Praxis 5025 Form 1 & 2

Question 1

Which of the following is most effective in helping young children develop phonological awareness?

A.Singing songs with simple rhymes
B.Singing the alphabet song
C.Using large markers to print letters
D.Looking for environmental print

Answer 1

A.Singing songs with simple rhymes
(Phonemes are the sounds of a language that children must learn in order to speak and later to read. Such sounds are learned by hearing them over and over and repeating them. When children sing songs with simple rhymes, they are making the sounds of the language that a parent or a teacher is encouraging them to reproduce.)

Question 2

A first-grade student, Kyle, has drawn an elaborate picture of a garden in his journal and has written: “I LK RD FLRS.” Kyle’s sentence suggests that an appropriate next step in his development as a writer would be learning to

A.print lowercase letters
B.use medial vowel sounds
C.blend consonant sounds
D.recognize common sight words

Answer 2

B.use medial vowel sounds
(Kyle’s written work indicates that he does not use vowels between consonants. He seems to know the alphabet, and he now needs to include more of the sounds that are actually in the words he writes. He can be taught to do this by saying words slowly or stretching words and hearing the vowels, such as the /i/ in like or the /e/ in red.)

Question 3

Graphic novels are effective for third-grade students because they

A.provide interesting plots for advanced readers
B.allow development of visual and verbal literacy
C.demonstrate the use of similes and metaphors
D.display charts and graphs in a variety of ways

Answer 3

B.allow development of visual and verbal literacy
(Graphic novels use visual illustrations to portray a story and require students to use inference skills to understand the meaning of the text. Graphic novels rely on the reader to construct the story by actively integrating visuals presented in the text.)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a student at the semiphonetic stage of spelling development?

A.Places vowels in syllables
B.Imitates writing by copying random strings of letters
C.Understands word structure
D.Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters

Answer 4

D.Recognizes that sounds in words are represented by letters
(Semiphonetic spellers understand that sounds are represented by letters and often abbreviate spelling using initial and final sounds.)

Question 5

A kindergarten teacher opens a book to the middle of the story and asks a student, “Where on this page should I begin reading?” It is most likely that the teacher is attempting to evaluate the student’s

A.ability to draw inferences from text
B.phonological knowledge
C.concepts about print
D.understanding of syntax

Answer 5

C.concepts about print
(Some of the concepts of print that students must learn are that a book has a front and a back; that people begin reading words printed on the page starting at the front of the book, from the top of the page, and moving from left to right; that when readers come to the end of one line, they go to the beginning of the next line; that a period tells the reader to stop and pause; and that a question mark shows that a question is being asked.)

Question 6

A teacher gives each student in a class a list containing the words “whale,” “three,” “ship,” and “chew.” Then the teacher says, “Circle the two letters in each word that go together to make the new sounds we have been learning about.” The exercise can most appropriately be used to assess the students’ ability to recognize which of the following?

A.Consonant blends
B.Double vowel sounds
C.Short vowel sounds
D.Consonant digraphs

Answer 6

D.Consonant digraphs
(In each of the words given, there is a pair of letters that makes one sound. These pairs are “wh,” “th,” “sh,” and “ch.” The letters in the pairs are consonants, and the pair is called a consonant digraph.)

Question 7

Learning to differentiate among words that have common roots by looking at the modifications that result when prefixes or suffixes (such as “pre-,” “un-,” “dis-,” “-tive,” “-tion,” and “-ment”) are added to known roots is accomplished through the use of

A.morphological analysis
B.configuration cues
C.contextual clues
D.phonemic analysis

Answer 7

A.morphological analysis
(Morphology is the study of morphemes, which are words, word stems, and affixes, basically the units of language one up from phonemes.)

Question 8

Which of the following students composes both sentences as simple sentences?

A.Mario: At school. Everyone does work.
B.Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house.
C.Anna: She’s smiling because the dog came back. After he came back, he wanted food.
D.Jacquelyn: Drive fast! We’ll be late if we don’t hurry.

Answer 8

B.Jackson: He played at the park. Mom went to the house.
(Simple sentences are also called independent clauses, and contain a subject and a verb. Both sentences contain a subject and a verb.)

Question 9

Which of the following is the most appropriate time to encourage young children to start writing?

A.As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker
B.When they first recognize the speech-print relationship
C.After they have learned left-to-right orientation
D.When they show they can follow instructions

Answer 9

A.As soon as they can hold a crayon or marker
(As soon as children can hold a crayon or marker, they should be provided with opportunities to make scribbles, marks, letters, and pictures. According to Lev Vygotsky, when children draw and make marks, they are developing an awareness of written language and can then interact with other more competent writers in their environment. When children pretend to write, they are learning to use symbols to communicate their ideas, and this is the essence of being a writer and a reader.)

