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Practice Somm Test Questions/Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Hectoliter

A
  • 26.42 gallons
  • 133 bottles
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2
Q

Cahors principal grape

A

Malbec

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3
Q

# of champagne growers in the Champagne region

A

19,000

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4
Q

# of champagne growers in the Champagne region

A

19,000

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5
Q

4 Main wines from Cote Chalonnaise, Burgundy

A

Givry, mercurey, montagny, and rully

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6
Q

RM (recoltant manipulant)
Champagne Region

A

Champagne house that buys grapes and grows their own

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7
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon region in France

A

Bordeaux

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8
Q

French region where Gamay is the main grape

A

Beaujolais

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9
Q

Grape color in blanc de blanc champagne

A

White

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10
Q

Town of Riquewihr region, France

A

Alsace

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11
Q

Chablis grape

A

Chardonnay

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12
Q

Highest quality category on Italian scale

A

DOCG—denominazione di origine controllata e garantita

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13
Q

Proper serving temperature of vintage port

A

64-68 degrees

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14
Q

Gavi DOCG grape

A

Cortese

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15
Q

Free run juice

A

Juice that drains without pressing from mass of fresh crushed grapes

*lower tannins than pressed wine

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16
Q

Rioja

A

Spanish wine region
Red wine capital
Most wine produced
Main grapes: tempranillo and garnacha
Buying: level, style, and reputation of winemaker
Varieties are not on label

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17
Q

Spanish wine laws and # of designated regions

A

Denominacion de origen (DO)

71 DO regions, 2 DOC currently

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18
Q

Vin de pays d’Oc region

A

Languedoc-roussillon

Region covers all wines that aren’t made under strict AOC laws

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19
Q

Baden region main grape

A

Spatburgunder (Pinot noir)

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20
Q

Eiswein

A

“Ice wine” in German
Dessert wine produced from grapes that have frozen while still on the vine

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21
Q

Vendange Tardive (VT)

A

Means late harvest in French
Style of dessert wine where the grapes are allowed to hang on vine until they start to dehydrate
Produces rich, full-bodied wines

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22
Q

Ripasso

A

“Repassed”
Veneto region practice where young valpolicella wine is put in previously used amarone barrel to achieve secondary fermentation
*adds complexity

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23
Q

Alsace’s most distinctive grape

A

Gewurztraminer

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24
Q

Single quinta port

A

Highest quality port from a single harvest and single estate (quinta)
Not as high quality as vintage port which is determined at harvest
Both types are bottled and aged the same way, however single quinta port can be drunk immediately

