. Mg(OH)2
3. Ca(OH)2
4. Sr(OH)2
5. Ba(OH)2

Question 5

what are three neutral cations that i should know for the DAT, and why should i know them?

Answer 5

1. group 1 metals
2. group 2 metals
3. metals with +1 charge

these salts don’t change water’s pH

Question 6

what are 6 neutral anions that i should know for the DAT, and why should i know them?

Answer 6

i brought no clean clean clothes, just without the hydrogen!

I-
Br-
NO3-
ClO3-
ClO4-
Cl-

Question 7

precision vs. accuracy?

Answer 7

aCCuracy: describes the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value.

Close to Correct

preCisiOn is defined as the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.

Close to Others

Question 8

oxidizing agents _____ electrons from other compounds

Answer 8

accept

Question 9

reducing agents _______ electrons from other compounds

Answer 9

take

Question 10

what are the three most abundant elements in the universe?

what’s the most abundant element in the earth’s crust?

Answer 10

hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. in that order.

oxygen.

Question 11

how would you determine which is the reducing agent in this equation?

Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

Answer 11

a reducing agent reduces another molecule and is oxidized. meaning, it loses electrons.

if we count the oxidation numbers, we see that Zn goes from an oxidation number of 0 to +2, meaning it loses electrons -> is oxidized -> is the reducing agent.

Question 12

how is a combustion reaction usually defined?

Answer 12

a compound (generally a hydrocarbon) is combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 13

what are the three path functions that i should know for the dat? what does that mean about the rest of the functions?

Answer 13

work.
heat.
heat capacity.

that means the rest are state functions!