Question 10

A class is reading a story in which the main character is facing a dilemma. Which of the following activities is most likely to encourage the students to think ahead and collaboratively generate solutions to the character’s dilemma?

A.Categorizing the characters in the book into groups of major and minor importance
B.Having students independently make a list of five possible solutions
C.Showing the students a video version of the story
D.Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions

Answer 10

D.Having students work in small groups to role-play possible solutions
(Only option (D) involves the students in collaborative problem solving about a book they are reading together.)

Question 11

A teacher notices that a student has written the words “goed” and “breaked” in a story. Which of the following best describes the error the student is making?

A.Applying a wrong verb tense
B.Using a compound predicate
C.Using suffixes in a novel way
D.Overapplying a recently learned rule

Answer 11

D.Overapplying a recently learned rule
(The student in the scenario has learned how to form the past tense of a verb by adding “ed” to the present tense. However, the student has not yet internalized that there are exceptions to the rule, resulting in “breaked” rather than “broke,” and “goed” rather than “went.”)

Question 12

The “ake” in the words “bake” and “snake” is an example of which of the following?

A.A phoneme-grapheme relationship
B.A long-vowel /a/ digraph
C.A morpheme
D.A rime

Answer 12

D.A rime
(A rime is the part of a syllable that consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it. Two common rimes are “it” and “at.” It is the part of a syllable that is used in a nursery or poetic rhyme. In the familiar nursery rhyme, “Hickory, Dickory, Dock,” the rime is “ock.”)

Question 13

Third-grade students are creating a story map as they read about the donkey Sylvester, who has turned into a rock. The most important benefit of the story-mapping activity is that it will help the students

A.improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events
B.make connections to other characters who have solved a problem
C.develop a vocabulary they can use in writing their own stories
D.understand the essential features of a problem and its solution

Answer 13

A.improve their comprehension of the story by organizing and sequencing events
(Story mapping is the process of using a tool that helps students identify all the elements of a story: characters, setting, problem, solution. It may be as simple as a graphic organizer on paper or an interactive computer tool. Its use ensures that all the elements of a story are considered.)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why it is necessary to teach unfamiliar, academic vocabulary to students who are English-language learners before they are asked to read a passage in a nonfiction text?

A.Such vocabulary is likely to be concrete and easy to illustrate.
B.Such vocabulary is appealing to visual and kinesthetic learners.
C.Such vocabulary is likely to be similar to words in the students’ first languages.
D.Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.

Answer 14

D.Such vocabulary is not often used during informal conversations.
(Academic language is that used in school and books in the content areas and is usually field-specific. It is not the everyday language that children use. Therefore, a teacher’s planning should include activities that will help students learn to read, recognize, and use such words with confidence.)

Question 15

Which THREE of the following classroom activities are effective for helping a student who is a slow and nonfluent reader?

A.Reading along with a taped or recorded book
B.Timed reading sessions designed to increase the number of words read per minute
C.Repeated choral readings of the class’s favorite poems and funny stories
D.Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress

Answer 15

A.Reading along with a taped or recorded book
C.Repeated choral readings of the class’s favorite poems and funny stories
D.Listening to the teacher read with intonation and stress
(Pressuring a child who is a slow and nonfluent reader to read at a predetermined rate puts undue stress on the child. It makes him or her feel inadequate and is somewhat akin to failure.)

Question 16

Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant and goes inside because of the frigid temperatures.

Which type of context clue in the sentence helps decode the meaning of the underlined word?

A.Definition
B.Synonym
C.Contrast
D.Example

Answer 16

C.Contrast
(Jean is willing to hike in the snow, but Jim is reluctant because he is cold and goes inside; Jim’s behavior is contrasted with that of Jean’s, thus helping us understand that “reluctant” means “not willing”.)

Question 17

A teacher is informally assessing second-grade students’ listening comprehension skills after reading aloud Aesop’s fable “The Lion and the Mouse.” Which of the following prompts requires the children to draw an inference from the fable?

A.Who are the characters in the fable?
B.What lesson does the fable teach?
C.How does the mouse help the lion?
D.Can mice and lions really talk?

Answer 17

B.What lesson does the fable teach?
(An inference is a conclusion that is not directly stated in the story. Only choice (B) asks the children to tell what the story teaches in their own words. Answers to each of the other questions can be found in the story or are common knowledge.)