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25
Aglianico
Red grape in southern Italy Major wine produced is Taurasi “the powerhouse wine” Full-body
26
Native grapes of Spain
White: Albariño, Verdejo, macabeo, and carinena Red: Tempranillo, garnacha, and monastrell
27
France’s 4 major white wine regions
Alsace, Loire valley, Bordeaux, burgundy
28
3 AVAs overlapping Washington and Oregon
Columbia valley, walla walla valley, and Columbia gorge
29
Multiple parallel fermentation
Starch converting to sugar converting to alcohol-same time, same vessel
30
Largest Australian appellation
South eastern Australia Super Zone
31
“Passito”
Italian term for dried grape wine
32
Major South African wine geographic units (5)
Western cape Northern cape Eastern cape Kwazulu-natal Limpopo
33
Madeira and sherry necessary storage orientation
Must be upright, alcohol can erode cork
34
Vouvray wine characteristics
Loire valley region Known as the “chameleon” because it can be sweet, semi sweet, or dry 100% chenin blanc Pairs well with fruit and cheese
35
of Beaujolais crus
10
36
Russian czar Nicholas II’s favorite champagne
Cristal
37
Year the “official classification of classed growth” of Bordeaux wines came to be
1855
38
Remueur role
Riddle champagne bottles to get lees to the cork
39
Main white grape in Middle Loire
Chenin blanc
40
3 grapes used to make champagne
Chardonnay Pinot noir Pinot meunier
41
Beaujolais primary grape
Gamay
42
Famous monk who supposedly put bubbles in champagne
Dom perignon
43
German varietal Silvaner’s parent grapes
Traminer and Oesterreichisch Weiss
44
New system to replace AOC laws
“Appellation d’orogine protege” Meant to help align EU countries
45
Result of having certain fish with super tannic wine
Metallic taste
46
Region with corbieres and st. chinian AOCs
Languedoc-roussillon
47
“Einzellage”
Single vineyard in Germany
48
Sancerre wine characteristics
Loire valley region Strikes a balance between muscadet and pouilly-fume (other major wines produced there) 100% Sauvignon blanc Pairs well with shellfish
49
Wines with high alcohol and ripe, tropical fruit notes are generally from
New world regions with warmer climates
50
IBU
International bitterness unit Bitterness can be achieved by adding hops to beer
51
Alcohol boil temperature
173 degrees
52
Prohibition years
1919-1933
53
“Cremant”
Term for sparking wines using the same technique as champagne but from outside champagne region
54
3 cava grapes
Macabeo Parellada Xarel-lo
55
Assyrtiko
Santorini white grape (Greece) High acidity, citrus notes
56
Pinotage varietal’s “parent grapes”
Pinot noir Cinsault
57
Chinon blends - Loire valley Primary grape
Cabernet franc
58
Tete de cuvée
French term meaning “top batch” or “top blend” Describes the very best/most expensive champagne bottlings Almost always vintage champagnes
59
Mesoclimate
The climate of a site as influenced by elevation, aspect, slope, proximity to bodies of water
60
Muscadet wine characteristics
Loire valley Light, dry wine made from 100% melon de bourgogne grapes Pairs well with shellfish, clams, and oysters
61
Vinho verde
DOC region in Portugal Grapes (white): trajadura, alvarinho, and loureiro
62
4 noble grapes of Alsace
Riesling Pinot gris Muscat Gewurztraminer
63
Sparkling wine “Charmat Method”
Second fermentation takes place in pressurized tank instead of the bottle \*less lees contact—coarser bubbles
64
Spain’s smallest wine region
Priorat
65
Frascati DOC region
Roma/lazio, Italy
66
Most planted grape in champagne region
Pinot noir
67
Name of river nearby where hermitage is produced
Rhone river
68
Highest volume wine from Loire valley
Muscadet
69
“The widow” champagne
Veuve Clicquot
70
Mosel valley primary grape
Riesling
71
Cerasuolo di vittoria
DOCG in Italy 2 red grapes: Nero d’avola and frappato
72
“Riddling”
Gradual movement of expired yeast cells to bottleneck by remueurs or machines
73
Italian region with very fine sparkling wine like champagne
Franciacorta, Lombardy
74
Grenache also known by
Garnacha
75
Mosel valley dominant soil type
Slate
76
of Italian grape varieties
1300+
77
Blanc de noirs grapes
Pinot noir and Pinot meunier
78
% of rice polished required at daiginjo (best) level of sake
Minimum of 50%
79
Soil in Jerez DO, Spain 3 types/character
Albariza-chalky Barros-clay Arenas-sandy
80
Sulfur dioxide in wine
Most common compound in winemaking 2 purposes: prevents wine from reacting with oxygen and inhibits growth of bacteria and wild yeasts
81
Tartrates
“Wine diamonds” Formed from tartaric acid which is naturally occurring in all wines—provides structure, balance, and flavor 1 of 3 kinds of acid in wine
82
“Entre deux mers”
Large sub-region in Bordeaux Means between two seas however in this case they mean two rivers (garonne + dordogne) Appellation produces only white wines
83
New Zealand Sauvignon blanc region
Marlborough
84
“Liquer de tirage”
Mixture of wine, sugar, and yeast added to sparkling wines to cause secondary fermentation that induces carbonation
85
Dominant white grape of Rías Baixas
Albariño
86
Bordeaux region climate
Maritime
87
Chaptalization
Addition of grape sugar before fermentation Used in cool regions where full ripeness is tough to achieve
88
Side you serve customers from
Their right
89
Nigori
Unfiltered sake
90
Flor
Type of yeast used for making biologically aged sherries Flor grows on wine barrel surface and lives off nutrients and acidity
91
First growths of the Medoc | (5)
Chateau lafite-rothschild Chateau latour Chateau mouton-rothschild Chateau margeaux Chateau haut-brion
92
Microclimate
Climate in a very restricted space of position as small as a single vine
93
City of Dijon region
Burgundy, France
94
Lesser known grape often used in champagne region besides Pinot noir and Chardonnay
Pinot meunier
95
As white wines age they | (appearance-wise)
Get darker and often have brown tones
96
Saint-Emilion (Bordeaux) classification levels
Premier grand cru classe A Premier grand cru classe B Grand cru classe
97
Botrytis affected grapes must
Be harvested by hand due to uneven spread, multiple trips must be taken to only harvest affected grapes each time
98
“Garden of France” region
Loire valley
99
Quality species of grapevine for producing wine
Vitis vinifera
100
Scotch region known for strongest flavored whiskies with brine and peat
Islay and the islands
101
Touriga nacional grape used in
Many top port blends Well-known still, red wines
102
Location of heavier, more alcoholic malbecs in Argentina
Valley floor
103
Taurasi wine grape
Aglianico
104
Canopy management
Useful in hotter climates to avoid heavier, alcohol heavy, non-elegant wines while waiting for grapes to ripen
105
Fullest body Syrah/Shiraz region of Australia
Barossa
106
Cote-rotie AOC
Northern Rhone Made up of 2 sections: cote brune and cote blonde Only red wines produced made from Syrah grapes and up to 20% of the white grape viognier for its aroma
107
“The judgement of Paris”
Famous wine tasting in 1976 where California wines bested their French counterparts
108
“Bordeaux mixture”
Lime and copper solution sprayed on vines as fungicide
109
% of red wine produced in burgundy region
30%
110
Year first New Zealand Sauvignon blanc was sold
1974
111
“Weissburgunder”
German for Pinot blanc
112
“Grosses gewachs”
VDP term to identify dry wines of the highest quality/top vineyards
113
Ripasso
Process of adding grape skins to young valpolicella wines and fermenting to make them richer
114
Carbonic maceration
Method in Beaujolais to maintain fresh fruit character of Gamay
115
Grand cru meaning left and right bank of Bordeaux
Legal meaning is different between the 2 banks
116
Bordeaux area that produces Chateau Lafite
Pauillac
117
2 main towns in champagne region
Reims and Epernay
118
French region known for putting varietal on front label
Alsace
119
Hectare
2.471 acres
120
Approximate # of French AOC wines
465+
121
% of wines in France with AOC designation
35%
122
South African name for Chenin Blanc
Steen
123
Sauternes grapes
Semillon and Sauvignon blanc
124
Vouvray grape
Chenin blanc
125
Agiorgitiko
Red grape Most planted grape in Greece
126
Classic Umbrian white wine
Orvietto
127
Chianti Classico symbol
Black rooster
128
Oldest wine estate in Piedmont
Borgogno Barolo
129
Valpolicella grown near
Lake garda
130
Savennieres
Anjou sub-region in Loire valley Known for dry wines from Chenin blanc
131
Valdobbiadene
Town in veneto, Italy Wine growing area Cool climate Home of the best Prosecco (extra dry sparkling white)
132
Albariño producing region
Galicia, Rias Baixas, Spain
133
Rueda region (Spain) white grape
Verdejo
134
Mosel valley region primary grape
Riesling
135
California produces what percentage of the total US wines produced
90%
136
Most successful red and white varietals in New York
Riesling and Cabernet Franc
137
Chateauneuf du Pape AOC
