Practice test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
The 11 Systems of the body?
A
- Integumentary (skin)
- Skeletal
- Nervous
- Cardiovascular
- Endocrine (glands/hormones)
- Muscular
- Respiratory
- Reproductive
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Lymph/Immune
2
Q
anatomical position?
A
Mountain pose with palms forward
3
Q
Axial
A
head, neck, and trunk
4
Q
Appendicular
A
limbs/extremities
5
Q
Anterior
A
towards the front
6
Q
Posterior
A
towards the back
7
Q
Distal
A
away from the trunk toward the fingers and toes
8
Q
Proximal
A
towards the trunk away from the fingers and toes
9
Q
Superficial
A
Towards the skin or outside
10
Q
Deep
A
towards the inside or away from the skin
11
Q
superior
A
up, Towards the top of the head
12
Q
inferior
A
down or below, towards the feet
13
Q
medial
A
towards the midline
14
Q
lateral
A
away from the midline
15
Q
flexion
A
A movement in a sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body forward from anatomical position.
Exceptions: knee flexion, dorsiflexion\
16
Q
Extension
A
A movement in the sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body backward from anatomical position. Except:
knee extension and plantar flexion
17
Q
abduction
A
A movement in a frontal plane which takes a
part of the body away from the median plane.
18
Q
Adduction
A
A movement in a frontal plane which takes a
part of the body toward the median plane.
(Add it to your body- it comes “in” to you) (Second ½ of jumping jack)
19
Q
Pronation
A
Hand faces back, opposite
anatomical position.
20
Q
Supination
A
Hand faces forward
same as anatomical position.
21
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
“flexing” the foot
22
Q
Plantar Flexion
A
pointing the toes
23
Q
Lateral Flexion or Side Bending
A
Axial spine motion in the frontal plane away
from anatomical position.
24
Q
Function of the Skeletal System
A
Support: Structural Support for the entire body
Protection: Surrounds soft tissue- critical organs
Movement: Creates the levers for muscles to attach to and
move the body.
Mineral Homeostasis: Stores minerals and fats. Releases
calcium and phosphorus as needed.
Blood Cell Production: Bone Marrow produces red and
white blood cells.
25
What is a joint
The Junction or Union of two or more Bones in the Body.
Primary Function is to provide motion and flexibility to the body
frame.
26
Synarthrosis
joint
Essentially NO motion/Fibrous
Skull, Teeth
27
Ball and socket joints
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction,
Internal, and External Rotation
only joint that moves in all directions
Hip and Shoulder
28
function of a Synovial Joint
Joint designed for Motion
| Joint Motion: Spreads fluid around keeping joint healthy and lubricated.
Motion is Lotion
29
Synovial Membrane
Releases Synovial Fluid
30
Synovial Fluid
Bathes joint with nutrients
31
Joint Capsule
Ligaments to provide joint stability
32
Cartilage
Protects the ends of bones and helps with smooth motion
33
Ellipsoid
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
| Wrist, Fingers
34
Saddle
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
| Thumb
35
Hinge
Flexion and Extension
| Knee and Elbow
36
Pivot
Rotation
| Head C1C2, Forearm
37
Gliding/ Plane
Flat Edges Meet
| Up, Down, Left, Right Diagonally
38
How to protect the joints
Proper Warm-up
Engage your Muscles
Motion is Lotion
Alignment
Avoid Pushing Joint into End Ranges
balance Between Muscle Groups
39
Amphiarthrosis
joint
Slight/Minimal Motion, Connected by Cartilage or
Ligaments
Pubic, Vertebral Column
40
Diarthrosis
Synovial Joint,
Moves Freely
Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Elbow, Wrist, Ankle, etc
41
Ligaments
connect bone to bone and organs to bone
- Restrict joint motion
- Stabilize joint
- Nerve endings that help with joint proprioception
Lots of stretch
more stretch then tendons
```
Elastin= the stretchy stuff
Collagen = the tough stuff
```
Low Vascularity: Low blood supply (They do not repair or heal easily.)
42
Sprain
injury of ligament
43
Strain
injury of tendon or muscle
44
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone and are not stretchy
transfer forces from muscle to bone to produce joint motion
makes the joint move
45
Concentric
Constant Muscle Shortening.
46
Eccentric
Controlled Lengthening.
controlled movement against gravity
movement of triceps on chateranga.
47
Isometric
Constant Length while muscle generates tension- bones do not
move.
