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Endocrine Final > Practice Test > Flashcards

Practice Test Flashcards

1
Q
  1. ANP is released by the atrial myocyctes in response to which of the following?
    a. stretch of the right atrial wall
    b. stimulation of the SNS
    c. stimulation of the parasympathetic NS
    d. release of aldosterone
A

a. stretch of the right atrial wall -more volume, ANP function to release more fluid in kidney

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2
Q
  1. Which hormone is not associated with parturition?
    a. cortisol
    b. Estriol
    c. HcG
    d. relaxin
A

c. HcG

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3
Q
  1. At the level of the hypothalamus, which of the following is not a function of ANP?
    a. stimulates ADH secretion
    b. inhibits thirst
    c. decreases Na+ appetite
    d. decreases vasomotor activity
A

a. stimulates ADH secretion

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4
Q
  1. How does ADH cause increase reabsorption o f water?
    a. insertion of aquaporins in the collecting duct
    b. insertion of aquaporins in the proximal convoluted tubule
    c. by reabsorbing more Na+, pulling water with it
    d. by minimizing fluid loss in the stool
A

a. insertion of aquaporins in the collecting duct -allows water to come back in collecting duct V2

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5
Q
  1. Puberty is characterized by all of the following except?
    a. down regulation of GnRH receptors in anterior pituitary
    b. increase in gonadal secretion of sex steroids
    c. pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus
    d. large nocturnal pulses of LH from the anterior pituiatary
A

a. down regulation of GnRH receptors in anterior pituitary

* it is up regulated

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following would be increased in salt loading?
    a. Plasma renin
    b. aldosterone release
    c. hematocrit
    d. ADH levels
A

d. ADH levels

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7
Q
  1. In what part of the female reproductive cycle does estradiole 17  from the ovary stimulate the anterior pituitary to release LH?
    a. follicular
    b. mid cycle
    c. luteal
    d. all of the above
    e. none of the above
A

b. mid cycle

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8
Q
  1. Ovaries normally develop in what week in the fetus with XX genotype?
    a. week 5
    b. week 7
    c. week 9
    d. not till birth
A

c. week 9

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following non organic produce typically has the highest pesticide load?
    a. avocados
    b. cabbage
    c. strawberries
    d. eggplant
A

c. strawberries

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10
Q
  1. A genetic male XY with androgen receptors that are absent in target tissues would likely have which of the following presentations?
    a. ovaries and underdeveloped female external genitalia
    b. testes and underdeveloped male external genitalia
    c. ovaries and underdeveloped male external genitalia
    d. testes and underdeveloped female external genitalia
A

d. testes and underdeveloped female external genitalia

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11
Q
  1. What is a major function of ghrelin?
    a. stimulate gastric acid secretion from the stomach
    b. inhibit hunger at the level of the hypothalamus
    c. stimulate release of bicarbonate from the pancreas
    d. inhibit gastric motility
A

a. stimulate gastric acid secretion from the stomach

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12
Q
  1. In dehydration, what happens to plasma osmolality?

a. increase b. decrease c. unchanged

A

a. increase

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13
Q
  1. Exposure to an endocrine disrupter early in life will typically manifest overt symptoms within 6 months.
    a. true b. false
A

b. false

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14
Q
  1. What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone?
    a. 21  hydroxylase
    b. 11  hydroxylase
    c. 17  hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    d. 5  reductase
A

d. 5 alpha reductase

* can also be inhibitory

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15
Q
  1. Osmole receptors are found in what area of the CNS?
    a. cerebellum
    b. cerebral cortex
    c. circumventricular organs
    d. supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei
A

c. circumventricular organs

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding the interaction of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P)in target tissues is true?
    a. E upregulates P receptors and P upregulates E receptors
    b. E downregulates P receptors and P upregulates E receptors
    c. E upregulates P receptors and P downregulates E receptors
    d. E downregulates P receptors and P downregulates E receptors
A

c. E upregulates P receptors and P downregulates E receptors

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17
Q
  1. What is the function of fetal cortisol during parturition?
    a. stimulates production of PGF 2
    b. relaxes the pubic ligament
    c. stimulates the release of oxytocin
    d.  the estrogen/progesterone ratio
A

d. Y the estrogen/progesterone ratio

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18
Q
  1. In hemorrhage, what happens to plasma osmolality?