Southern rhone AOC 13 grapes grown/used in their wines: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre (GSM), bourboulenc, cinsault, clairette, counoise, muscardin, picardin, picpoul, roussanne, terret noir, vaccarese Red, white, and rose wines produced
138
GSM stands for
Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre grapes Predominant grapes in chateneuf du pape and other southern Rhone AOCs
139
Grapes in sweet Madeira
Bual and Verdelho
140
5 red grapes of Bordeaux
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Cabernet Franc Malbec (Cot) Petit Verdot
141
Grape that put Oregon on the map
Pinot noir
142
of native varieties in Italy
500+
143
Chateau Cheval Blanc
Wine producer Saint-Emilion, Bordeaux “White horse castle” 1 of 4 to achieve highest rank: premier cru classe A in classification of Saint-Emilion
144
Hermitage
French AOC - northern Rhone Mostly red wine from Syrah grapes Small quantities of white wine from roussanne and marsanne grapes
145
Champagne’s typical alcohol content
12.5%
146
Burgundy’s wine capital town
Beaune
147
Largest wine producing region in France
Languedoc-Roussillon
148
Malolactic Fermentation
Secondary fermentation when harsh malic acid is converted to softer lactic acid (like that of milk)
149
Montefalco “big wines” grape
Sagrantino
150
List of major Napa Valley AVAs
Atlas peak, Calistoga, chiles valley, coombsville, diamond mountain district, Howell mountain, los carneros, mt. Veeder, oak knoll district, oakville, Rutherford, St. Helena, stags leap district, etc.
151
Solera system
Wine aging method involving fractional blending Involves saving portion of wine from first year of production then repeating it the second year and blending the two together: half is bottled and other half is saved for next years batch, process repeats itself again and again
152
Besides Chardonnay, what is the most planted white grape in Chile
Sauvignon Blanc
153
Chile’s signature red grape
Carmenere (originally from Bordeaux)
154
Schioppettino grown predominantly in which region
Friuli-Venezia Giulia region - NE Italy
155
Vintage Madeiras minimum barrel-aging requirement
20 years
156
“Grosslage”
Collection of vineyards in Germany
157
Main grape in southern Rhone blends
Grenache
158
“Spatburgunder”
German term for Pinot noir
159
Stellenbosch
South Africa’s most famous wine region
160
Alsace’s most planted grape and also highest quality grape
Riesling — makes up 22% of grapes planted in region
161
Alsace wines typical alcohol content
11-12%
162
Sparkling wine name in Spain
Cava
163
Ribera del duero location in Spain
Northern Spain
164
Tinto wine color
Red
165
Spanish cities closest to Priorat region
Barcelona and Tarragona
166
Tavel AOC
Southern Rhone/Rhone valley AOC grapes: GSM, cinsault, bourboulenc, clairette, picpoul, carignan, and calitor. Only rosé wines produced.
167
Rosso Piceno DOC region
Le Marche, Italy
168
Pouilly-fume wine characteristics
Loire valley dry wine Most body and contraction of wines in this region 100% Sauvignon Blanc Pairs well with white meat chicken, smoked salmon, and veal
169
Hermitage grape
Syrah
170
Grape color in brut champagne
Red and white
171
of grapes in Chateauneuf du Pape
13, but predominantly GSM
172
Sancerre grape
Sauvignon blanc Sancerre rouge is made from Pinot noir
173
Primary grain in bourbon
Corn (51-79%) The rest can be either rye, wheat, or barley
174
Negociant
Wine sales “middleman” who can purchase small market grapes, juice, or finished wine and then market it under their own label
175
Spanish name for Mourvèdre
Monastrell
176
German region known for producing mostly red wines
Baden
177
AVA
American viticultural area
178
Alsace’s grapes are similar to those of
Germany
179
Qualitatswein (QbA) Sweetness Levels
Trocken—dry Kabinett—dry to off dry Spatlese—sweet Auslese—sweeter Beerenauslese—very sweet Trockenbeerenauslese—super sweet
180
Champagne house that doesn’t use malolactic fermentation
Lanson
181
Champagne region soil type
Chalk
182
Loire Valley’s 2 main grapes
Sauvignon Blanc and Chenin Blanc
183
Chianti Classico
Classico designation means wine comes from boundaries of Chianti Primarily Sangiovese but may also contain Canaiolo, Colorino, Cabernet, or Merlot Reserva and gran selezione are area’s finest wines Classic taste profile: preserved cherry, aged balsamic, espresso, dried salami
184
8 major northern Rhone AOCs
Cote-rotie Hermitage Condrieu Cornas Crozes-hermitage St-Joseph St-Peray Chateau Grillet
185
Piedmont grapes starting with “B”
Barbera Bonarda Brachetta
186
Loire Valley Climate
Coast: maritime Inland: continental
187
Vineyard pest with Pierce’s disease
Glassy-winged sharpshooter
188
New Zealand region known for its “world class Bordeaux blends”
Hawke’s Bay
189
Lagrein
Ancient grape variety of NE Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige region Red wines that are full-bodied with plum and cherry flavors
190
Chiavennasca
Valtellina (Lombardy) name for Nebbiolo
191
Cooper
Wine barrel maker
192
Pingus
Wine from ribera del duero region in Spain
193
Gran Selezione classification requirement from Chianti estate
Can only source grapes from own vineyards
194
“Joven”
Refers to unoaked wines in Rioja
195
“Methode cap classique”
Sparkling wine produced by traditional method Generic term for these wines in the cape
196
Italian wine regions along northern border (4)
Lombardy Aosta valley Friuli-Venezia Giulia Trentino-Alto Adige
197
Chateauneuf de gadagne
Smaller AOC that bottles wines under cotes du rhone gadagne
198
Cotes du Rhone village gained AOC status in 2016
Cairanne
199
Bordeaux’s left bank best vintage
1996
200
“Mistral”
Strong, cool wind through southern Rhone
201
Lirac and Tavel AOCs make the finest versions of
Rose
202
Largest wine producer in Chile
Concha y Toro
203
Rkatsiteli
Translates to “red stem” or “red horned” White wine grape found mostly in Russia and country of Georgia
204
Country known for red wines made from tannat
Uruguay
205
Koshu
White grape of Japan
206
Cristiano Ronaldo’s birthplace and place known for its fortified wines
Island of Madeira
207
Italian cheese that shares name with white grape from marche/abruzzo
Pecorino
208
Southern Italian varietal being used in Australia
Sagrantino
209
Aglianico del vulture DOCG wine region
Basilicata, southern Italy
210
Cannonau other name
Grenache
211
DOC wine made on mt. Vesuvio (volcano in southern Italy)
Lacryma christi
212
Primitivo grape called _____ in the US
Zinfandel
213
Greco di tufo
DOCG and grape varietal in campania region - southern Italy Greco di tufo wine is the most prestigious white wine of the region
214
Famous volcano with a DOC wine made on its slopes from carricante grapes
Etna
215
Almaviva, Casa Real - Santa Rita, and Vinedo Chadwick wines come from
Maipo valley region - Chile
216
Grape Chile mislabeled as Sauvignon Blanc
Tocai Friulano
217
Chile sub-region known for quality Pinot noir
Leyda - San Antonio Valley region
218
Chile’s northernmost wine region
Coquimbo
219
Main varietal used in making Pisco
Muscat
220
Chile’s Central Valley 4 wine sub-regions
Maipo valley Rapel valley Curico valley Maule valley
221
Carmenere
Grape originally from Bordeaux Mislabeled in Chile as Merlot
222
9 major southern Rhone AOCs
Chateauneuf du pape Gigondas Vacqueyras Tavel Lirac Cotes du Rhone Beaumes de venise Rasteau Vinsobres
223
Wine produced from melon de bourgogne grapes
Muscadet
224
Touriga Nacional grape characteristics
“Portugal’s finest” Thick skin Low yield Red varietal Rich in color and tannin Good aged Notes of berries and licorice
225
Collio region known for elegant wines runs across Friuli region into which country
Slovenia
226
Location of Italy’s first wine school
Veneto
227
Wine color Italy produces most
White
228
“Mis en bouteille au domain”
Wine that’s bottled at the estate
229
Region where most Gewurztraminer found
Alsace
230
Dessert wine: Chateau d’yquem region
Bordeaux: Sauternes
231
France rank in wine producing countries
#2
232
Provence style of wine most known for
Rose
233
Sancerre
French AOC, eastern part of Loire Valley Known mostly for Sauvignon Blanc and some Pinot noir Pinot noir is used in Sancerre rouge and a style of rose also produced
234
2 Cote d’Or sub-regions
Cote de nuits—Pinot noir dominant Cote de beaune—known mostly for whites
235
Blanc de blanc’s grape
Chardonnay
236
2 top grapes of Champagne region
Pinot noir and Chardonnay
237
Volnay
AOC in cote de beaune, burgundy Red wines made from Pinot noir grapes
238
Chablis
AOC in Burgundy Only Chardonnay grapes Cool climate: less fruity, more acidic Chardonnays
239
Pinot blanc (Alsace) pairs well with:
Pate, charcuterie, hamburgers etc
240
Greco di tufo DOCG región
Campania
241
Champagne region wine style
Sparkling
242
Vacqueyras
Southern Rhone AOC grapes: GSM, cinsault, muscardin, counoise, clairette, and bourboulenc Mostly red wines produced
243
Most common red grape grown in Alsace
Pinot noir
244
