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Practice Final Flashcards

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1
Q

In vaccination, both antibody and T cell responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

In vaccination, only antibody responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

False

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3
Q

In vaccination, only T cell responses seem to depend on the innate immune system. (T/F)

A

False

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4
Q

Immunity acquired through passive immunotherapy is best described by?

A

Transfer of antibodies formed by immune individual or animal

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5
Q
  1. In active immunization how can effectiveness be checked?
A

By measuring neutrophil levels in the blood

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6
Q

In order to produce memory killer T cells with a vaccine, which of the following is true?

A

Infected cell must present antigen on MHC I

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7
Q

Most vaccines are believed to confer protection through what mechanism?

A

Neutralizing antibodies

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8
Q

Adjuvants may trigger autoimmune responses that may lead to autoimmune disease. (T/F)

A

True

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9
Q

What is the most common adjuvant in human vaccines?

A

Aluminum

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10
Q

Tetanus vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Toxoid vaccine

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11
Q

Diptheria vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Toxoid vaccine

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12
Q

Small Pox, Measles, Mumps, Rubbella vaccines are an example of which of the following?

A

Attenuated vaccine

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13
Q

Hep B vaccine is an example of which of the following?

A

Recombinant gene vaccine (subunit)

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14
Q

Flu, Tyhpoid Fever, Pertursiss vaccines are an example of which of the following?

A

Killed vaccine

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15
Q

Transfer of preformed antibodies from mother to fetus can confer what type of immunity?

A

Passive (also animal antisera)

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16
Q

Recover from disease always leads to immunity. (T/F)

A

false

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17
Q

Which of the cytokines is anti-inflammatory?

A

IL-10

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18
Q

The yellow fever vaccine activates multiple toll like receptors on dendritic cells(T/F)

A

True

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19
Q

In an allergic response, the what cells contribute to the response in what order from fastest to slowest?

A

mast cells > basophils > eosinophils

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20
Q

In an allergic response, the what cells contribute to the response in what order from slowest to fastest?

A

eosinophils > basophils >mast cell

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21
Q

Contact with soil microbes early in life is thought to be associated with?

A

Shift to Th-1 bias; from the Th2 Bias assoicated with mothers/fetuses

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22
Q

Avoidance of Contact with soil microbes early in life is thought to be associated with?

A

Allergies and Asthma

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23
Q

Atopic Allergies are associated with which Th bias?

A

Th2 (IgE) (IL-4, IL05, IL-13 & inflammation)

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24
Q

Non Atopic alergies are assocaited with which Th bias?

A

TH1 (IgG Ab) (TNF, IL-2)

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25
what has been observed influencing autoimmune diseases frequently following what event?
infections
26
What is associated with aluminum intake?
Anemia & Inflammation
27
Which diseases thats vaccinated is most common in this day and age?
Rotavirus
28
Which vaccines are common?
``` Pneumococcus; Rotavirus (MC) Varicella HPV Influenze ```
29
HIV, what allows the virus to evade the immune system defenses?
High mutation rate
30
Measles outbreaks have occurred in highly vaccinated populations.
True
31
what percentage is needed for heard immunity? Which is a common perecnt?
70% minimum; 85% common
32
The majority of individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)
Fasle
33
5-10% individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)
True
34
The majority of individuals are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will develop an active TB infection in their lifetime. (T/F)
Fasle (1/3 infected)
35
What is an acute potentially life-threatening complication of an infection than can lead to multiple organ failure?
Sepsis
36
Single gene mutation can cause immunodeficiency?
True (results in non-functioning CD40 on B cells, or Cd40L on T helpers) No class switching therefore mainly Igm
37
DeGeorge Syndrome is associated with?
No T cell Function
38
Serve Immunodifficeiny Sydrome (SCIDSS) is associated with?
(B/Tcell non-functioning)
39
Which immune cells have never been shown to have antitumor effects?
Mast cells
40
Which immune cells have been shown to have antitumor and tumour effects?
B cells Neutrophils Macrophages
41
Which immune cells have never been shown to have protumor effects?
Natural killer cells
42
What is it about the human immunodeficiency virus that allows it to successfully evade our immune system?
High mutation rate
43
If a particular genetic defect has never been observed in humans, what would you conclude?
It is lethal
44
What immune cells are quick acting, recognize diverse target structures, and in vitro have been shown to destroy some cancer cells?
Natural killer cells
45
What immune cells are quick acting, recognize diverse target structures, and in vitro and vivo(mouse) have been shown to destroy some cancer cells?
Macrophages
46
What is the function of RAG-2 protein?
Necessary to assemble both B and T cell receptors
47
In humans with cancer, higher lymphocyte counts associated with tumor are associated with longer survival.(T/F)
True
48
What is a common cause of cancer?
Multiple mutations (usually 2)
49
What increases cancer risks?
Chronic Infection
50
What are examples of a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
``` Hemolytic Anemia (RBC phagocytosis) Rheamtoid Heart Disease ```
51
What are examples of a type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Arthus Reactions | Lupus
52
What are examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Allergies
53
What are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) TB, Fungi, Viruses, Bactera, Poison Ivy (dermatitis), Chrons Cell Meadiated Cytotoxicity Viral Hepititis/ Rejection of organs
54
What are the name/antibodies of type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Immediate/Allergies; IgE | 54% of pop affected
55
What are the name/antibodies of type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Antibody Mediated; IgG/IgM Complement; Antibody dependant cytotoxicity
56
What are the name/antibodys of type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Immune Complex mediated; IgM and or IgG *inflamation; remote & localized (arthus reactions)
57
What are the name/antibodys of type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Tcell Mediated; Delayed Type Hyper. Cd4 + T helpers (TH1 and INFy) Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity CD8 + Killer T (perforin/granemzye B)
58
What hypersensitivity is T cell mediated?
Type IV
59
What when stimulated, can shut down inflammation by inhibiting cytokine release from macrophages?
Vagus nerve
60
What is the source of acetylcholine that binds to macrophages in the spleen, attenuating the cytokine release associated with inflammation?
Chat + T cells in the spleen
61
Most “flus” are associated with infection with influenza organism (T/F)
False | on slide w/flu Vaccines; ferbrile seizures, Severe allergies, Guillene Bare Syndome
62
Vagal nerve stimulation improved survival in mice with peritonitis associated with perforation of intestines.(T/F)
True
63
Animals deficient in what are exquisitely sensitive to inflammatory challenges because they overproduce cytokines?
``` Vagal nerve activity Vitamen D (lack of control) ```
64
A increase in heart rate variability is associated with which of the following?
Increased parasympathetic tone
65
Cell migration within secondary lymphoid organs is controlled in part by neural signals.
a. True

Immuno final (1 decks)

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