practicles paper 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
explain the setup of a stationary wave practical
- signal generator connected to an oscillator and a cathode ray oscilloscope
- connect string to the oscillator and wrap over a pully and place some masses on the end
- place a block bridge of the pully underneath the string to make the experiment for accurate and then make sure there is a meter gap between the oscillator and the block
what is the goal of the stationary wave required practical
investigating how length, tension or mass per unit length effect the frequency of the first harmonic
explain the method for the stationary wave practical.
- add 40 gram mass onto the string
- adjust frequency on the signal generator until first harmonic is visible (could use 2nd harmonic as this provides a more accurate measure)
- make sure the CRO is set to a time base that makes 1 wave very visible
- take a reading of the time period of 1 complete wave and do 1/T to find frequency
- put table recording frequency and tension (mg)
increase tension by 40 grams up to 200 grams - in a second column half all the frequency’s
- plot a graph of f^2 against T where 1/4L^2M is the gradient
what is the setup for the young’s modulus experiment
- place a lazar single slit and a double slit in series and a screen
what is the goal of the young’s double slit experiment
- investigate how slit separation, wavelength or distance between screen and slits can vary the fringe spacing
method for young’s double slit experiment
- make sure D is 0.5m
- make sure the lab is dark, single slit may not be required if the laser can illuminate both the slits on the double slit slide
- keep all other variables constant like other distances, wavelength
- make sure the screen and laser are perfectly perpendicular and centered
- measure the width of 10 fringes on the screen (bright spot to bright spot or dark spot to dark spot)
- recorded results in a table of D and w
- repeat changes D by 0.1 m up to 1.5 m
repeat to calculate a mean
graph of W against D will give a gradient of λ/s
explain the setup for diffraction grating
- setup a laser in series with a diffraction grating and a white screen
explain the setup for the determination of g practical
- clamp stand with an electromagnet to drop a steel ball from through a light gate
- place a counter weight on the clamp stand and a pad to stop the steel ball damaging
explain the method for the determination of g practical
- -place light gate 0.5 m below ball
- measure the distance from the midpoint of the light gate to the midpoint of the card
- drop the ball and measure v
- repeat for values of s from 0.5m - 1m
- plot a graph of v^2 against s
- the gradient is 2a
explain the setup of the determination of the young’s modulus practical
place 1 m wire attached to a fixed end over a pully and dangle masses on the end
- directly underneath the wire and close to it place a ruler and but some tape around the wire at the 1cm mark on the ruler
explain the method for the determination of the young’s modulus practical
- measure the diameter of the wire in three places along it using a micrometer and find the mean
- add 100 gram masses measuring the extension each time on the ruler, record until there is 10 values of extension or the wire breaks
- perform experiment 3 times to calculate mean
- plot a graph of force against extension where the gradient x L/A = E
explain the setup for the determination of a resistivity of the wire practical
- battery in series s with an ammeter or microammeter and wire.
Use a crocodile clip to connect to wire and place a voltmeter in parallel with components
explain the method for the resistivity practical
- calculate the area of the wire measuring in three places to find the mean
- Start with 20cm of wire (below this and there might be significant heating)
- for different lengths from 20 cm to 1m take readings of V and Making sure to turn the circuit off between readings to avoid heating
- R from V/I and plot a graph of R against L where the gradient is ρ/A
explain the setup for the EMF and internal resistance practical
battery in series with a ammeter and variable resistor with a voltmeter across the resistor
explain the method for the EMF and internal resistance practical
- make sure current is below 1 for no heating
- vary resistance using the slide (10 - 100 ohms)
- take readings of current and voltage
- plot graph of V against I
explain the setup for the SHM mass spring practical
- clamp stand with a spring and mass attached,
blue tack a fudical mark to the bottom of the mass spring, - place another fudical mark 5 cm below the first
explain the method for SHM mass spring system
- Place 50 gram mass on spring record the the time period for 10 complete oscillations
- place a further 50 grams on and move fudicial marks to the correct position then repeat for mass from 50 grams to 250 grams
- for each weight do three measurements and calculate a mean
- plot graph of T^2 against M to find k
explain the setup for the SHM pendulum
- string with bob on the end hung from a fixed point with a fudicial mark directly under the equilibrium position
explain the method for the SHM pendulum practical
- Displace the pendulum by a small angle (less than 10 degrees)
- measure time period of 10 oscillations and repeat three times to find a mean
- plot graph of t^2 against L where the gravitational field strength can be found from the gradient