Question 18

Month: September | November | January
Child’s spelling of “boat”: bt | bot | note

Based on the information in the chart above, it can be inferred that the child

A.has a limited knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds
B.has not yet learned about long vowel sounds
C.is not using the classroom word wall appropriately
D.is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds

Answer 18

D.is applying a growing knowledge of the relationship between letters and sounds
(The student’s attempts to spell “boat” over time show a growing knowledge of phonics. At first the student hears the beginning and ending consonants in the word. Later the student adds a vowel, which shows a new level of sophistication. Finally, although incorrect, the student adds an “e” on the end. This progression demonstrates the student’s knowledge that CVC words have a long vowel sound, such as the long /o/ heard in “boat.”)

Question 19

After sharing a picture book about opposites with a class of 3-year-old children, a teacher talks with the children about the concept of opposites. The teacher then asks them to use the pictures in the book to talk about opposites with their peers. The lesson best encourages oral language development in young children by

A.helping them construct meaning from a text
B.encouraging them to engage in conversation
C.using a text as a resource to teach a concept
D.modeling a think-aloud to encourage thought

Answer 19

B.encouraging them to engage in conversation
(The key to language competence is to encourage young children to engage in conversation.)

Question 20

Ms. Craig asks her students to write the word “sailboat”. Levi spells the word “PKLLEEP”. At which of the following levels is Levi spelling?

A.Prephonemic
B.Phonemic
C.Transitional
D.Conventional

Answer 20

A.Prephonemic
(At the prephonemic stage, students know some letters and may begin experimenting with letters, but sound-symbol correspondence is absent.)

Question 21

Which of the following is the most appropriate introductory activity about syllables for a kindergarten class?

A.Having children underline the vowels in a word with a red crayon
B.Asking children to draw a line to separate each syllable break in a word
C.Having children write the number of syllables in a word represented by a picture card
D.Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class

Answer 21

D.Asking children to clap out and count each syllable in words as a class
(Clapping games are a good way to have children move their hands and understand where the natural syllable breaks occur in words.)

Question 22

Which of the following whole-group activities would best support kindergartners’ understanding of a story’s setting after listening to the story read aloud?

A.Sequencing picture cards of the events in the story
B.Creating a map showing the relationships among the characters in the story
C.Identifying words the author used to describe the story’s surroundings
D.Creating a chart matching the details in the story to the main idea

Answer 22

C.Identifying words the author used to describe the story’s surroundings
(This is an activity that uses setting, which involves when and where. Identifying words that describe the story’s surroundings is an appropriate way to help kindergarten students understand the concept of setting.)

Question 23

At the end of a second-grade reading unit, a teacher reads the following sentences in a child’s response journal.

This is a long tail. Their onced was a sun. He worked in a coal mind. He was sooty. Then he found a garland. That is a red gem.

The child needs help with which of the following?

A.Synonyms
B.Antonyms
C.Phonics
D.Homophones

Answer 23

D.Homophones
(In the scenario, the child has made several homophone errors, including confusing the word “sun” with the word “son” and the word “their” with the word “there”.)

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a Tier 2 vocabulary word?

A.Dog
B.Asphalt
C.Tsunami
D.Establish

Answer 24

D.Establish
(Tier two consists of high frequency words that occur across a variety of domains.)

Question 25

Which of the following spelling patterns is found in the word “bone”? A.VC B.CVC C.CVCe D.CVVC

Answer 25

C.CVCe (The CVCe pattern includes words that have an "e" at the end of the word, which usually makes the vowel of the word sound long.)

Question 26

“Write about a time when you lost something important you.” A third-grade teacher asks students to respond to the prompt shown. The prompt asks students to produce which of the following types of writing? A.Expository B.Informative C.Narrative D.Persuasive

Answer 26

C.Narrative ( narrative essay is a story written about a personal experience. The students will respond to the prompt by writing a story to describe their experience.)

Question 27

Which of the following strategies is most beneficial for students to use during the publishing stage of the writing process? A.Reviewing and reorganizing the draft B.Typing the final copy on a computer C.Correcting errors in spelling and grammar D.Holding peer conferences

Answer 27

B.Typing the final copy on a computer (Publishing is the last stage of the writing process, when students share their work with others.)

Question 28

I enjoyed the trip to the museum. We rode there in the school bus. We also saw many displays and ate lunch. Which of the following instructional strategies will be most useful in helping the student improve the writing piece shown? A.Asking the student questions about the trip B.Providing the student with an informational text to find more ideas C.Asking the student to write a list of descriptive words D.Showing the student how to construct simple sentences

Answer 28

A.Asking the student questions about the trip (The sample shown does not include details about the trip, what the student saw, or when and where it took place. Asking questions about the trip will help the student add more details to the narrative.)

