practicum

Question 1

collection and transport of specimens

Answer 1

name, date, intials
midstream clean catch
transport in sterile cup ASAP

Question 2

what test differentiates staph aureus from nonpathogenic staph?

Answer 2

coagulase

Question 3

principle of the catalase test

Answer 3

differentiate staph from strep

Question 4

what test is used to distinguish the coliform bacteria from the enteric pathogens?

Answer 4

TSI to determine nonlactose fermentors

6.5% NaCl (Enterococcoc, Strep D and Strep V)

Question 5

what type of collection is not appropriate for anaerobic culture?

Answer 5

swab

Question 6

how could you differentiate Listeria monocyteges from Corynebacterium diptheroids?

Answer 6

Listeria motility +

Listeria camp test +

Question 7

how could you differentiate Alpha Strep from strep pneumo?

Answer 7

p disk (strep pnuemo +)

Question 8

what agar is used for kirby-bauer sensisitivity testing?

Answer 8

mueller hinton

Question 9

which enteric pathogen would be least likely to survive if the stool is left at room temp for an extended period of time or refrigerated?

Answer 9

shigella

Question 10

organisms that cause food poisoning?

Answer 10

campy
E. coli
shigella
salmonella
staph aureus

Question 11

what organism is gram = rod, motile, oxidase +, with a grape like odor?

Answer 11

psuedomonas aeriginosa

Question 12

which genus contains chromogenic, gram = motile rods which have been implicated in septicemia, pulmonary and urinary tract infections?

Answer 12

serratia

Question 13

what is the most common organism in the human intestine?

Answer 13

bacteroides

Question 14

which genus and species is best cultured in an alkaline peptone medium and causes a severe type of diarrhea producing rice water stools?

Answer 14

vibrio cholera

Question 15

to which lancefield group do most of the human pathogens which are beta hemolytic streptococci belong?

Answer 15

group A (pyogenes)

Question 16

how do you differentiate the genus enterobacter from the genus klebsiella?

Answer 16

Entero motility +

Klebsiella motility =

Question 17

Interpret K/K, alkaline/alkaline

Answer 17

nonfermentor

Question 18

interpret K/A, alkaline/acid

Answer 18

glucose fermentor only

Question 19

interpret A/A, acid/acid

Answer 19

lactose and/or sucrose

Question 20

interpert H2S

Answer 20

hydrogen sulfide production

gas

Question 21

the satellite phenomenon indicates that staphylococci produce which factor?

Answer 21

V factor

Question 22

what is beta-lactamase?

Answer 22

enzyme produced by bacteria to inhibit penicillins….resistant to penicillins

Question 23

what sugar is fermented by all enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 23

glucose

Question 24

meningitis due to Hemophilius influenza is most common in which age group?

Answer 24

infants to young children

Question 25

which genera of Enterobactericiae are non-motile?

Answer 25

klebsiella and shigella

Question 26

which genera of Enterobacteriaceae are resistant to many antibiotics and are frequently found in nosocomial infections?

Answer 26

serretia, proteus

Question 27

which organism is most frequently isolated from a cat or dog bite?

Answer 27

pasteurella, multocida

Question 28

from what type of specimen are members of the genus lactobacillus isolated?

Answer 28

GI track, vaginal and urine (from females)

Question 29

what steps must be taken to identify campylobacter in laboratory?

Answer 29

use campy plate incubate at 42 degrees in CO2 oxidase + gmst (bent rods) "seagulls"

Question 30

what antibiotics are added to Thayer-Martin media?

Answer 30

Vancomycin ( inhibits gram +) Colistin (inhibits gram =) Nystatin (inhibits fungi)

Question 31

what are faculative organisms?

Answer 31

grows aerobic or anaerobic

Question 32

in the performance of a gram stain what effect would omitting iodine step have on the final color of the gram positive and gram neg organism?

Answer 32

crystal violet would not adhere to the cells and the stain will be pink

Question 33

which organism can be normal in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 33

small amounts of pathogens are normal, must be more than the amount of NF to be significant

Question 34

which sterilization method utilizing heat is the most effective and useful method for the clinical lab?

Answer 34

steam autoclave

Question 35

which organism could staphyloccocus growing on | SBA be confused with?

Answer 35

Group A strep

Question 36

appearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a urethral smear

Answer 36

intracellular gram negative coffee bean shaped diplococci

Question 37

if organisms are seen on a direct gram-stained smear but are not recovered on routine culture, what type of organism is implicated?

Answer 37

anaerobic organism

Question 38

which body fluid is often cultured in an effort to trace Salmonella typhi carriers

Answer 38

bile

Question 39

what is the appearance of an encapsulated organism on blood agar and what effect does the capsule have on the organisms virulence?

Answer 39

mucoid | increased virulence

Question 40

principle of the decarboxylase test

Answer 40

reactions: purple---yellow = purple +

Question 41

deifinition of MIC

Answer 41

minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial growth

Question 42

incubation conditions for anaerobes

Answer 42

no oxygen (bio-bag) and placed in a gas pak providing CO2 at 36 degrees. Use anaerobic media

Question 43

what terms are used to describe the morphology of the members of the genus corynebacterium?