a. increase b. decrease c. unchanged

A

c. unchanged

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19
Q
  1. Endocrine disrupters many mimic the effects of estrogen.

a. true b. false

A

a. true

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20
Q
  1. Which neurocrine is associated with relaxation of smooth muscle and decreases intestinal secretion of the GI tract?
    a. neuropeptide Y
    b. gastrin releasing peptide
    c. enkephalins
    d. substance P
A

a. neuropeptide Y

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21
Q
  1. Which regard to puberty in girls, which event is dependent on increasing secretion of adrenal androgens?
    a. appearance of pubic hair
    b. budding of the breast
    c. menarche
    d. growth spurt
A

a. appearance of pubic/axillary hair

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22
Q
  1. Salt loading is associated with overall volume expansion in the ECF.
    a. true b. false
A

a. true

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23
Q
  1. What is the direct precursor for testosterone?
    a. cortisol
    b. dehydroepiandrosterone
    c. androstenedione
    d. dihydrotestosterone
A

c. androstenedione

24
Q
  1. In the male what hormone stimulates growth and differentiation of wolffian ducts?
    a. antimullerian hormone
    b. testosterone
    c. activin
    d. dihydrotestosterone
A

b. testosterone

25
Q
  1. What GI tract hormone stimulates parietal cells to secrete hydrogen ions?
    a. gastrin
    b. secretin
    c. GIP
    d. CCK
A

a. gastrin

26
Q
  1. What is a major function of motilin?
    a. stimulate release of insulin
    b. migrating motility complex
    c. increases bicarbonate secretion
    d. inhibits contraction of the gall bladder
A

b. migrating motility complex

27
Q
  1. Signs and symptoms of menopause are due to the lack of which of the following?
    a. progesterone
    b. estrogen
    c. prolactin
    d. FSH/LH
A

b. estrogen

could be hormone replacement therapy

28
Q
  1. What hormone is associated with maturation of the lungs in the fetus allowing it to produce surfactant?
    a. maternal cortisol
    b. fetal cortisol
    c. maternal aldosterone
    d. fetal aldosterone
A

b. fetal cortisol

29
Q
  1. Enteroendocrine cells communicate most extensively with this division of the autonomic nervous system?
    a. sympathetic
    b. parasympathetic
    c. enteric
    d. hypothalamic
A

c. enteric

30
Q
  1. What plasma protein functions as a reservoir for circulating testosterone?
    a. 5  reductase
    b. fibrinogen
    c. sex-steroid binding globulin
    d. testosbumin
A

c. sex-steroid binding globulin

* 98% of circulating testosterone is bound to plasma proteins, only free testosterone is biologically active

31
Q
  1. During what stage does LH production exceed FSH production?
    a. childhood
    b. reproductive years
    c. old age
    d. none of the above
A

b. reproductive years

32
Q
  1. What is the major effect of GIP in response to glucose?
    a. stimulate release of epinephrine
    b. stimulate release of glucagon
    c. stimulate release of insulin
    d. decrease gut motility
A

c. stimulate release of insulin

33
Q
  1. Progestins and progesterone are synonymous.

a. true b. false

A

b. false

34
Q
  1. What is the dominant estrogen during pregnancy?
    a. Estriol
    b. Estradiol 17
    c. Estrone
    d. DHEA
A

a. Estriol

35
Q
  1. Removal of the pineal gland would have what effect on the onset of puberty?
    a. later onset of puberty
    b. earlier onset of puberty
    c. no change in onset of puberty
A

b. earlier onset of puberty

36
Q
  1. Which GLP inhibits glucagon secretion?
    a. GLP-1
    b. GLP-2
    c. both GLP-1 & GLP-2
    d. neither GLP-1 nor GLP-2
A

a. GLP-1

37
Q
  1. What is the immediate response to hemorrhage?
    a. release of ADH
    b. strong SNS stimulation
    c. stimulation of ANP
    d. inhibition of renin
A

b. strong SNS stimulation

38
Q
  1. What % of cells that line the GI tract are enteroendocrine cells (hormone secreting)?
    a. 1% b. 10% c. 50% d. 100%
A

a. 1%

39
Q
  1. What cells in the male testes synthesize testosterone?
    a. germ cells
    b. Leydig cells
    c. theca cells
    d. granulosa cells
    e. sertoli cells
A

b. Leydig cells

40
Q
  1. What duodenal gut hormone plays a major role in secretion of both pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate to neutralize acidic conditions in the duodenum?
    a. CCK
    b. motilin
    c. gastrin
    d. secretin
A

d. secretin

41
Q
  1. Female phenotypic sex is best described by which of the following?
    a. XX
    b. presence of ovaries
    c. presence of a vagina
    d. all of the above
A

c. presence of a vagina

* Phenotype refers to the physical characteristics of the internal genital tract and external genetalia