Question 29

Which of the following activities will best foster the development of students’ listening skills? A.Asking students to identify rhyming words from a list of words B.Asking students to identify which picture has a different initial sound from a set of three pictures C.Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud D.Asking students to draw a picture and then write a sentence about their drawing

Answer 29

C.Asking students to summarize a short paragraph that the teacher read aloud (Having students summarize a paragraph the teacher read aloud will encourage students to use listening skills, such as focusing on the teacher, paying attention, and taking note of the main idea.)

Question 30

Which of the following terms best describes the ability to read with expression and appropriate phrasing? A.Accuracy B.Prosody C.Rate D.Schema

Answer 30

B.Prosody (Prosody refers to the appropriate use of phrasing and expression to convey meaning when reading.)

Question 31

Which of the following activities will best help students understand the structure of a science text? A.Completing a cluster diagram B.Summarizing the text C.Reviewing the subtitles D.Developing questions about the text

Answer 31

C.Reviewing the subtitles (Text features help students identify the structure and purpose of a nonfiction text. Examples of text features include the subtitles, headings, titles, graphics, diagrams, and captions.)

Question 32

Third-grade students are writing reports on a science topic. Which of the following tools will best help students with the assignment by initiating written discussion of their report? A.Slide-share programs B.Instant messaging applications C.Interactive whiteboards D.Blogging programs

Answer 32

D.Blogging programs (Blogs are regularly updated Web sites or Web pages that enable writers to share their pieces and allow readers to respond to the pieces using written discussion.)

Question 33

A teacher provides students with a list of words that include “precede,” “project,” “illegal,” and “disappear.” The students are most likely learning about which of the following concepts? A.Onsets B.Prefixes C.Consonant blends D.Diphthongs

Answer 33

B.Prefixes (A prefix is a letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning of a word that partly indicates its meaning. In the examples shown, Pre-, pro-, il-, and dis- are prefixes.)

Question 34

Which of the following are sight words? A.Stool, paste, green B.Bead, paid, foil C.They, said, does D.Round, white, large

Answer 34

C.They, said, does (Sight words are frequently occurring words students often find in texts they read. The words "they," "said," and "does" are all sight words.)

Question 35

After reading two texts about the first Thanksgiving, a third-grade teacher asks students to compare the events in both texts. Which of the following graphic organizers is best for the students to use? A.Flowchart B.Venn diagram C.Story map D.Cluster diagram

Answer 35

B.Venn diagram (A Venn diagram shows the relationship between groups that share something in common.)

Question 36

Which of the following strategies will best help students create engaging oral presentations? A.Preparing notes to read word-for-word during the presentation B.Providing the class with copies of the written report before the presentation C.Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation D.Memorizing the entire report before the presentation

Answer 36

C.Writing key words and terms on note cards to refer to during the presentation (Preparing a note card with main points will provide the student with an outline of ideas to refer to at any time during the presentation yet allow the student to engage with the audience by using eye contact and gesture rather than looking down and reading from notes the entire time.)

Question 37

Four students are given a set of twenty-five blocks and asked to represent the blocks using a base-ten method. Which of the following representations best shows a fully developed understanding of base-ten representations? A.1 ten and 15 ones B. 2 tens and 5 ones C. 25 ones D. 5 fives

Answer 37

B. 2 tens and 5 ones (The model shows an understanding that 25 is made up of 2 tens and 5 ones.)

Question 38

A first-grade class is learning about addition and subtraction fact families. Which of the following students has correctly written an example of two equations in the same fact family? A.Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 – 3 = 5 B.Kali, who writes 3 + 4 = 7 and 7 – 1 = 6 C.Ru, who writes 4 + 2 = 6 and 2 – 6 = 4 D.Ted, who writes 2 + 3 = 5 and 1 + 4 = 5

Answer 38

A.Abia, who writes 5 + 3 = 8 and 8 – 3 = 5 (A fact family is a group of related addition and subtraction equations made up of the same numbers. Only option (A) provides two equations that use the same numbers and are inverses of one another.)

Question 39

Students in a second-grade class are comparing the lengths of different objects in the classroom using metric measurement units. Which of the following measurement units is most appropriate for the students to use? A.Yard B.Kilometer C.Foot D.Meter

Answer 39

D.Meter (The metric system is the decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units for measuring length, capacity, and weight or mass. The meter is a smaller unit of measurement compared with the kilometer and is appropriate for helping students compare the lengths of different objects.)

