Praxis 5019

Question 1

Digraph

Answer 1

a pair of characters used together to represent a single sound (sh, th, etc)

Question 2

Dipthong

Answer 2

Going from one vowel to another without discernible difference

Question 3

Onset

Answer 3

the consonant sound that comes before the first vowel in a syllable (“sw” in “swim”)

Question 4

Rime

Answer 4

the entire syllable excluding the onset (“im” in “swim”)

Question 5

Blend

Answer 5

weaving individual sounds together to produce a word

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

the smallest unit of sound

Question 7

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 7

Each phoneme should have its own distinctive graphic representation

Question 8

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 8

the awareness that individual letters have specific sounds associated with them.

Question 9

Phonics

Answer 9

associating sounds with writing

Question 10

Phonological Awareness

Answer 10

the awareness that words are made up of sounds

Question 11

Emergent Literacy

Answer 11

when a child uses books and writing materials to pretend to read/write, even though they don’t know how

Question 12

Guided reading

Answer 12

The teacher gives the students a structure for and tells them the purpose of their reading, as well as a structure for how to respond to the text

Question 13

Round-Robin reading/Popcorn reading

Answer 13

students take turns reading from the book

Question 14

Echo reading

Answer 14

the teacher reads a line from a book and the students repeat it

Question 15

Choral reading

Answer 15

students read aloud at the same time as the teacher

Question 16

All-in-the-gap reading

Answer 16

teachers read from a book and pause occasionally to have the students chime in with the appropriate rhyming or predictable word

Question 17

Shared reading

Answer 17

echo, choral, or fill-in-the-gap

Question 18

big books

Answer 18

books that are very large, with large print and pictures

Question 19

Decode

Answer 19

look at written text and “translate” it into spoken sounds

Question 20

Sight words

Answer 20

words that a student recognizes on sight, rather than having to first sound them out

Question 21

Fluency

Answer 21

how well a student is able to read something

Question 22

Encode

Answer 22

take spoken sounds and “encode” them as written words

Question 23

Narrative Writing

Answer 23

writing that tells a story and has chronology

Question 24

Descriptive writing

Answer 24

writing that describes something to the senses, designed to affect the readers emotions

Question 25

Persuasive writing

Answer 25

Writing that tries to convince the reader of something

Question 26

Expository Writing

Answer 26

Writing that tries to inform the reader of something, doesn't matter if the reader uses the info or has their mind changes, it is just to give the information

Question 27

Cloze Procedure

Answer 27

students fill in missing words based on context

Question 28

Rubric

Answer 28

a method of scoring work using a numerical value where each value is associated with certain characteristics

Question 29

Formative Assessment

Answer 29

assessing a studnets understanding as you teach (homework, in class, journals, etc)

Question 30

Cumulative Assessment

Answer 30

Assessing a students understanding at the end (unit test)

Question 31

Criterion-Referenced Test

Answer 31

students are tested to see how much of a subject they actually understand based on specific learning criteria not other students

Question 32

Norm-Referenced test

Answer 32

students are tested to see how much of a subject they understood as compared to other students in their age group

Question 33

Reciprocal Teaching

Answer 33

the teacher models a concept then the students form groups and take turns leading small-group discussion about the concpept

Question 34

Cooperative Teaching

Answer 34

teachers join together to teach a concept

Question 35

Scaffolded Instruction

Answer 35

teacher provide temporary support to a student who is not ready to perform the task independently

Question 36

Modeling

Answer 36

teacher modeling how to do something then has the student do it.

Question 37

Inquiry Teaching

Answer 37

students are encouraged to ask questions and the teacher simply asks more questions rather than answering

Question 38

Think-Pair-Share

Answer 38

teacher asks a question, students think about it, then pair up to discuss and then they share their thoughts

Question 39

Jigsaw Method

Answer 39

students are assigned to a group to become experts on their topic, then they leave their group and form another group where they teach their classmates about their topic

Question 40

Wait time

Answer 40

by pausing after asking a question, the teacher generates longer and more thoughtful answers from their students

Question 41

Auditory learners

Answer 41

learn best through verbal instruction

Question 42

Visual learners

Answer 42

learn best by seeing

Question 43

Kinesthetic/tactile learners

Answer 43

Learn best by doing

Question 44

Cooperative Learning

Answer 44

students are put in groups to complete a task or learn a concept

Question 45

Blooms taxonomy

Answer 45

learning is a process involving... 1. knowledge 2. comprehension 3. application 4. Analysis 5. Synthesis 6. Evaluation

Question 46

Blooms taxonomy level 1

Answer 46

Knowledge: obtaining information

Question 47

Blooms taxonomy level 2

Answer 47

Comprehension: understanding the information obtained

Question 48

Blooms taxonomy level 3

Answer 48

Application: use the information in different situations

Question 49

Blooms taxonomy level 4

Answer 49

Analysis: analyze the information so you can understand sub-parts, and see how it compares to other information

Question 50

Blooms taxonomy level 5

Answer 50

Synthesis: combine the information with previously learned information to come up with new information/conclusions

Question 51

Blooms taxonomy level 6

Answer 51

Evaluation: use the information to make the best judgment possible about something

Question 52

peer tutor

Answer 52

a student who understand a certain concept helps those who are struggling

Question 53

Cross age tutor

Answer 53

an older student helping a younger one

Question 54

divergent thinking

Answer 54

students explore many possible solutions to a problem. often creative with no one right answer

Question 55

Grand conversation

Answer 55

a conversation between all students in class directed by students with the teacher observing

Question 56

Constructivism

Answer 56

students learn by taking experiences and seeing how they fit into their view of the world or by changing their view of the world to fit their experience

Question 57

Story Boards

Answer 57

a comic-strip-like sequence of boxes where each box depicts a scene from a story, in order the boards represent the entire story

Question 58

Concept maps

Answer 58

a diagram that shows relationships among concepts. it uses boxes for concepts and arrows to show how they connect to each other

Question 59

Venn diagram

Answer 59

used to compare and contrast two or more things