Praxis 5002 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is Phonology?
The study of producing & understanding speech sounds.
Phonology focuses on the sound systems of languages.
Define Morphology.
The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.
Morphology examines the structure of words and their meaningful components.
What does Syntax refer to?
The rules, principles and processes that govern the ways words are arranged in sentences.
Syntax is essential for sentence structure and grammar.
What is Semantics?
Making sense of text and relaying meaningful connections.
Semantics deals with meaning in language.
What is Prosody?
Intonation & rhythm of speech: pitch, stress.
Prosody contributes to the emotional tone and meaning of spoken language.
Define Pragmatics.
All factors besides the words themselves that affect how someone interprets your meaning.
Pragmatics includes non-verbal cues like body language and cultural context.
What does Syntactic (Structure) refer to?
Knowledge of how the structure of language works.
This involves understanding how sentences are formed.
What is Graphophonic (Visual)?
Ability to sound out words or recognize them holistically (visually).
This skill is crucial for reading development.
List the Forms of emergent writing.
- Drawing
- Scribbling
- Letter-like
- Prephonemic spelling
- Copying
- Invented spelling
- Conventional spelling
These stages reflect a child’s progression in writing.
What are the Stages of Reading Development?
- Emergent Reader
- Early Reader
- Transitional Reader
- Fluent Reader
Each stage represents different levels of reading skills.
Define Emergent Reader.
Recognizing letters, words and some language patterns.
Emergent readers begin to understand the basics of reading.
What characterizes an Early Reader?
Beginning to focus attention on letter-sound relationships.
Early readers start to connect sounds with letters.
What is a Transitional Reader?
Uses several strategies to predict a word and pays close attention to visual cues & language patterns.
Transitional readers are developing more complex reading strategies.
Define a Fluent Reader.
Understand & confident about text and maintains meaning through longer & more complex stretches of language.
Fluent readers can read with comprehension and expression.
What is a Compound Sentence?
Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction with a comma, a semicolon, a colon, a dash or a conjunction with a semicolon.
Compound sentences combine multiple ideas.
Define a Complex Sentence.
Has an independent clause AND at least one dependent clause.
Complex sentences express more nuanced ideas.
What is a Simple Sentence?
One independent clause.
Simple sentences convey a single thought.
Define a Compound-Complex Sentence.
At least two independent clauses AND at least one dependent clause.
Compound-complex sentences combine multiple independent and dependent clauses.
What are Qualitative Factors?
Are subjective. Factors that only a person can see.
Qualitative factors are often based on personal judgment.
What are Quantitative Factors?
Are objective. Sentence length, # of difficult words in a sentence.
Quantitative factors are measurable and data-driven.
What are Ways of segmenting words?
- Morphemes
- Syllables
- Onsets & rimes
- Phonemes
Understanding these units helps in reading and spelling.
Define Affixes.
Morphemes that can’t stand alone.
Affixes modify the meaning of root words.
What are the Types of Affixes?
- Prefix
- Suffix
Affixes can be added to the beginning or end of root words.
What is a Prefix?
Placed BEFORE a root word to form a new word with a different meaning.
Examples include ‘un-‘ in ‘undo’.