Question 40

Ms. Hanza, a second-grade teacher, surveys her students and tallies their favorite shapes. Then, the class constructs the graph shown above. Which of the following math skills will the activity primarily reinforce? A.Learning properties of geometric figures B.Understanding concepts of probability C.Exploring spatial relationships D.Collecting and representing data

Answer 40

D.Collecting and representing data (Tally charts are used to gather and record information. The scenario describes a teacher gathering, organizing, and representing information in a way that the students can understand.)

Question 41

- Draw a triangle and divide it into halves - Draw a square and divide it into halves - Which is larger: half of the triangle or half of the square? A third-grade teacher asks students to complete the tasks shown. By asking students the question, the teacher most likely wants them to A.understand that it is much easier to divide a square than a triangle B.recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole C.understand how to find equivalent fractions using concrete examples D.recognize that a fraction is a part of a whole

Answer 41

B.recognize that fraction comparisons are only valid when fractions refer to the same whole (Fraction comparisons are only valid when the parts being compared refer to the same whole unit.)

Question 42

A teacher asks preschoolers Dominic and Keira to make sure that each child at their table has an apple. They take several apples from a basket and place an apple in front of each child seated at their table. Dominic then says, “We need more apples for our table, an apple for Keira and an apple for me.” Which of the following mathematical understandings is Dominic demonstrating? A.Rote counting B.Cardinality of a set C.One-to-one correspondence D.Estimating a quantity less than 10

Answer 42

C.One-to-one correspondence (By asking Dominic and Keira to give each child an apple (without counting), the teacher is assessing their understanding of one-to-one correspondence. By doing what they were asked, Dominic and Keira show they understand the need to match one child to one apple.)

Question 43

A kindergarten teacher begins a lesson on the properties of triangles by displaying several different shapes to students. Then, the students sort the shapes into triangles and nontriangles. After sorting the shapes, the class then discusses the characteristics of a triangle. Which of the following students most completely and correctly identifies the characteristics of a triangle? A.Jacob, who said, “All triangles have three sides and three angles.” B.Kayla, who said, “All straight-edge shapes with three sides are triangles.” C.Mark, who said, “All triangles have two short sides and a long side.” D.Sally, who said, “All closed shapes with angles are triangles.”

Answer 43

A.Jacob, who said, “All triangles have three sides and three angles.” (All triangles have three sides and three angles.)

Question 44

A second-grade teacher is recording information about the students’ favorite colors in a table on a whiteboard. The teacher asks each student for his or her favorite color and then writes the student’s name next to the name of the selected color. Which of the following is most appropriate to use to display the information? A.Stem plot B.Bar graph C.Line graph D.Box plot

Answer 44

B.Bar graph (A bar graph is a visual display that is used to compare the amounts or frequency of occurrence of different items or ideas.)

Question 45

Which of the following is equivalent to 3/5? A.15% B.30% C.60% D.75%

Answer 45

C.60% (To find what percent is equivalent to 3/5, one can multiply 3/5 by 100, which yields 60. 60% is equivalent to 3/5.)

Question 46

Which of the following classroom activities provides first-grade students with the most meaningful practice in counting? A.Counting the number of trees in 20 acres of forest B.Connecting dots to order numerals from 1 to 20 C.Matching numerals to sets of objects D.Determining the number of school days before the next holiday

Answer 46

D.Determining the number of school days before the next holiday (Meaningful counting is characterized as a counting activity that provides students with practice counting in a relevant context.)

Question 47

+25−25=0 −10+10=0 Which of the following is the property of integers illustrated by the equations shown? A.Associative property of addition B.Commutative property of addition C.Additive identity property D.Additive inverse property

Answer 47

D.Additive inverse property (Every whole number or integer has an opposite or inverse. When a number and its opposite are added, the result is 0. This property of all integers is called the additive inverse property.)

Question 48

Each student in a math class is given a shoe box containing 20 pennies. The teacher has the student shake the box and then write a number sentence relating the number of heads showing, the number of tails showing, and the total number of coins. Which of the following concepts is most closely aligned to the purpose of the activity? A.Exploring the intuitive meaning of chance B.Recognizing that addition and subtraction are inverse operations C.Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition D.Identifying a one-to-one correspondence

Answer 48

C.Recognizing a part-part-whole structure for addition (By repeatedly performing this activity, students will see that the whole of 20 is composed of the two parts consisting of the coins showing heads and the coins showing tails. The sum of the number of heads and the number of tails equals the total count for all the coins. This experiment can help students learn the addition number facts related to 20.)