Bones don't move
48
Open Chain
distal ends not fixed
moving arms around in air
49
closed chain
distal end is fixed
arms against wall or floor
50
Fascia
Thick connective tissue that cover whole body and all the muscles, organs blood vessels. connects everything.
looks like spider web or sweater
helps with proprioception
51
what happens during warm up?
Redirects Blood to muscles
from organs
Increases muscle temp
Increases neural
conductivity (increases
firing speed of muscle)
Increases lung expansion
and capacity
Increases attention and
focus
Increases tissue elasticity
and decreases viscosity:
less brittle, more pliable.
Lengthening force directed
at muscle tissue
Increases strength and
52
Ischium
ischial tuberosities (sit bones)
53
Antagonist
Produces the Opposite Motion- Progressively
Relaxes to Produce Smooth Motion
coordination
54
Synergists
Assists and Fine Tunes the Motion (little helpers)
55
Fixators
```
Steady Proximal parts while motion is occurs at
Distal Ends (Specific Synergists)
```
56
Homeostasis
balance
home= same stasis= state
stable equilibrium between interdependent elements
57
Mobility vs Stability
is a continuum in our bodies as well as everything else.
something is either mobil or stable
some parts meant to be mobile some stable. don't make things what they are not meant to be.
honor what your body is supposed to do.
58
Long Bone main function
major source of bone marrow
59
short bone main function
Weight bearing
60
spine: Cervical Rotation
C1/atlas C2/axis
61
spine: Flexion/Extension
Cervical C3-C7
62
spine: Side Bending
Cervical C3-C7
63
Spinal Rotation
Thoracic
64
spine: Flexion/Extension
Lumbar
65
spine: Side Bending
Lumbar
66
order of the parts of the spine
```
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx
```
67
C1/Atlas function
Supports the head
68
C2/Axis function
Rotates the head
69
What do the ribs attach to?
Thoracic Spine
70
What transmits the weight of the body to the pelvis?
sacrum
71
what puts the DISCS are greater risk
flexion or extension
72
Bone markings: Projections
for muscle and ligaments to attach to
73
bone markings: Depressions and openings
for blood vessels and nerves to pass
74
What do the ribs protect?
lungs and heart
75
why our spine is s shaped?
Shock absorption
76
where kyphosis curve?
thoracic spine
77
Where lordosis curve?
cervical and lumbar spine
same curve same motions
78
what is the safest position of pelvis and sacrum during twist?
neutral and in line
79
three types of muscles?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
80
skeletal muscle
Moves Bones and Structures- Voluntary
81
cardiac muscle
Moves Heart and Aorta- Involuntary
82
smooth muscle
Walls of vessels, moves substances through viscera, even
| attached to hair follicles- Involuntary
83
is the sacrum part of the pelvis?
no
84
What are the prime moves of the abdominals
obliques
85
Transverse Abdominis function
Compresses the abdomen and tones abdominals and creates lift in the lower spine. DECOMPRESSES THE SPINE. major stabilizer of the spine. maintains lumbar curve. back bend stabilizer.
86
Uddiyana Bandha
Activation of the Lower Abdominals
87
Moola Bandha
Activation of the Pelvic Floor
88
SI where and function?
stabilization, symmetry, strength and length
where the sacrum and the ilium come together
89
pelvis is made up of what three bones?
Ilium (elephant ears)
Ischium or ischial tuberosities (bottom of loops/ sit bones)
Pubis (above loops)
90
ASIS
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (top front of elephant ears)
91
PSIS
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (top back of elephant ears)
92
parts of the vertebra
```
spinous process (middle point)
transverse process (side points)
vertebral body (big part with hole)
```
93
where does the spinal twist come from?
thoracic spine
94
chief extender of the spine
erector spinae
goes all the way from the tail bone to the base of the neck
95
actions of the quadratus lumborum
Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with ipsilateral contraction.
(Closed Chain)
Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction.
Fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration.
Elevates the Ilium (bone), with ipsilateral contraction. (Open Chain)
96
co stabilizers of the spine
transverse abdominus and multifidus (lil muscles on spine, mostly thoracic)
97
stretching is?
moving muscles in opposite direction from hoe it contracts
moving in two directions
98
psoas
trunk and hip flexion
99
Superficial Layer of spinal muscles
trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae/ rhomboids
mostly moves arms
100
Intermediate Layer
Erector Spinae
101
Deep Layer
Multifidus: Stabilize vertebrae, assists local extension, and rotary
motions. A Co- stabilizer with transverse abdominus.
Interspinales: Extension and Rotation
Transversalis: Lateral Flexion, Stabilize vertebral column
Rotatores: Trunk Rotation