42
Q
  1. With regards to menopause symptoms, obese women tend to be more symptomatic than non obese women.
    a. true b. false
A

b. false

More adipose derived estrogen=minimized symptoms

43
Q
  1. In which of the following conditions are both PTH levels and plasma calcium levels abnormally high, along with an increased urinary excretion of calcium as well? Kidney stones are likely to develop.
    a. primary hyperparathyroidism
    b. secondary hyperparathyroidism
    c. familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
    d. psuedohypoparathyroidism
    e. all of the above
A

a. primary hyperparathyroidism

44
Q
  1. What is the function of aromatase in the ovaries?
    a. convert Pregnenolone to progesterone
    b. convert progesterone to estradiol 17 
    c. convert testosterone to estradiol 17 
    d. convert androstenedione to progesterone
A

c. convert testosterone to estradiol 17b

45
Q
  1. In which of the above conditions (question 29) are high plasma calcium levels sensed as normal and reabsorption is not decreased which maintains high levels of plasma calcium. In addition PTH levels are high and not inhibited as you might expect.
    a. primary hyperparathyroidism
    b. secondary hyperparathyroidism
    c. familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
    d. psuedohypoparathyroidism
    e. all of the above
A

c. Familial Hypocalcuric hypercalcemia

46
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a function of cholecytokinin?
    a. contraction of the gallbladder
    b. secretion of pancreatic enzymes
    c. inhibit release of pancreatic bicarbonate
    d. inhibit gastric emptying
A

c. inhibit release of pancreatic bicarbonate

47
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a function of Angiotensin II?
    a. stimulates thirst
    b. stimulates appetite for salt
    c. stimulates release of ADH
    d. stimulates release of ANP
A

d. stimulates release of ANP

48
Q
  1. What hormone decreases uterine threshold to contractile stimulation during pregnancy?
    a. estrogen
    b. prolactin
    c. oxytocin
    d. progesterone
A

a. estrogen

49
Q
  1. What phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by progesterone?
    a. follicular phase
    b. luteal phase
    c. ovulatory phase
    d. all of the above
A

b. luteal phase

50
Q
  1. Which of the following changes would cause the greatest release of ADH?
    a. 5% decrease in plasma volume
    b. 5% increase in plasma volume
    c. plasma osmolality increase > 280 mOsm/Kg
    d. plasma osmolality decrease < 280 mOsm/Kg
A

c. plasma osmolality increase > 280 mOsm/Kg

51
Q
  1. What cells in the female ovary synthesize progesterone?
    a. germ cells
    b. Leydig cells
    c. Theca cells
    d. granulosa cells
    e. sertoli cells
A

c. Theca cells

52
Q
  1. What hormone is in highest concentration in the blood in the last trimester of pregnancy?
    a. prolactin
    b. oxytocin
    c. HcG
    d. estradiol 17 
    e. progesterone
A

a. prolactin

53
Q
  1. What hormone has biologic activity most similar to LH
    a. cortisol
    b. relaxin
    c. HCG
    d. prolactin
A

c. HcG - basis for pregnancy test

54
Q
  1. What hormone prevents regression and maintains function of the corpus luteum during the first trimester of pregnancy?
    a. FSH
    b. LH
    c. HcG
    d. prolactin
    e. oxytocin
A

c. HcG-similar to LH in actions

55
Q
  1. If there was a significant decrease in both osmolality and volume, which of the following responses would occur?
    a. osmolality returned to normal, volume levels stay depleted
    b. volume returned to normal, osmolality stays low
    c. both are brought back partially, but both still low
A

b. volume returned to normal, osmolarity stays low

Endocrine Final (1 decks)

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