Question 49

Hedy delivers 1 letter to Harry on Monday, 3 letters on Tuesday, and 5 letters on Wednesday. For the rest of the week, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the number of letters Harry receives increases by the the same quantity established on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. Which of the following is the total number of letters that Harry receives that week? A.13 B.18 C.36 D.49

Answer 49

C.36 (According to the pattern in the problem, the total number of letters Hedy will deliver over the course of the six days will be 1+3+5+7+9+11, which is equal to 36.)

Question 50

5+4=9 4+5=9 Which of the following properties of operations is best illustrated by the mathematical statements shown? A.Additive inverse property B.Additive identity property C.Commutative property of addition D.Associative property of addition

Answer 50

C.Commutative property of addition (The commutative property of addition means that the order in which the addends are added does not affect the result of the addition.)

Question 51

City X - 8 P.M. - Monday City Y - 6 ​A.M. - Tuesday The table shows the local times for a person in City X and a person in City Y who are having a phone conversation. The time in City Y is how many hours different from the time in City X ? A.14 hours behind B.14 hours ahead C.10 hours behind D.10 hours ahead

Answer 51

D.10 hours ahead (From 8 P.M. to midnight Monday is 4 hours. From midnight to 6 A.M. Tuesday is 6 hours. Therefore, the total amount of time between the cities is 10 hours.)

Question 52

At a certain school, the ratio of the number of female teachers to male teachers is 5 to 2. Which of the following could be the total number of female and male teachers at the school? A.20 B.35 C.37 D.52

Answer 52

B.35 (Since there are 5 females for every 2 males, the total number of teachers must be a multiple of 7. The only choice that is a multiple of 7 is 35.)

Question 53

19+17+15+13+7+5+3+1 Which of the following is another way of writing the sum of the numbers shown? A.4×18 B.4×19 C.4×20 D.4×21

Answer 53

C.4×20 (There is a pattern in the numbers in the list, and the numbers can be paired up. When pairing 19 and 1, 17 and 3, 15 and 5, and 13 and 7 are paired, the numbers in each pair add up to 20. There are four such pairs, so the sum of the eight numbers is 4 x 20.)

Question 54

Which of the following measurements is sufficient to be able to calculate a cube’s volume in the Customary System of measurement? A.The density of the cube B.The length of the cube’s edge C.The mass of the cube D.The weight of the cube

Answer 54

B.The length of the cube’s edge (Length is the most basic measurement, it is used to find perimeter, area, and volume. The volume of a cube is found using three dimensions: length, width, and height.)

Question 55

Second-grade students are using a calculator to total the number of books in their classroom library. At one point, they mistakenly subtract 12 instead of adding 12. What one change can they make to the total of 57 on the calculator display to correct the mistake? A.Add 12 B.Add 24 C.Subtract 12 D.Subtract 24

Answer 55

B.Add 24 (The students need to add back the 12 books they inadvertently subtracted and then add in the 12 they intended to add. This can be done all at once by adding 24 to the result displayed on the calculator.)

Question 56

Ben bought 3 cantaloupes for $1.50 each and 3 watermelons for $4.00 each. If he paid for the 6 items with a $20 bill, how much change did he receive? A. $2.50 B. $3.50 C. $4.50 D. $5.50

Answer 56

B. $3.50 (Ben spent a total of $16.50 on the 3 cantaloupes and 3 watermelons. Therefore, his change from a $20 bill was $3.50.)

Question 57

On the number line, the point with coordinate 1/2 is the greatest distance from the point with which of the following coordinates? A. 3/2 B. 0 C. 1 D.−3/2

Answer 57

D.−3/2 (The point 1/2 is one unit from 3/2; one half unit from 0; one half unit from 1; and 2 units from −3/2. Therefore it is farthest from −3/2.)

Question 58

(1+5×2)−2×2 A student used the order of operations to solve the expression shown. Which of the following identifies the last step needed to simplify the expression when applying the order of operations? A.Subtracting 2 from 22 B.Subtracting 4 from 11 C.Multiplying 2 by 2 D.Multiplying 9 by 2

Answer 58

B.Subtracting 4 from 11 (Based on the order of operations, 5 x 2 would be multiplied first, then added to 1, which equals 11. 2 x 2 would be solved next, which equals 4. Finally, 4 would be subtracted from 11, which gives 7.)

Question 59

Three-year-old Samuel is looking at pictures of a dog, a bird, and a snake. The teacher observes Samuel counting the four legs on a dog and wants to use this teachable moment to reinforce Samuel’s sequencing skills. Which of the following steps would the teacher most likely prompt Samuel to do first? A.Sequencing the pictures from fewest legs to most legs B.Counting the number of legs on each individual animal C.Writing the number of legs of each animal on a whiteboard D.Making a simple graph of the number of legs on each animal

Answer 59

B.Counting the number of legs on each individual animal (The child needs to count the legs on each animal before he will be able to use that information to compare and sequence numbers.)