% of wines from Alsace that are totally dry
90%
245
Alsace, Loire valley, and Chablis location in France and climate
Northern France Cool climate with shorter season
246
Loire valley wine type
Mostly white
247
Alsace region wine type
Mostly white
248
Burgundy region wine type
Red and white
249
Bordeaux region wine type
Red and white
250
“Italy’s king of wine”
Barolo
251
Most northern Italian wine region
Alto Adige
252
Prosecco grape variety
Glera | (Formerly Prosecco)
253
Rasteau
Southern Rhone AOC grapes: GSM, picpoul, terret noir, counoise, muscardin, vaccarese, picardin, cinsault, clairette, roussanne, and bourboulenc Red, white, and fortified wines produced
254
Soave grape
Garganega | (May contain trebbiano)
255
Austria’s most famous white grape
Gruner Veltliner
256
Sparkling wine “transfer method”
After second fermentation wine is transferred with the sediment to a pressurized tank then filtered and bottled
257
Salice salentino main red grape
Negroamaro
258
“Fining” wine
Involves adding a substance to the wine to flush out unwanted material while still in the cellar
259
Main red Rioja grape
Tempranillo
260
Sancerre region
Loire valley
261
“Remuage process” in champagne making
Manipulating bottles to move sediment onto corks for disgorgement
262
7 major Spanish wine regions and major grapes produced
Rioja-Tempranillo Ribera del duero-tinto fino (Tempranillo) Priorat-garnacha, carinena Penedes-macabeo, Cabernet, carinena, garnacha Rias baixas-albariño Rueda-verdejo Sherry-palomino
263
International grapes in Spain
White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah
264
Only red grape with AOC status in Loire Valley
Cabernet Franc
265
Vertical wine tasting
compares a number of wines from a single estate or producer, in which all the wines are produced under the same name or label but come from different years
266
% of AOC wines in Alsace
100% \*represents 20% of ALL AOC wines in France
267
Before 1919 Alsace was part of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Germany (1871-1919)
268
German region the Haardt mountains have the most influence over
Nahe region
269
Late-harvest Mosel riesling general taste profile
Sweeter, fruit-forward, balanced wine
270
4 German wine classification quality categories
- deutscher wein - landwein - qualitatswein (QbA) - pradikatswein
271
Cotes du Rhone wine is mostly
Red
272
Difference between Alsace and German rieslings
Alsace rieslings are generally drier
273
5 major grapes of Languedoc-Roussillon region of France
- carignan - grenache - syrah - cinsault - mourvèdre
274
Champagne in “Absolutely Fabulous”
Bollinger (Bolly)
275
Languedoc-Roussillon region mostly produces (wine color)
Both red and white
276
Climate and general wine descriptors of NE Italian wine regions and names (4)
Cooler climates except near the Adriatic Sea Reds: more fruit Whites: found in the hills Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Fruili-Venezia Giulia
277
Climate and general wine descriptors of NW Italian wine regions and names (4)
Intermediate - cool climate; shorter season Reds: elegant, aromatic, earthy Whites: acidic Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria, Aosta Valley
278
Climate and general wine descriptors of Central Italian wine regions and names (5)
Mediterranean climate Red varieties shine Tuscany, Umbria, Marche, Lazio, and Abruzzo
279
Climate and general wine descriptors of Southern + the Island Italian wine regions and names (7)
Italy’s warmest regions Reds: ripe, fruit flavors Whites: fuller body Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Sicily, and Sardinia
280
Chateau Cheval Blanc region
St-Emilion, Bordeaux
281
Burgundy town that hosts charity hospice wine auction
Beaune
282
Varietals best suited to Tasmanian climate (5)
- Chardonnay - Gewurztraminer - Riesling - Pinot Noir - A lot of Sparkling Wine
283
Chianti is
- a region in Tuscany - any wine produced in Chianti region - Chianti blends are predominantly from Sangiovese grapes
284
Veneto’s most northerly sub-region
Conegliano-Valdobbiadene
285
Fumin grape region
Aosta Valley, NW Italy
286
Franciacorta production method
Method Champenoise — secondary fermentation in the bottle
287
Colio (part of Fruili region) runs into what country
Slovenia
288
Beaujolais Crus names
- Brouilly - Chenas - Chiroubles - Fleurie - Cote de Brouilly - Julienas - Morgon Moulin-a-Vent - Regnie - St. Amour
289
Gigondas AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Southern Rhone 4 major grapes: Grenache, Syrah, Cinsault, Mourvèdre Only red wines produced
290
Lirac AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Southern Rhone 12 grapes: G, S, M, Cinsault, Carignan, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Ugni Blanc, Picpoul, Marsanne, Roussanne, and Viognier Red, white, and rose wines produced
291
Sweet Vin Doux Naturel wines produced in AOC/region
Rasteau, Southern Rhone
292
German Pradikat Categories/Levels (6; ascending order)
From least ripe/driest to most ripe/sweet: - Kabinett - Spatlese - Auslese - Beerenauslese “BA” - Eiswein - Trockenbeerenauslese “TBA”
293
Chateau Grillet AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grape: Viognier only Only white wine produced \*owned by a single winery
294
Pouilly-Fume grape
Sauvignon Blanc
295
Cognac principal grape
Ugni Blanc
296
Franciacorta grape that’s different from Champagne
Pinot Blanc
297
Muscadet grape
Melon de Bourgogne
298
Rías Baixas, Galicia region—NW Spain primary grape
Albariño
299
Medoc AOC 2 Major (red) grapes
Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
300
Volnay region
Cote de Beaune, Burgundy
301
Winston Churchill’s favorite Champagne
Pol Roger
302
Alsace white grape gaining popularity in New Zealand
Pinot Gris
303
Cornas AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grape: Syrah only Only red wines produced
304
Cote-Rotie AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grapes: Syrah and Viognier Only red wines produced
305
St-Peray AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grapes: Marsanne and Roussanne Predominantly sparkling whites produced
306
Barbaresco grape
Nebbiolo
307
Brunello di Montalcino grape
Sangiovese Grosso
308
Condrieu AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grape: Viognier only White wines only
309
Vintage Champagne Characteristics
Minimum 3 year aging requirement Reflection of a single year with an exceptional harvest Small quantities produced — rarer
310
Gisborne region, New Zealand, major grape grown and wine type
Chardonnay Primarily white wines produced
311
“Galets”
Type of large, rolled stone commonly found in soils of Chateauneuf du Pape Retain heat, hasten ripening, hold moisture
312
Reason for grapes being better quality when they’re grown at altitude
They’re more resilient due to longer day/night and harsher conditions, bolder flavors
313
New Zealand’s most planted grape
Sauvignon Blanc
314
Central Otago region (New Zealand) primary grape
Pinot Noir
315
French wine that pairs well with soft cheese
Chablis
316
Best designation in Burgundy
Grand Cru
317
“Must weight” definition
A measure of the amount of sugar in grape juice
318
Region in New Zealand containing the sub-regions: Gladstone, Masterton, and Martinborough
Wairarapa
319
Location of Marlborough region in New Zealand
South Island
320
Nebbiolo: wines produced, region, character
Barolo and Barbaresco wines From Barolo region of Piedmont Smells and looks like a light-bodied red but has intense tannins
321
Nero d’avola grape: wines produced, region, character
Considered “most important (red) grape in Sicily” Produces full-bodied, tannic red wine with black + red fruit notes Ideal for aging
322
St-Joseph AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Grapes: Syrah, Roussanne, and Marsanne Both red and white wines produced
323
Crozes-Hermitage AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Northern Rhone Syrah, Marsanne, and Roussanne Both red and white wines produced
324
Vega Sicilia
Spanish winery in the Ribera del Duero region
325
Spain’s largest wine region
La Mancha
326
Region the river Ebro runs through
Rioja region, Spain
327
Name of sherry’s driest form
Fino or Manzanilla
328
% of white wine produced in Rioja region of Spain
15%
329
Copertino DOC region
Puglia region, Italy
330
Valpolicella DOC region
Veneto region, Italy
331
Vermentino di Gallura DOC region
Sardinia region, Italy
332
Etna Rosso DOC region
Sicily region, Italy
333
Beaumes de Venise AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Southern Rhone Grapes: G, S, M, bourboulenc, vaccarese, carignan, cinsault, clairette, clairette rose, counoise, grenache blanc, grenache gris, marsanne, muscardin, picpoul blanc, picpoul noir, roussanne, terret noir, ugni blanc, and viognier Red and fortified wines produced
334
3 major grapes of Loire Valley region
- sauvignon blanc - chenin blanc - cabernet franc
