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Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What glia produces cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

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2
Q

What glia is in the CNS, for germs and infection

A

Microglia

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3
Q

What glia is in the CNS and makes myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

What glia is in the PNS and makes myelin

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What glia is in the CNS, and acts as a brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

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6
Q

What glia is in the PNS, and insulates ganglia

A

Satellite cells

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7
Q

Where on the neuron are neurotransmitters stored

A

Axon terminal

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8
Q

What are the detectors of the neuron called

A

Dendrite

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9
Q

What is in the cell body of a neuron

A

Organelles
Nucleus
Mitochondria

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10
Q

What division of the nervous system is responsible for generating voluntary movement

A

Somatic motor

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11
Q

What division of the nervous system is responsible for detecting touch

A

Somatic sensory

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12
Q

What division of the nervous system is responsible for detecting sensory stimuli in the body like BP

A

Visceral sensory

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13
Q

What division of the nervous system is responsible for digestive tract and autonomic

A

Visceral motor

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14
Q

What does sympathetic mean

A

Increasing energy expenditure

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15
Q

What does parasympathetic mean

A

Rest of digest to store energy

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16
Q

What physiological response is an output of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Bronchodilation

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17
Q

What physiological response is an output of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Pupil constriction
Decreased heart rate
Increased urinary output

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18
Q

What is a bipolar neuron

A

A cell with a single dendrite and single axon, separated by a cell body

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19
Q

What is a multipolar neuron

A

A cell with multiple dendrites and a single axon

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20
Q

Why is a unipolar neuron

A

A cell with a single dendrite that is directly connected ti a single axon

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21
Q

In a neuron at rest, which gradient promotes diffusion of K+ from the outside of the neuron to the inside

A

Electrical, only

Bc very (-) in cell, k+ very positive wants to move to (-)

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22
Q

In a neuron, the reversal potential for Na+ is +63 mV. What occurs at this voltage

A

Keep sodium out
No net Na+ current is observed

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23
Q

In a neuron, the reversal potential for Na+ is below +63mV. What occurs at this voltage

A

Na+ influx exceeds Na+ efflux

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24
Q

In a neuron, the reversal potential for Na+ is above +63. What occurs at this voltage

A

Na+ efflux exceeds Na+ influx

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25
If a neuron has a voltage of +80mV, what direction will Na+ (reversal potential:+63mV) likely move
Out of the cell, as a electrical gradient will be stronger than the chemical gradient
26
What is an anion
Makes someone more negative
27
What is a cation
Makes something more positive
28
Researchers have discovered a new neuron that has increased concentration of intra cellular anions (-) as compared to more neurons, but otherwise has a normal ionic distribution. What is a likely value for the resting potential of this neuron
-80 Bc typical is around -68 and anion makes more negative
29
Researchers have discovered a new neuron that has increased concentration of intra cellular cation (+)as compared to more neurons, but otherwise has a normal ionic distribution. What is a likely value for the resting potential of this neuron
-50 mV Bc -68 is normal and a cation should make more positive
30
What does it mean when the membrane potential of a neuron is -75mV
The membrane is slightly more Hyperpolarize than a typical neuron The overall charge inside the cell is more negative than outside the cell
31
What does GABA inhibit
Cl-
32
What does glutamate inhibit
Na+
33
Does GABA increase or decrease the likliehood of an action potential firing via increasing membrane permeability to Cl-
Decreases
34
What is spatial summation
Input from several presynaptic neurons
35
What is temporal summation
Involves signaling to one postsynaptic neuron
36
During the action potential, which ion movement is responsible for the transition from +35mV to -73mV
Hyperpolarizing Outward K+ movement
37
During a voltage gated action potential which ion is movement is responsible for transition from -55mV to +35mV
Inward Na+ movement
38
During a ligand action potential, which ion movement is responsible for the transition from -60 mV to +55mV
Inward Na+ movement
39
Are unmyelinated neurons fast or slow
Very slow
40
Are myelinated neurons fast or slow
Fast
41
What is the absolute refractory period
Neuron can’t generate another action potential Na+ can’t open up
42
Where are local and action potentials generated in a neuron
Dendrites and axon
43
Transport dependent movement of dopamine from the synaptic space into axon terminal is an example of what type of neurotransmitter removal?
Reuptake
44
How are signals transmitted between neurons at an electrical synapse
Ion flow from intra cellular space of one neuron to another
45
How are signals transmitted between neurons at an chemical synapse
Neurotransmitters being released from one neuron and binding ti receptors on another
46
What is nodes of ranvier
Action potential goes down myelinated axon
47
What is synaptotagmin
Ca2+ goes to it then binds to SNARES and releases neurotransmitters
48
A loss of function mutation to synaptotagmin will lead to what abnormality
Inability of synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane
49
A loss of function mutation ti synaptobrevin will lead to what abnormality
Inability to dock synaptic vesicles at a presynaptic membrane
50
What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult brain
Glutamate
51
What is glycine receptors
Inhibitory in brain stem/ spinal cord
52
What is dopamine receptors
Metabotropic can be inhibitory or excitatory -associated w addiction
53
What are serotonin receptors
If ionchannel: excitatory If metabotrophic: excitatory or inhibitory
54
What are GABA receptors
Inhibitory in brain
55
How does activation of GABAb receptor most often alter ion channel activity
Increase K+ exit from cell
56
Activation of what dopamine receptor combination is most likely ti enhance plasticity
D5 and D1 ( excitatory)
57
Which receptor is most directly associated w activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (metabotropic)
58
What are ionotropic serotonin receptors associated with
Nausea Vomiting Chemotherapy
59
What are metabotropic serotonin receptors associated with
Mood Appetite
60
What MgluR go together
1 and 5 2 and 3

Neuro (2 decks)

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