Question 60

A preschool teacher asks children to each find one item in the classroom that is shorter than a provided ruler and one item that is longer. Which of the following methods is an age-appropriate strategy for comparing the objects that the children select? A.Creating a bar graph B.Placing all items end to end C.Lining objects up side by side D.Making a pie chart

Answer 60

C.Lining objects up side by side (Lining the items up next to each other would be a concrete way to teach children to align the ends.)

Question 61

Which of the following manipulatives are most appropriate for a teacher to use with second-grade students exploring place value? A.Base ten blocks B.Pennies C.Geoboards D.Six-sided number cube

Answer 61

A.Base ten blocks (Base ten blocks will help students learn about place value. Pennies, geoboards, and six-sided number cubes will help students with probability, shapes and counting.)

Question 62

Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 2/3 ? A.4/16 B.8/12 C.4/8 D.12/16

Answer 62

B.8/12 (8/12 is equivalent to 2/3 because multiplying both the denominator and numerator of 2/3 by 4 gives 8/12.)

Question 63

There are 21 red and green crayons in a box. 13 of the crayons are red. How many are green? Student 1: 21−g=13 Student 2: 13+□=21 Student 3: G+13=21 Student 4: 21−13=Δ A teacher asks four students to write a number sentence that represents the word problem shown. Which of the following is represented by a letter or a symbol in each student’s number sentence? A.A numerator B.A factor C.An unknown D.A sum

Answer 63

C.An unknown (Each student uses a symbol to represent the unknown number in the word problem.)

Question 64

**image of triangle over larger rectangle** A kindergarten teacher puts the shapes above on a whiteboard and asks the students to use their math words to describe what they see. Which of the following student comments contains an error? A.The triangle is outside and above the rectangle. B.The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has. C.The rectangle is bigger and on the bottom of the triangle. D.The rectangle has the same number of corners as it has sides.

Answer 64

B.The triangle is on the top and has one more side than the rectangle has. (The triangle is placed on top of the rectangle and it has three sides, which is one less than the number of sides the rectangle has.)

Question 65

Place each of the following facts in the box next to the mathematical operation it describes. A.It can be used to determine how many more there are in one set than in another. B.Commuting the factors results in the same product. C.Associating the factors in different ways results in the same sum. D.For some pairs of whole numbers, the result may not be a whole number. - Addition - Division - Multiplication - Subtraction

Answer 65

Addition : C.Associating the factors in different ways results in the same sum. Division : D.For some pairs of whole numbers, the result may not be a whole number. Multiplication: B.Commuting the factors results in the same product. Subtraction: A.It can be used to determine how many more there are in one set than in another. (Addition: The associative property of addition ensures that the way the addends are grouped does not change the results of addition (C). Division: When one whole number is divided by another whole number, the quotient, i.e., the result, is a fraction if the divisor is not a factor of the dividend (D). Multiplication: The commutative property of multiplication ensures that the order of the factors does not change the results of the multiplication (B). Subtraction: Subtraction determines the difference between two sets (A).)

Question 66

Which TWO of the following actions demonstrate self-awareness in an average first-grade student? A.Taking turns when playing with other students B.Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C.Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week D.Listening to another student who is retelling a familiar story

Answer 66

B.Hiding tears when starting to cry in front of other students C.Setting a goal to read five picture books in a single week (Self-awareness is the ability to judge one's own behavior and respond appropriately to different situations. By hiding tears when standing in front of other students and setting a goal to read five books in a week, the student responds to a situation and takes appropriate action.)

Question 67

The most direct path between one location and another on a globe is always along A.one of the tropics B.the equator C.the prime meridian D.a great circle

Answer 67

D.a great circle (Since a globe is essentially a sphere, tracing a route on it will result in a circle.)

Question 68

A third-grade student asks the teacher why it is important to learn about the cultures of other countries. Which of the following statements would be most helpful in answering the student’s question? A.“To honor an educational tradition” B.“To help students become more like each other” C.“To help us understand the contributions of ancient civilizations” D.“To learn that people are more alike than different”

Answer 68

D.“To learn that people are more alike than different” (Sociological studies suggest that institutions, organizations, and governing rules are becoming more similar worldwide. By studying other cultures, we see that we have much in common with them. Common bonds are in turn a basis for developing friendships.)