335
Vinsobres AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Southern Rhone Grapes: grenache, syrah, mourvedre, and cinsault Only red wines produced
336
Year Antinori House (wine company in Florence) was founded
1385
337
Castello Banfi Winery location and owner’s nationality
Montalcino, Tuscany From New York, US
338
Amarone
Valpolicella wine made from dried grapes
339
Italy’s most southern region
Calabria
340
Barolo grape
Nebbiolo
341
Diois AOC
AOC in Southern Rhone/Rhone Valley Not widely known Has some of the highest vineyards in France
342
Gimblett Gravels district: region/country and major grapes
Wine district in Hawkes Bay region, New Zealand Grapes: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Chardonnay
343
Winery that produces Mate’s, Hunting Hill, and Coddington chardonnays
Kumeu River Winery—New Zealand
344
Current name for Tocai grape
Friulano Considered to be related or same as Sauvignonnasse grape
345
Pinot Nero other name and regions known for the best wines from it
Italian synonym for Pinot Noir varietal Franciacorta, Friuli, Veneto, and Alto Adige regions known for producing some of the best pinot nero wines
346
Cotes du Rhone AOC, France: location/region, grapes, wine type
Southern Rhone Grapes: G, S, M, cinsault, carignan, counoise, picpoul, grenache blanc, marsanne, roussanne, bourboulenc, viognier, and picpoul blanc Red, white, and rose wines produced
347
5 Major Grapes (red and white) of the Bordeaux Region
- Sauvignon Blanc - Semillon - Merlot - Cabernet Sauvignon - Cabernet Franc
348
“VDP”
“Verband Deutscher Pradikatsweinguter” National German association of producers committed to top quality wine production
349
Pradikat meaning
Finest German wines: highest level in German wine classification system Pradikat is an indication of the grape’s ripeness at harvest Pradikat level is included in wine name
350
Difference in German wine laws and labeling system to those of France/Europe
Not based on AOC standards like in France and the majority of Europe German wines are named after the places they come from Unlike France, the grape name is usually part of the name of the wine Best wines in Germany have both the village and vineyard name on label/included in wine name
351
Varietal most associated with Germany
Riesling
352
Closest wine region to Rome, Italy
Lazio
353
Provence region (France) 2 major grapes
Grenache and Syrah
354
2 major grapes of the Cotes du Rhone AOC — Rhone region of France
Syrah and Grenache
355
3 major (red and white) grapes of the Burgundy region of France
- Pinot Noir - Gamay - Chardonnay
356
Alsace region (France) 2 major grapes
Riesling and Gewurztraminer
357
% of water in a bottle of wine
86%
358
Amount of time until a vine produces suitable grapes for winemaking
3 years
359
Acidity _____ as sugar levels increase
decreases
360
Number and weight of grapes in a bottle of wine
600-800 grapes 2.4 pounds
361
A single vine produces how many bottles of wine a year
5
362
of bottles in a wine barrel
240
363
What year was a great vintage in every wine region worldwide
2005
364
Resveratrol definition and benefits
An antioxidant-like compound found in red wines Health benefits believed to be associated with it: helping to prevent damage to blood vessels, reduce cholesterol, and prevent blood clots
365
Types of wine tastings (4)
- horizontal - vertical - blind - semi-blind
366
Bouquet definition
TOTAL smell of wine
367
Aroma definition
Smell of GRAPES
368
of wine producing countries
70+
369
If you can see through a red wine it is ________ (generally)
Ready to drink
370
Age effect in white wines (visually)
Gain color
371
Age effect in red wines (visually)
Lose color
372
Classic descriptors — Zinfandel
Spicy, black berries
373
Classic descriptors — Cabernet Sauvignon
Chocolate, cassis
374
Classic descriptor — Old Bordeaux
Wet, fallen leaves
375
Classic descriptors — Old Burgundy
Gamey, mushrooms
376
Classic descriptor — Rhone
Black pepper
377
Classic descriptor — Chablis
Mineral
378
Classic descriptor — Pinot Noir
Red cherry
379
Classic descriptor — Gewurztraminer
Lychee
380
Classic descriptor — Riesling
Green apple
381
Classic descriptor — Sauvignon Blanc
Grapefruit
382
Classic descriptors — Chardonnay
Buttery, apple
383
Classic descriptor — White Burgundy
Chalky
384
Classic descriptor — Pouilly Fume/Sancerre
Gunflint
385
“Estate Bottled” definition (Burgundy)
a wine label term which means that the grapes for the wine were grown on the property of those that bottled the wine
386
Pouilly-Fuisse AOC region and sub-region in France
Maconnaise, Burgundy (central France)
387
“Sur Lie”
Wines aged sur lie (French for "on the lees") are kept in contact with the dead yeast cells. Means the wine was aged on it’s “lees” (sediment)
388
3 most important white wine villages in the Cotes de Beaune
Meursault, Puligny-Montrachet, and Chassagne-Montrachet
389
“Graves” definition
Means “gravel” — the type of soil found in the region
390
% of red wine produced in the Bordeaux region
89%
391
Region where the world-famous Anjou Rose is produced
Loire Valley, France
392
Loire Valley % of AOC wines that are white and % of those wines are also dry
56% AOC wines that are white and of those 96% are dry
393
Largest white wine region in France and Second largest region in sparkling wine production
Loire Valley
394
French region known for its fruit brandies “eaux-de-vie”
Alsace
395
Region with very little rainfall/one of the driest areas in France
Alsace
396
Alsace wine labeling rules/differences to the rest of France
It’s the only region that labels its wine by varietal All Alsace wines that include the name of the grape on the label must be made entirely from that grape
397
Different quality levels of Chablis (4)
Petit Chablis — most ordinary Chablis; rarely found in US Chablis — a wine that comes from grapes grown anywhere in the Chablis district also known as a “village wine” Chablis Premier Cru — a very good quality of Chablis that comes from specific high-quality vineyards Chablis Grand Cru — highest classification of Chablis, most expensive, and most limited production-wise. \*only 7 vineyards in Chablis with Grand Cru status
398
Main sub-regions of Burgundy
Côte d'Or (comprising the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune), the Côte Chalonnaise, the Mâconnais, Chablis, and Beaujolais. \*chablis and beaujolais aren’t technically regions but are generally treated as such
399
Region in Burgundy that produces the most red wine
Beaujolais
400
of different red varietals grown in California
31
401
Lighter color of wine is generally perceived to be \_\_\_\_\_\_
More acidic
402
of major white wine grape varietals grown worldwide
50+
403
Wine textures compared to types of dairy products
Light-skim milk Medium-whole milk Full-heavy cream
404
Most important factor of a “great” wine
Varietal character
405
One of the few major wine producing countries to escape phylloxera and why
Chile They imported most vines from France in the 1860s BEFORE phylloxera attacked the French vineyards
406
5 most important factors in winemaking
Geographic location Soil Weather Grapes Vinification—winemaking process
407
Amount of time between the vine’s flowering and the actual harvest
On average 100 days
408
When vines are usually planted
April or May during their dormant periods
409
How long most vines will continue producing grapes
Up to 40+ years
410
Which famous “the godfather” film director makes “Rubicon” wine in Napa Valley
Francis Ford Coppola
411
Which Californian wine beat the French in the “judgement of Paris” competition (1976)
Stags Leap 1973
412
Which CA winemaker has a joint venture with Chateau Mouton Rothschild to make “Opus One”
Robert Mondavi
413
of AVAs in CA
100
414
Considered the “native variety” in CA
Zinfandel
415
% of grape required in a bottle of wine to be able to call it by the grape name on the front label (CA)
75% \*in Oregon certain varietals must be 90%, such as Pinot Noir
416
% of US wine produced in CA
90%
417
CA’s most planted varietal
Chardonnay
418
Obama’s favorite CA white wine
Kendal Jackson Chardonnay
419
Year of first CA vineyards planted
1648
420
Port-like wine using same varietals made by Quady winery
Starboard
421
Northernmost CA wine area/county
Mendocino County
422
Volume % of CA wine that comes from Napa Valley
5%
423
CA rank in largest wine producer by value worldwide
4th
424
CA’s largest wine company
E & J Gallo
425
4 French Champagne houses making CA sparkling wine
Moet + Chandon Mumm Roederer Taittinger
426
“Sideways” was about a trip around which CA wine area
Santa Barbara
427
Grape color grown most in CA
Red
428
Largest wine growing area in CA
Central Valley
429
of CA wineries
3700
430
Sweet wine made from Muscat grapes south of Lisbon, Portugal
Setubal
431
Wine producing regions in Portugal that are UNESCO World Heritage sites (2)
