Practice question reminders Flashcards
(25 cards)
What would you expect early in acute kidney injury biopsy?
M1 and neutrophils
don’t assume T cells because that requires 7-14 days to induce adaptive immune response.
What CD and IL is known for cells of the innate immunity? I.e. macrophage
what about NK?
CD14 and IL-10 (macrophages produce IL-10)
CD56, but they produce IFN-gamma, not IL-10
Co-staining what will identify Th1 cells?
Th2?
anti-IFN-gamma + anti-CD4
anti-IL-4 and Anti-CD4
If you have an “unrelated donor”, what’s going to happen?
without immunosuppression, chronic rejection is most likely.
long term success needs immunosuppression.
If HLA doesn’t match and it’s unrelated, without immunosuppression what kind of rejection are we going to see?
hyperacute or acute
Which mechanism is most important for retaining Na and Water during an acute, severe hemorrhage?
Sympathetic stimulation
After you ingest a bunch of potassium, what are blood K+ levels and where is it stored?
normal, muscle cell (ICF)
What shifts K+ into the cell after a meal?
Insulin
Vitamin D deficient, what do you expect your calcium levels to be?
hypocalcemia
hypercalcemia and what is related?
maligmancy
What serum marker is elevated in AKI?
Creatinine
What cytokines induce the creation of M2 macrophages?
IL-4, IL-13
Chronic rejection of a kidney has what kind of cytokines being secreted?
IL-10, TGF-B
these are done by M2
Alkalosis vs acidosis, which decreases K+ secretion?
Acidosis
Higher PTH does what to Mg reabsorption?
increases
ethylene glycol is in which mnemonic, what would it cause?
high anion gap metabolic acidosis
respiratory compensation of hyperventilation
Type 2 hypersensitivity involves which immunoglobulins and antigens?
Type 3?
Type 4?
IgG/IgM, cell bound antigen
IgG/IgM, soluble antigen
T cells and either cell bound or soluble antigen
HLA 1 vs HLA 2 testing for matches?
HLA1 = donor cells + recipient serum + dye
HLA2 = donor cells + radioactivity + H-thymidine
what are you looking for during HLA2 testing?
no recipient cell proliferation, no radioactivity incorporated into recipient cell
Where is K+ secreted or reabsorbed?
late DT and cortical CD
what hormone play an important role in keeping plasma concentration of K+ within normal limits?
insulin
You inhibit angiotensin, what does it do to Na / K?
K up, Na doesn’t change
what would you expect to reduce free calcium in the plasma?
acute respiratory alkalosis..
What does Phosphate reabsorption deal with proximal tubule?
decrease reabsorption in proximal tubule.
