Practice questions

Question 1

factor h and I inhibit the ____

Answer 1

alternative pathway

Question 2

carboxypeptidases degrade ___

Answer 2

C3a and C5a

Question 3

C1 esterase inhibitor blocks ____

Answer 3

C1r and C1s

Question 4

what is hereditary angioneurmtic edema

Answer 4

absence of C1 esterase inhibitor and often triggering of the complement system

Question 5

LPS triggers the ______ pathway

Answer 5

alternative complement innate pathway

Question 6

what are the three components of the acute inflammatory reaction?

Answer 6

plasma proteins, plasma fluid and neutrophils

Question 7

what is J chain made by?

Answer 7

plasma cells

Question 8

what part of the IgM fixes complement?

Answer 8

constant region

Question 9

what cells are PRRs on?

Answer 9

macrophages; therefore PRRs activate phagocytosis

Question 10

TAP

Answer 10

MHC I

Question 11

affinity

Answer 11

one antibody combining site for a single antigenic determity

Question 12

where are peyers patches

Answer 12

lamina propria of gut

Question 13

neutrophils and macrophages Fc recognizes ____

Answer 13

bound IgG

Question 14

TLRs recognize ____

Answer 14

PAMPs

Question 15

an IgG molecule has

Answer 15

two identical kappa or lambda chains

Question 16

antibodies against ABO are ____

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

chemokine Il8 is most important for which step of leukocyte extravasation?

Answer 17

activation

Question 18

do gamma delta T cells undergo extensive selection in thymus

Answer 18

no

Question 19

defensins

Answer 19

oxygen independent factors produced by macrophages and neutrophils to kill microbes and eukaryotic cells ; mostly in neutrophils

Question 20

desensitization via injection is less effective for ragweed than bee sting because

Answer 20

blocking antibody is less likely to bind the allergen

Question 21

flare

Answer 21

vasodilation and blood flow incr

Question 22

wheel

Answer 22

edema resulting from histamine-induced capillary permeability

Question 23

what is the main dif between asthma and allergic rhinitis

Answer 23

asthma affects lower respiratory ; allergic rhinitis affects upper respiratory tract

Question 24

mast cells and basophils both have

Answer 24

histamine-containing granules

Question 25

mast cells and basophils both have

Answer 25

histamine-containing granules

Question 26

direct coombs

Answer 26

RBC

Question 27

indirect coombs

Answer 27

serum

Question 28

Rh +

Answer 28

Dd or DD

Question 29

Rh -

Answer 29

dd (recessive)

Question 30

D is

Answer 30

Dominant

Question 31

only ____ determines the Rh+ or - phenotype

Answer 31

D/d

Question 32

antibodies can be formed against everything except _____

Answer 32

d (null allele) | antibodies form against D, C, c, E, e

Question 33

___ is by far the most immunogenic of the Rh blood group system

Answer 33

D

Question 34

antibodies to ABO are ____

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

antibodies to ABO are ____

Answer 35

IgM

Question 36

isograft

Answer 36

to twin brother

Question 37

what type of hypersensitivity is SLE

Answer 37

III

Question 38

what are the pathogenic cytokines for SLE

Answer 38

type 1 interferons

Question 39

is diabetes B or T cell mediated?

Answer 39

T cell mediated

Question 40

what kind of Th response is diabetes?

Answer 40

Th1 and type 4 hypersensitivity

Question 41

what are the main pathogenic cytokines in RA

Answer 41

TNF alpha and Il6

Question 42

B cell mediated autoimmune conditions

Answer 42

SLE, myasthenia gravis

Question 43

what disease is due to stimulating autoantibodies

Answer 43

graves

Question 44

what disease is due to blocking antibodies

Answer 44

myasthenia gravis

Question 45

ICOS

Answer 45

inducible costimulatory molecule; not present in resting T cells, only in activated T cells and is especially important for Tfh (Tfh have CXCR5 and ICOS to help travel to germinal centers and help B cells)

Question 46

where is ICOS-L

Answer 46

APC

Question 47

mixed lymphocyte reaction

Answer 47

determine how strong a potential transplant recipients immune system will react to donor organ

Question 48

why do drug resistant bacteria have lower fitness?

Answer 48

the drugs will target necessary aspects of replication/life cycle; therefore, in order to avoid drug toxicity, it must have modified one of its own critical functions, therefore making it have lower fitness as compared to WT in hospitals tho, many patients are on antibiotics and so the WT is wiped out in most of them, and then the drug resistant bacteria can flourish

Question 49

what is iron important for

Answer 49

rapid bacterial growth

Question 50

major scavengers of apoptotic cells

Answer 50

maacrophages

Question 51

cross-presentation

Answer 51

activation of CD8+ T cells, recognizing MHC I, of dendritic cell Ag generated in eptithelial cell

Question 52

what kind of antigen does cross presentation present

Answer 52

exogenous antigen

Question 53

enterococcus faecalis

Answer 53

gram positive bacteria that causes nosocomial infections that are VRE; takes advantage of antibiotics to displace commensal strains with antibiotic resistant pathogens

Question 54

c diff

Answer 54

spore forming; anaerobic; gram +; can be found in healthy indv; often secondary to antibiotic use;

Question 55

conformational determinants are recognized by

Answer 55

B cells

Question 56

linear determinants are recognized by

Answer 56

B and T cells

Question 57

What kind of determinants can B cells recognize?

Answer 57

conformational and linear

Question 58

What kind of determinants can T cells recognize?

Answer 58

only linear

Question 59

Microbial superantigens bind multiple T cell receptors via the

Answer 59

beta chain

Question 60

typically, how many HLA haplotypes are possible in children of same father and mother?

Answer 60

4

Question 61

What does the association constant determine

Answer 61

the STRENGTH of antigen binding to antibody

Question 62

acute infections characterized by

Answer 62

neutrophils

Question 63

chronic infections characterized by

Answer 63

macrophages

Question 64

what diseases can CGD handle?

Answer 64

strep and hemophilus

Question 65

what diseases can't CGD handle?

Answer 65

staph, eccoli, candida albicans

Question 66

antigen receptor editing contributes to what kind of tolerance

Answer 66

central

Question 67

macrophages make

Answer 67

IL12 and nitric oxide and Il8 and IL1

Question 68

whats imp abt Salmonella Typhimurium

Answer 68

type 3 secretion system

Question 69

classic example of necessary

Answer 69

HIV and development of AIDS

Question 70

what chain do super antigens bind to?

Answer 70

B