Douro Valley and Pico Island
432
Slightly prickly, super acidic white wine from the Minho region of Portugal
Vinho Verde
433
of DOC wine areas in Portugal
30
434
English pop singer that owns a bodega that produces Vida Nova wines
Cliff Richard
435
World’s best selling medium dry rose
Mateus Rose
436
Word for sparkling wine put on labels in Portugal
Espumante
437
Fortified wine cooked using the “Estufa Process”
Madeira
438
Ramisco grape wine area-Portugal
Colares \*grapes are grown on extensive sand dunes
439
Oldest Port House (1638, Portugal)
Kopke
440
% of white wine in South Africa
55%
441
South African state-owned wine company founded in 1918
KWV - kooperatieve wijnbouwers vereniging van zuid-afrika bpkt
442
Napoleon’s favorite dessert wine (on his deathbed)
Klein Constantia
443
Pioneer winery in Walkers Bay, South Africa, first to produce “Burgundian” reds and whites
Hamilton Russel
444
Country that imports the most South African bottles of wine
The UK
445
Famous golfer who owns a prestigious winery
Ernie Els
446
Unique red grape created in South Africa in 1925
Pinotage
447
Charles Back’s “homage” to Cote du Rhone wines: now an international brand
Goats do Roam
448
Winery that’s a favorite of Buckingham Palace and previous destination of the Queen (South Africa)
Vergelegen
449
South Africa’s most widely planted varietal by acreage volume
Chenin Blanc
450
Tasmania’s most planted grape varietal
Pinot Noir
451
Champagne House in Yarra Valley, Australia, that makes Green Point
Moet & Chandon
452
Country with the fastest growing Australian wine consumption levels
China
453
Average bottles of wine produced per year - Australia
1500 million
454
The “father of Australian wine” that brought the first cuttings from Europe in 1820
James Busby
455
Global wine company that owns Wolf Blass, Penfolds, and Lindemans
Fosters
456
Annual Australian Wine Companion producer/editor
James Halliday
457
Approximate # of currently producing wineries in Australia
2500
458
Yalumba and Grant Burge wineries are based in which wine area of Australia
Barossa Valley
459
Year of first vineyards planted in England
43 AD
460
of white grape varietals used to make wine in England (according to the English Wine Producers Association)
22 (grown commercially)
461
% of English wine that’s red
10%
462
Largest vineyard in Gloucestershire name (hint: singing reference)
Three Choirs
463
Ryedale-Northernmost commercially producing vineyard in England: nearest city
York
464
Stanlake Park wine comes from \_\_\_\_\_\_
England
465
Camel Valley (one of England’s best vineyards) county
Cornwall
466
England’s largest vineyard
Nyetimber
467
of bottles of English wine produced in 2015
5 million
468
English sparkling wine that has been served at Buckingham Palace and beaten champagnes in tasting competitions
Nyetimber
469
Cognac quality levels
V.S. — “very special” min. age is 2 years V.S.O.P — “very superiore old pale” min. age is 4.5 years Napoleon, X.O. — “extra old” min. 6.5 years
470
“Green Harvest” definition
Pruning bad grapes to send nutrients to healthy grapes
471
4 vineyard pests
Phylloxera, mealybug, mites, glassy-winged sharpshooter
472
4 vine diseases
Powdery mildew Downy mildew Leaf roll virus/fanleaf degeneration Pierce’s disease
473
Brix
Sugar measurement of grapes
474
“Stelvin” definition
Screw cap
475
Burgundy wines are mainly defined by \_\_\_\_\_
Their producers
476
Chablis climate and soil
Continental — high in acid Kimmeridgian clay/limestone
477
Côte d’Or soil
Marl and limestone
478
Dominant grape Cote de Nuits
Pinot Noir
479
Dominant grape Cote de Beaune
Chardonnay
480
Cote de Nuits AOC with the most Grand Crus
Gevrey-Chambertin (9)
481
Most highly regarded Cote de Nuits vintages
2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012
482
Most highly regarded Cote de Beaune vintages
2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012
483
Cote Chalonnaise region that produces wine from the Aligote grape
Bouzeron
484
Prosecco-making method
Charmat
485
Main steps in the Classic Method of making Champagne (3)
Primary fermentation Secondary fermentation — liqueur de tirage and sur lie aging Removal of sediment — riddling, disgorging, and dosage
486
Autolysis definition
The gradual breakdown of yeast cells in the bottle
487
Length of time of secondary fermentation in Classic Method
6-12 weeks
488
Name for spent yeast cells in champagne
Lees
489
“Pupitre” definition
An A-frame rack used to store wine and riddle over time
490
Gyropalette definition
A cubic palette used to mechanically, slowly turn and riddle champagne
491
Disgorgement definition
Process of removing yeast from the bottle by freezing the end then ejecting it
492
Dosage definition
Adding “liqueur d’expedition” to wine after disgorgement to balance out the naturally high acidity
493
“Liqueur d’expedition”
Solution of sugar and wine
494
Medoc (Bordeaux) sub-regions/AOCs
Haut-Medoc AOC Saint-Estephe AOC Pauillac AOC Saint-Julien AOC Listrac-Medoc AOC Moulis-en-Medoc AOC Margaux AOC
495
Champagne region soil type
Chalk — retains water
496
3 important Champagne sub-regions
Montagne de Reims Vallee de la Marne Cotes des Blancs
497
4 Italian sparkling wines
Asti DOCG Prosecco Lambrusco Franciacorta
498
Chateaux definition
An estate under single ownership
499
3 Bordeaux white grapes
Semillon-sweet Sauvignon Blanc-dry Muscadelle-sweet
500
Left Bank Bordeaux main AOC/region and dominant grape/percentage
Medoc AOC Cabernet Sauvignon-70% of grapes produced
501
Right Bank Bordeaux main AOC/regions and dominant grapes/percentage
Pomerol AOC and Saint-Emilion AOC 70% Merlot, 30% Cabernet Franc
502
Approx. speed of Mistral winds
50-70 MPH
503
Roussanne and Marsanne grapes aromas in wine
Red apple and tropical fruit
504
Chateauneuf du Pape translation
“Castle of the Pope”
505
“Vin Doux Naturel”
Wine produced by adding distillate to fermenting must
506
“Vin de Liqueur”
Produced by adding distillate to unfermented must
507
Botrytized wine name in Anjou, Loire Valley, made from Chenin Blanc grapes
Bonnezeaux
508
Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN)
French for “selection of noble berries” refers to wines made from grapes affected by noble rot; sweet, dessert wines with rich, concentrated flavors
509
“GI”
“Geographical Indication” Description of Australian wine zone, region, or sub-region similar to AOC naming system/laws of France but less strict
510
Notable GIs of Southern Australia
Barossa Valley Eden Valley McLaren Vale Clare Valley Coonawarra
511
Primary grapes in New Zealand (4)
Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Noir Cabernet Sauvignon
512
% of a wine that must be from a particular vintage in order for that year to appear on label (US)
95%
513
All wine labels (in the US) must include these 3 things
the alcohol content based on % by volume, state the wine contains sulfites, and carry the Surgeon General's warning about alcohol consumption
514
TTB
“Tax and Trade Bureau” part of “The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau” frequently shortened to TTB a bureau of the US Department of Treasury regulates and collects taxes on trade and alcohol, tobacco, and firearms imports within the US
515
AVA shared by Napa and Sonoma
Carneros
516
Most important red grape from Abruzzi (Italy)
Montepulciano
517
Cannonau region
Sardinia
518
4 primary grapes of Germany
Riesling Spatburgunder (Pinot Noir) Muller-Thurgau Sylvaner
519
“Anbaugebiete”
German major wine regions (13)
520
Rheinhessen major grapes (3)
Muller-Thurgau Sylvaner Riesling
521
“Grauburgunder”
Pinot Gris in Germany
522
Tokaji or Tokay
the name of the renowned wines from the Tokaj wine region in Hungary or adjoining Tokaj wine region in Slovakia. This region is noted for its sweet wines made from grapes affected by noble rot
523
Austria’s main grapes (7)
Gruner Veltliner Zweigelt Welschriesling Muller-Thurgau Pinot Blanc Chardonnay Riesling
524
“AOCs of Austria” called
DAC — districtus austriae controllatus
525
Important regions in Portugal (4)
Vinho Verde Porto Duoro Madeira
526
Argentina dominant red and white grape
Torrontes-white Malbec-red
527
Scotch (whiskey) main regions (4)
Islay Highland Campbelltown Lowland
528
Reason Sauvignon Blanc pairs well with goat cheese
High acid wine and high acid food
529
In food/wine pairing spicy-ness has 3 different effects
Increased perception of alcohol Diminished flavors in delicate, dry white wines Tamed with sweet elements in wine
530
Table rice and Sake rice are
Different/not the same
531
Calvanos Brandy Type
Apple
532
Ribera del Duero region of Spain main wine color/type
Dry red wines mostly from Tempranillo grapes
533
American oak indicators
Vanilla Sawdust Coconut
534
% of white grapes allowed in Chianti Classico
0%
535
“Diurnal shift”
Temperature variation day/night
536
Southern Australia main grapes (2)
Shiraz and Riesling
537
Alsace required % of wine must be the labeled grape
