Pragmatics Flashcards
humour
use of comedy
implied meaning
what you can infer from lexis or a text
connotations
what lexis can mean and symbolise
sarcasm
ironic utterances and use of wit
Satire
wit, irony and a text that focuses on ridiculing human follies and vices
face
The image that we present ourselves as to other people. For example one might present themselves as a loving friend or a knowledgable student.
face needs
Adhering to someone’s “face” and giving them supportive feedback relating to what they are presenting themselves as.
Face threatening
When someone may mock someone else’s “face”. Something can be said or done which would challenge a person’s face to be deemed face threatening.
Convergence/Divergence
do speakers converge or diverge in:
1. politeness
2. lexical choices
3. accent and dialect
Convergence
When the speech styles of two or more people move closer to each other in order to reduce the social distance between them
Divergence
When the speech styles of two or more people more away from each other in order to increase the social distance between them
How can participants be supportive
- Use of back-channelling to show that they are listening
- Grice’s Maxims
- Lakoff’s Politeness Principal
- Asking questions and including everyone
Back channeling
can be verbal (mhhm, ok) and non verbal (head nod)
Grice’s maxims
Quantity
Quality
Relevance
Manner
Lakoff politeness principle
Don’t impose
Give options
Make receiver feel good
