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Praxis 5001 > Praxis 5005 (Science) > Flashcards

Praxis 5005 (Science) Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to Density and Temperature of the Earth as you approach the center

A

_____ and _____ increase moving towards the center of the Earth

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2
Q

Earth Composition (3 parts)

A
  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
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3
Q

Crust

A

Outermost solid layer of Earth

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4
Q

Mantle

A

ductile layer of Earth
- some parts can flow under certain conditions. Composed of mainly aluminum and silicates

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5
Q

Core

A

innermost layer of earth
- Outercore (liquid)
- Innercore (solid)
Made of mostly nickel and iron

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6
Q

Mechanical layers of Earth

A
  • Lithosphere
  • Asthenosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • OuterCore
  • InnerCore
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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

outermost and most rigid layer. Includes the crust and the lop layer of the mantle

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

soft plastic

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9
Q

Mesosphere

A

Beneath Asthenosphere. Lower mantle made of stiffer plastic

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10
Q

Outer Core

A

liquid iron and nickel. Only layer that is a true liquid

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11
Q

Inner Core

A

solid ball. Neither solid nor liquid “super ionic”

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12
Q

Earth’s Spheres

A
  • Lithosphere
  • Hydrosphere
  • Biosphere
  • Cryosphere
  • Atmosphere
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13
Q

Hydrosphere

A

all water in liquid form

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14
Q

Biosphere

A

global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms

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15
Q

Cryosphere

A

the masses of frozen water

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16
Q

Atmosphere

A

the layer of gasses that surround the planet
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% other gasses

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17
Q

Seismic waves

A

elastic wave caused by earthquakes. 3 types

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18
Q

Primary (P-Waves)

A

Fastest seismic wave. Can travel through solid, liquid, and gas.

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19
Q

Secondary (S-waves)

A

1/2 the speed of primary seismic waves. Can travel through rock but not liquid or gas

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20
Q

Surface Waves

A

Seismic waves that move along Earth’s surface. Slowest.

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21
Q

soil

A

Mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many organisms that support life.

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22
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants suck water up from roots and transfer to small pores in leaves, releasing water to vapor

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23
Q

How old is earth and when did life start?

A

4.5 billion years old. Life started 3.8 billion years ago

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24
Q

What are the 4 eons?

A

1 - Haeden
2 - Archean
3 - Proterozoic
4 - Phanerozoic

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25
Haedon Eon
Eon where Earth is formed but there is no life.
26
Archean Eon
Prokaryotic life emerges in this eon
27
Proterozoic Eon
Eukaryotes emerge in this eon
28
Phanerozoic Eon
Complex life moves to land in the eon. This is the current eon we are in.
29
Igneous rock
lava, magma (granite, pumice)
30
Metamorphic rock
heat pressure (marble, slate)
31
Sedimentary rock
deposition, cementation (limestone, shale)
32
Order of the planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
33
What planet is similar to Earth's size, density, and mass?
Venus
34
What planet is similar to Earth's rotation and axis tilt?
Mars
35
Comets
Chunks of ice and rock originating outside the solar system
36
Asteroids
Chunks of rock and metal in orbit between Mars and Jupiter
37
Meterorites
Small asteroids
38
What causes Earth's seasons?
Earth's axis tilt
39
Geocentric Theory
Earth is center of Universe
40
Heliocentric Theory
Copernicus - Sun is center of Universe
41
Cell Theory
1- all living things are composed of cells 2- the cell is the smallest unit of life 3- all cells come from pre-existing cells
42
Prokaryote
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelle. Asexual.
43
Eukaryote
Multicellular organism with membrane bound organelles
44
Prokaryote examples
Archaea and bacteria
45
Cellular membrane
fluid permeable outside covering of the cell. In a plant this is called cell wall and is rigid.
46
Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
47
Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight --> Glucose + Oxygen
48
4 Main types of Asexual Reproduction
1 - Binary Fission 2 - Budding 3 - Fragmentation 4 - Parthenogenesis
49
Binary Fission
Single parent cell doubles in DNA then divides into 2 cells (bacteria)
50
Budding
Small growth on the surface of parent breaks off to continue to adulthood (yeast)
51
Fragmentation
Piece of organism breaks off a develops into a new organism (starfish)
52
Parthenogenesis
Embryo develops from an unfertilized egg (Invertebrates and reptiles)
53
Phases of Mitosis
- Interphase - Prophase - Metaphase - Anaphase - Telophase
54
Interphase
Cell prepares for division by doubling DNA
55
Prophase
DNA coils into chromosomes. Nuclear membrane dissolves. Spindle fibers begin to appear on opposite sides.
56
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle. Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
57
Anaphase
Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart
58
Telophase
2 new cells pinch off forming identical sister cells. Cytokinesis - cuts the cell in 2.
59
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction. 2 step process. Sex cells have 23 chromosomes each and together (egg and sperm) contribute to the total 46.
60
Trisomy
Extra chromosome in one cell
61
DNA contains a code of 4 nitrogen bases
Adenine (A) and Thymine (T). Cytosine (C) and Guamine (G)
62
Gregor Mendel
Father of Genetics. Used pea plants
63
Carl Linnaeus
Taxonomy (Systema Naturae)
64
Atomic Number tells you...
The number of protons
65
Characteristic of water: Cohesion
water to water
66
Characteristic of water: Adhesion
water to other molecules
67
Characteristic of water: High heat of evaporation
sweating
68
ions
charged elements or molecules that have lost or gained one or more electrons (+ or - electron)
69
isotopes
2 or more forms of the same element with same number of protons but not neutrons (+ or - neutron)
70
Force
the change in motion (mV) per change in times. mass x acceleration
71
Density
found by dividing mass by volume
72
convection
transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter (oven)
73
conduction
transfer of heat from particle to particle (spoon in soup)
74
radiation
transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space (heat off fire)

Praxis 5001 (4 decks)

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