100%
538
Sonoma’s notable grapes (5)
Chardonnay Zinfandel Pinot Noir Syrah Cabernet Sauvignon
539
3 major Australian wine regions by volume
South Australia New South Wales Victoria
540
“Stickies” definition and region
the name Australians give sweet wines some reserve the term specifically for late harvest wines and wines affected by the noble rot others include the country’s phenomenal fortified wines under the “stickies” umbrella Region: Rutherglen, Australia
541
Oenology or Enology
Science and study of wine/winemaking including vinification
542
“En Primeur”
AKA “Wine Futures” refers to the process of buying wines before they are bottled and released onto the market
543
Beaujolais heirarchy — 3 levels
Beaujolais Beaujolais Villages Beaujolais Cru
544
Cotes de Nuits Villages (8)
Chambolle-Musigny Fixin, Gevrey-Chambertin Marsannay Morey-Saint-Denis Nuits-Saint-Georges Vosne-Romanée Vougeot.
545
First AOC
Chateauneuf du Pape
546
“Monopole”
A parcel of land under single ownership
547
“Opposite” of Sancerre but made with same grape varietal
Pouilly-Fume
548
“Blue hue” can come from
warmer climates or from carbonic maceration (Beaujolais)
549
Latitudes wine thrives in
The 30th and 50th parallels
550
“Racking”
Moving wine from one barrel to the next
551
“Battonage”
Stirring of the lees
552
Entre-deux-Mers AOC/sub-region of Bordeaux facts and wine type produced
a large subregion/appellation of Bordeaux in SW France “Entre-deux-Mers" translates to “between two seas" — although the seas are in fact rivers: the Garonne and Dordogne The appellation produces white wines only
553
2 wine areas of France that use Sur Lie aging the most
Muscadet, Loire Valley Champagne region
554
Prosecco cocktail
Bellini
555
Chinon and Bourgueil grape
Cabernet Franc
556
Southernmost AOC of southern Rhone region, France
Gigondas
557
Chianti classification levels
Classico Riserva Superiore
558
Moscato D’Asti and Asti DOCGs (Piedmont) produce what kind of wines
Sparkling and semi-sparkling wines
559
“Piedmont” translation
“Foot of the mountain”
560
Lombardy is known for
Franciacorta
561
4 major grapes of Greece
Assyrtiko - white Moschofilero - white Xinomavro - red Agiorgitiko - red
562
4 Grand Cru vineyards in Cote Chalonnaise
Mercurey Givry Rully Bouzeron
563
Marche major white grapes
Verdicchio Trebbiano
564
Australia’s coolest region
Yarra Valley, Victoria
565
Priorat region location in Spain
Northeast Spain
566
Cool climate characteristics
Grapes don’t ripen as quickly Lower natural sugar High acidity Wines are considered more subtle and refined
567
Warm Climate Characteristics
Wines pack more of a punch: full-flavored and rich Grapes ripen quicker Higher natural sugars Higher alcohol levels Dominant fruit flavors typically More “muscular” characteristics
568
3 Major aromatic grapes
Muscat Gewurztraminer Torrontes
569
Formula for fermentation
Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
570
3 major types of wine
Table wine Sparkling wine Fortified wine
571
Riesling characteristics/descriptors
Fruity Lychee nut Sweet Petrol nose High acidity Low to medium alcohol
572
Chardonnay characteristics/descriptors
Green apple Butter Citrus Grapefruit Melon Oak Pineapple Toast Vanilla
573
3 Alsace producers
Trimbach Hugel & Fils Domaine Weinbach
574
Difference between Pouilly-Fuisse and Pouilly-Fume
Pouilly-Fuisse is 100% Chardonnay Pouilly-Fume is 100% Sauvignon Blanc
575
Classification of white Graves wines: 2 quality levels
1. Graves 2. Pessac-Leognan
576
3 Classified Chateaux in Graves
Chateaux: - Haut-Brion - Carbonnieux - Olivier
577
2 different quality levels of Sauternes
Regional Classified Chateau
578
The only first-growth, grand premier cru Sauternes
Chateau d’Yquem
579
2 other first-growth Sauternes
Chateaus: Rieussec Guirad
580
3 top producers of Chablis
Francois Raveneau Joseph Drouhin Louis Jadot
581
Largest Grand Cru Vineyard in Cotes de Beaune
Corton-Charlamagne
582
3 Grand Cru Cote de Beaune vineyards
Corton-Charlemagne Montrachet Chevalier-Montrachet
583
3 Premier Cru Cote de Beaune vineyards
Les Perrieres Les Charmes Les Referts
584
3 most important white wine-producing villages in Cote de Beaune
Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet \*all 3 produce Chardonnay
585
Burgundy’s northernmost white wine-producing region
Chablis
586
Burgundy’s southernmost white wine-producing region
Maconnaise
587
Maconnaise wines 6 quality levels
Macon Blanc Macon Superieur Macon-Villages St-Veran Pouilly-Vinzelles Pouilly-Fuisse
588
Year AOC laws were established
1979
589
3 Chablis Grand Cru vineyards
Valmur Vaudesir Les Clos
590
3 Chablis Premier Cru vineyards
Monte de Tonnerre Lechet Montmains
591
Washington state major grapes
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Merlot White: Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, and Gewurztraminer
592
Washington state wine regions (9)
Yakima Valley Walla Walla Valley Columbia Valley Puget Sound Red Mountain Columbia Gorge Horse Heaven Hills Wahluke Slope Rattlesnake Hills
593
Oregon major grapes
Pinot Noir Pinot Gris Chardonnay
594
Oregon major wine regions (4)
Willamette Valley Umpqua Valley Rogue Valley Applegate Valley
595
3 top producers in Oregon
Ken Wright King Estate Adelsheim
596
3 major wine-producing regions of New York
Finger Lakes Hudson Valley Long Island
597
3 New York wine producers
Dr. Konstantin Frank - finger lakes Benmarl - hudson valley Palmer - long island
598
CA 4 north coast main viticulture areas
Counties of: Napa Sonoma Mendocino Lake
599
CA 3 north central coast main viticulture areas
Counties of: Monterey Santa Clara Livermore
600
CA 2 south central coast main viticulture areas
Counties of: San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara
601
CA “jug wine” viticulture area
San Joaquin Valley
602
Top 3 grapes planted in Napa
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Chardonnay
603
Top 3 grapes planted in Sonoma
Chardonnay Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir
604
2 Mendocino County AVA’s
Alexander Valley Mendocino Ridge
605
5 Napa County AVA’s
Howell Mountain Napa Valley Rutherford Oakville Spring Mountain District
606
3 Sonoma County AVA’s
Russian River Valley Sonoma Coast Sonoma Mountain
607
CA Chardonnay major regions (4)
Carneros Napa Santa Barbara Sonoma
608
3 CA Chardonnay producers
Chateau Montelena Kistler Landmark
609
3 CA white grapes besides Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc Chenin Blanc Viognier
610
German regions that produce the best wines (4)
Rheinhessen Rheingau Mosel Pfalz
611
4 major producers in Germany
Dr. Pauly-Bergweiler - mosel Strub - rheinhessen Kessler - rheingau Lingenfelder- pfalz
612
3 Rheingau villages
Johannisberg Erbach Eltville
613
3 Mosel villages
Piesport Erden Bernkastel
614
3 Rheinhessen villages
Oppenheim Nackenheim Nierstein
615
3 Pfalz villages
Deidesheim Forst Wachenheim
616
Best recent German vintages
2001 and 2005
617
Minimum % of a specific grape in German wines if listed on label
85%
618
German “Trocken” wines are
Dry
619
2 main categories of qualitatswein (Germany)
QbA (Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete) - indicates a quality wine that comes from 1 of the 13 specified regions Pradikatswein - quality wine with distinction (may not be chaptalized)
620
“Spatlese” translation
“Late-picking”
621
Average range of alcohol levels of German wines
8%-10%
622
“Sussreserve”
Unfermented grape juice (containing all natural sugar) from same vineyards, same varietal, and same sweetness level as a given wine It is added back to a wine after fermentation to sweeten
623
Botrytis Cinerea (Edelfaule)
A mold that under special conditions attacks grapes causing them to shrivel and leaving concentrated sugar
624
“Gutsabfullung”
German term for “estate-bottled”
625
Month and day they release Beaujolais Nouveau
3rd Thursday in November
626
of Grand Cru vineyards in Cote d’Or
32
627
2 Cote de Beaune villages known for red wine
Pommard Volnay
628
3 Cote de Nuits villages known for red wine
Vosne-Romanee Nuits-St-Georges Flagey-Echezeaux
629
2 Cote de Beaune red Grand Cru vineyards
Corton Corton Renardes
630
3 Cote de Nuits red Grand Cru vineyards
Romanee-Conti Richebourg Echezeaux
631
of Rhone Valley Cru’s
13
632
Tavel wine
An unusually dry rose primarily made from grenache (although there are 9 varieties permitted in the blend)
633
English word for red Bordeaux wine
Claret
634
of wine appellations in Bordeaux
57
635
Bordeaux covers ____ acreage than Burgundy
More
636
3 quality levels of Bordeaux wine
Bordeaux Region Region + Chateau
637
Approx. # of wine-producing chateaux in Bordeaux
7,000
638
Year the best chateaux of the Medoc were classified
1855
639
of chateaux classified in the Official Classification of the Medoc
61
640
Chateau from each of the 5 growths