Answer 43

chinese letters picket fence palisade

Question 44

characteristics of bacterial spores

Answer 44

hard and thick walled capsule, dormant, non-reproductive

Question 45

interpretations of reactions on XLD

Answer 45

highly selective also differential - salmonella (red colonies with black centers) - shigella (red colonies, lac pos (yellow)

Question 46

biochemical characteristics of E. coli

Answer 46

lactose fermentor indole and methyl red pos urea and H2S neg

Question 47

appearance and pathogenicity of klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 47

large, pink, mucoid on mac

Question 48

what screening test is used in the laboratory to differentiate E. Coli 0157:H from normal strains of E. Coli?

Answer 48

mac w/sorbital | latex agglutination serotyping

Question 49

what test can be used to differentiate the two species of proteus?

Answer 49

p. vulgarius indole + | p. mirabilit indole =

Question 50

which species might be considered as contaminants if they were isolated from a blood culture?

Answer 50

staph epi diptheroids bacillus

Question 51

If two organisms are to be used as quality controls, for a particular test or procedure, should the reactions be the same or different?

Answer 51

They have to be different, one demonstrating a positive reaction one demonstrating a neg reaction

Question 52

what are the designations for the cell wall, flagellar and capsular antigens in bacteria?

Answer 52

cell wall = O | flagella = H

Question 53

which antigens can mask the cell wall antigen in serological typing?

Answer 53

K or Vi

Question 54

the safety hood should be used for which procedures in micro?

Answer 54

respiratory, AFB, fungal, stool cultures

Question 55

what characteristics of a specimen might cause you to suspect an anaerobe and on what type of laboratory media should such a culture be inoculated?

Answer 55

strong odor from a deep wound or abcess | BAP, MAC, CHOC, PEA, ANA, ET tube

Question 56

what is the gram stain morphology of bacteroides and fusobacterium?

Answer 56

Bacteroides: GNR with round ends (pleomorphic) Fusobacterium: GNR pointed ends

Question 57

what types of specimens are suitable for anaerobic culture?

Answer 57

deep wounds, abscesses, tissue, blood, transtracheal aspirate, sterile body fluid, suprapubic urine

Question 58

what types of specimens are unsuitable for anaerobic culture?

Answer 58

anything thing that comes in contact with O2

Question 59

what gram stain morphology of Neisseria meningitidis and what sugars are utilized?

Answer 59

gram neg diplococci, coffee bean shaped | glucose and maltose

Question 60

what stains are used for staining memebers of the genus mycobacterium?

Answer 60

ziehl-neelsen

Question 61

why is n-acetyl-l-cystine the most common agent used for sputum concentration for AFB cultures?

Answer 61

it is a mucolytic agent that breaks up the specimen and enhances the recovery of mycobacteria; destroys NF; good recovery of AFB

Question 62

what is the colonial morphology of mycobacterium tuberculosis on Lownestein-Jensen medium?

Answer 62

rough tough (appearance) and buff (colored), fuzzy, heaped up

Question 63

what can be used as a clearing agent to remove protein material from a mycology specimen?

Answer 63

KOH

Question 64

what is the procedure of choice for the demonstration of cyrptococcus in CSF?

Answer 64

indian INk

Question 65

what is the best single medium for the primary isolation of fungi?

Answer 65

Sabourauds (SABS) SDA

Question 66

what stage in the development of a parasite is best demonstrated by permanent stained smear?

Answer 66

troph

Question 67

which method of concentrating stool specimen is best for which parasites?

Answer 67

flotation-nematodes, cestode eggs, and coccidia oocysts | sedementation- trematode eggs operulated dont show on flotation, they will sink

Question 68

what is the appearance of the cyst of entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 68

mature has 4 nuclei, immature has fewer than 4 nuclei, even staining, cigar shaped chromatid

Question 69

how can differentiate the various species of plasmodium

Answer 69

p. falciparum 8-36 merizoites | p. malariae 6-12 merozoites

Question 70

which genera are oxidase positive?

Answer 70

psuedomonas, neisseria, and campy

Question 71

which fungi are dimorphic?

Answer 71

``` coccidiodes imitis blastomyces dermatisis hitoplasma capsulatum paracoccidioides brazilliensis sporothrix shenckii ```

Question 72

hemophilus aegypticus

Answer 72

pink eye

Question 73

bordetella pertussis

Answer 73

whooping cough

Question 74

brucella abortus

Answer 74

brucellosis/malto fever/ undulant fever

Question 75

hemophilus influenza

Answer 75

meningitis

Question 76

hemophilus ducrey

Answer 76

chancroid

Question 77

bacillus anthracis

Answer 77

anthrax

Question 78

clostridium perfringens

Answer 78

gangrene

Question 79

clostridium tetanus

Answer 79

lock jaw

Question 80

listeria monocytogenes

Answer 80

still birth

Question 81

clostridium difficile

Answer 81

psuedomoembranous diptheria

Question 82

borrelia recurrentis

Answer 82

relapsing fever

Question 83

letospira

Answer 83

hemorrhagic jaundice

Question 84

treponema pallidum

Answer 84

syphilis

Question 85

enteric fever

Answer 85

salmonella typhi

Question 86

treponema carateum

Answer 86

pinta

Question 87

treponema pertenue

Answer 87

yaws

Question 88

corynebacterium diptheria

Answer 88

klebs-lobeffler bacillus

Question 89

klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 89

freedlanders bacillus

Question 90

haemophilus aegyptius

Answer 90

kock-weeks bacillus

Question 91

streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 91

lobar pneumonia, sepsis