1st: Chateau Margaux 2nd: Leoville-Barton 3rd: Palmer 4th: Prieure-Lichine 5th: Lynch-Bages
641
Year the Graves wines were first classified
1959
642
2 second-label wines of classified chateaux
``` Les Forts de Latour (latour) Petit Mouton (mouton-rothschild) ```
643
2 French wine regions you would find Pinot Noir
Burgundy and Champagne
644
CA county with most plantings of Pinot Noir
Sonoma
645
2 common aromas associated with Pinot Noir grape
Red berries Red cherry
646
Meritage wine definition
Red and white wines made in the US from a blend of classic Bordeaux varietals
647
2 major Meritage wines
Insignia Opus One
648
“Cosecha” translation
Harvest or vintage Also may indicate wine has little barrel-aging — often used by producers for their “modern style” wines
649
“Vinos de Pagos”
Term for a single estate wine
650
Spanish wine region with Bodegas Montecillo, Cune, and Marques de Caceres wines
Rioja
651
Alvaro Palacios, Pasanau, and Más Igneus wines found in what Spanish region
Priorat
652
of wine regions in Italy
20
653
Biggest difference between French AOC laws and Italian DOC laws
DOC has aging requirements
654
“Super Tuscan” wine
Made in Italy includes varietals outside of what is generally permitted by DOC regulations
655
Italian region with Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, and Brunello di Montalcino wines and primary grape in all 3
Tuscany Sangiovese
656
Brunello di Montalcino minimum amount of time of aging in oak
2 years
657
3 Major Piedmont red grapes
Dolcetto Barbera Nebbiolo
658
Between Barolo and Barbaresco wines which must be aged longer under DOCG wine laws
Barolo
659
Best recent Piedmont vintages
1996, 2000, 2001, and 2004
660
Valpolicella, Bardolino, Soave, and Amarone region
Veneto
661
“Superiore” definition
Higher alcohol levels and longer aging
662
3 different ways Italian wines are labeled
Varietal Village/district Proprietary
663
Champagne, Sherry, and Port have what in common
Their quality is determined by the reputation of the shipper or “house”
664
Northernmost wine region in France located 90 miles NE of Paris
Champagne
665
3 major types of Champagne
Non-vintage/multiple vintage—a blend of 2 or more harvests, 60-80% base wine from current harvest and 20-40% wine from previous vintages Vintage—from a single vintage Prestige Cuvee—from a single vintage with longer aging requirements
666
Minimum amount of time non-vintage champagne must age in bottle
15 months
667
Minimum amount of time a vintage champagne must age in bottle
3 years
668
4 levels dry/sweetness in Champagne
Brut-dry Extra Dry-semidry Sec-semisweet Demi-Sec-sweet
669
bottles champagne in a Jeroboam (Double Magnum)
4
670
Italian name for sparkling wines
Spumante
671
German name for sparkling wines
Sekt
672
Fortified wine definition
A neutral grape brandy is added to wine to raise wine’s alcohol content
673
Range of alcohol % in fortified wines
15-20%
674
3 towns that make Sherry in Andalusia, Spain
Jerez de la Frontera Puerto de Santa Maria Sanlucar de Barrameda
675
If grape name is on label (Argentina) what % of that grape must be in the wine
100%
676
Main wine regions Argentina
North: Salta Cuyo: Mendoza Patagonia: Rio Negro & Neuquen
677
The 2 major red grapes grown in Argentina
Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon
678
The 2 major white grapes grown in Argentina
Torrontes Riojano Chardonnay
679
Grape listed on label of Chilean wine minimum percentage of grape used in making the wine
85%
680
3 Chile winemaking regions
Casablanca Valley Maipo Valley Rapel Valley/Colchagua
681
Canadian regulation of wine name
VQA-the Vintners Quality Alliance
682
Minimum requirement of % of specific grape used in a Canadian varietal wine
85%
683
Canada’s 2 major wine regions
Ontario/Niagara Peninsula British Columbia/Okanagan Valley
684
3 major white grapes grown in Canada
Gewurztraminer Riesling Vidal
685
3 major red grapes grown in Canada
Pinot Noir Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot
686
Best South African recent vintage
2005
687
3 categories used in WO System of South Africa
Geographic Region District
688
South African wine regulation system
WO-wine of origin system
689
In South African vintage/varietal wines what’s the minimum % required of a specific grape or year
85%
690
3 WO’s within the Coastal region of South Africa
Constantia Stellenbosch Paarl
691
Most important South African wine region
Coastal region
692
Great Pinotage Producer
Kanonkop
693
3 major red grapes grown in South Africa
Shiraz/Syrah Cabernet Sauvignon Bordeaux Blends
694
3 major white grapes grown in South Africa
Chenin Blanc Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay
695
Diversity of South African winemaking terrain
4 major soil types Vineyards located 300-1300 feet above sea level Cool Coastal and Hot Continental vineyard climates
696
New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc Characteristics
Grapefruit, grass, cat pee, and herbs
697
Best Australian recent vintages
2004 and 2005
698
Australian wine Regulation system
Starting with the 1990 vintage, the LIP (label integrity program) regulates/oversees vintage, varietal, and geographical indication claims
699
What % of wine must be from a particular district if label specifies name (Australia)
85%
700
Australian wine region known for sparkling wine
Tasmania
701
Port approximate alcohol content %
20%
702
Austria’s great dessert wine
Ausbruch (botrytis affected Fumin grapes)
703
Regulation of Greek Wines levels (3)
OPAP-wines of appellation of origin of superior quality (mostly dry) OPE-wines of appellation of controlled origin (only sweet) EO-similar to Vin de Table; no specific appellation
704
Amount of time vintage port is aged in wood
2 years
705
How Tokaji wine is made
1. Grapes allowed to develop Botrytis 2. Affected grapes are picked and lightly crushed — made into an Aszu paste 3. Non-affected grapes are harvested and fermented into a base wine 4. The Aszu paste is collected in baskets called “puttonyos” then blended into base wine according to desired sweetness
706
“Aszu”
Hungarian term for Botrytis affected grapes
707
What century did Greek winemaking begin
7th century BC
708
5 types of Sherry
Manzanilla - dry Fino - dry Amontillado - dry to med. dry Oloroso - dry to med. dry Cream - sweet
709
4 known Australian wine states and 1 district from each
South Australia-McLaren Vale New South Wales-Hunter Valley Victoria-Yarra Valley Western Australia-Margaret River
710
3 Major red grapes grown in Austria
Blaufrankisch Pinot Noir St. Laurent
711
3 major white grapes grown in Greece
Assyrtiko Moschofilero Roditis
712
Hungary major wine regions (7)
Badacsony Eger Somolo Sopron Szekszard Tokaj Villany-Siklos
713
Most important Greek wine-growing regions (3) and sub-regions (9)
``` Macedonia (northern): Naouussa and Amyndeo Peloponnese (southern): Mantinia, Nemea, and Patras The Islands (Aegean sea): Santorini, Samos, Rhodes, and Crete ```
714
Australia 2 major white varietals
Chardonnay Semillon
715
3 Cru’s from Northern Rhone
Hermitage Cote Rotie Condrieu (white)
716
3 major red grapes grown in Hungary
Kadarka Kekfrankos Portugieser
717
3 major white grapes grown in Hungary
Furmint Harslevelu Olaszrizling
718
Zweigelt grape cross between what 2 Austrian varietals
Blaufrankisch and St. Laurent
719
4 levels of Puttonyos
3,4,5, and 6
720
Puttonyos definition
a unit for the level of sugar in Hungarian Tokaji (or tokay) and Slovak Tokaj dessert wine
721
4 Austrian wine regions
Niederosterreich - lower Austria Vienna - Wein Burgenland Styria - Steiermark
722
Major grapes of Priorat wines
Garnacha (grenache) Carinena (carignan) Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Syrah
723
3 major quality levels of Austrian wine
Tafelwein Qualitatswein Pradikatswein
724
Top 3 Italian regions in terms of production
Veneto Piedmont Tuscany
725
2 grapes used to produce Sherry
Palomino Pedro Ximenez
726
2 types of Port
Cask-aged Bottle-aged
727
Colheita definition
Single vintage Port, wood-aged minimum of 7 years
728
Quinta refers to
Single vineyard
729
Bodega definition
An above-ground structure used to store wine
730
Name of the sweetest Tokaji wine
Essencia or Eszencia
731
Primary red grape grown in ‘right bank’ Bordeaux
Merlot
732
Primary red grape used in northern region of the Rhone Valley
Syrah
733
Primary red grape used in the production of St-Emilion wine
Merlot
734
% of Sherry lost to evaporation
3%, called “the Angel’s Share”
735
Late-bottled vintage, vintage character, Quinta, and vintage are what type of Port
Bottle-aged
736
Ruby, Tawny, Aged Tawny, and Colheita port type
Cask-aged
737
When is neutral grape brandy added to port wine
During fermentation
738
Port comes from
Duoro region, northern Portugal
739
What is Phylloxera
A vine-destroying insect
740
White grapes of Piedmont
Cortese, Moscato, and Arneis

Piedmont (2 decks)

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