Question 69

A second-grade teacher is researching information on folklore. Which of the following can be a problem when studying folklore? A.Lack of primary source documentation B.Difficulty locating links between oral and written literatures C.Identifying universal themes D.Recognizing prototypical characters

Answer 69

A.Lack of primary source documentation (There can be special problems with research and documentation in the field of folklore, since much of folklore has been passed down orally and does not exist in the form of primary documents such as first-hand observations.)

Question 70

A second-grade teacher is using a globe and a world map while explaining time zones as they relate to direction. The most accurate statement the teacher could make about time zones is that each time zone becomes earlier than the previous one as an individual travels A.north across lines of latitude B.south across lines of latitude C.west across lines of longitude D.east across lines of longitude

Answer 70

C.west across lines of longitude (Locations west of the International Date Line are one calendar day ahead of locations east of the line.)

Question 71

At the beginning of the school year, a second-grade teacher observes that students in class often argue with one another when they are assigned to work with someone they do not like. Which of the following is the best action for the teacher to take in resolving these conflicts? A.Requiring students who have a history of initiating arguments to stay after school B.Introducing a process where students are paired up only if they get along with one another C.Giving extra assignments to the entire class until the arguments stop occurring D.Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others

Answer 71

D.Providing facilitated training for the class on how to get along with others (When children are coached in effective conflict-resolution techniques, they are likely to use the techniques to resolve real-life conflicts.)

Question 72

Which of the following educational goals best states why first graders should receive instruction designed to develop their media literacy? A.Students will understand the United States monetary system and how to spend money wisely. B.Students will learn that all sources of information can be trusted as nonbiased and accurate. C.Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens. D.Students will learn to compare products and make good choices when shopping.

Answer 72

C.Students will develop the essential skills of inquiry to become informed, responsible citizens. (According to the Center for Media Literacy, media literacy benefits students by providing them with tools and methods that build the citizenship skills they need to participate in and contribute to a community.)

Question 73

A third-grade teacher is planning a lesson on the impact of human actions on the physical environment. Which of the following events would best relate to this topic? A.El Niño in South America B.Drought in central Africa C.An earthquake in Haiti D.An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

Answer 73

D.An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (The oil spill of 2010 is related to drilling for oil in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. It is the only event listed that can be directly attributed to human actions. Human actions did not cause the other events.)

Question 74

Which of the following activities would best help 3 year olds develop a respect for differences among people in the classroom? A.Watching a video about community groups showing compassion B.Taking a field trip to a local business to see different job responsibilities C.Writing a story about a time that they couldn’t do something D.Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives

Answer 74

D.Reading a book about a child with a disability and relating it to their lives (Reading literature is a great way to model appropriate behaviors and teach about how people are different in their abilities and talents.)

Question 75

Mary wants to invite a friend over to play. She knows her mother will grant permission for the friend to come over only after Mary finishes her chores. Mary completes her chores and then asks if she can have her friend come over. Which of the following concepts is best described in the scenario? A.Supply and demand B.Conflict resolution C.Risk management D.Self-regulation

Answer 75

D.Self-regulation (Self-regulation develops when children learn to control their urges, change behavior, and follow instruction. If Mary does what is expected of her, she will benefit by being given permission to invite a friend over to play.)

Question 76

During a unit titled “All About Me,” a first grade teacher would like the students to create a time line of their life to share with the class. Which of the following is most important for the students to include in the project? A.Descriptions or pictures of special events related to their family’s culture B.Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order C.Pictures of family members and friends arranged in order of importance to them D.Magazine clippings of the favorite foods their family enjoys

Answer 76

B.Photographs of important events with their dates in sequential order (A time line is an arrangement of events in the order of their occurrence.)

Question 77

Which of the following is the best example of a group working together to address the group members’ needs? A.A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food. B.Every Friday, first-grade students exchange books with each other to read over the weekend. C.A teacher provides students with additional recess time as a reward. D.Business leaders sell stocks to fund the construction of a new manufacturing plant.

Answer 77

A.A family starts a vegetable garden as a way to earn income and eat healthy food. (A need is something that an individual or group must have to survive. Examples of needs are food, water, air, and clothing. By planting a vegetable garden, the family meets part of their basic need for food.)

Question 78

Which of the following actions is the best example of a student showing good citizenship? A.Playing an instrument for a school performance B.Volunteering to clean up a park C.Working at practical tasks from beginning to end D.Developing a positive attitude toward school

Answer 78

B.Volunteering to clean up a park (By volunteering to clean up a park, the student supports the community and sets a good example for peers.)

Question 79

Which of the following concepts is a second-grade teacher introducing by having students understand the consequences of breaking rules? A.Demand B.Tolerance C.Diversity D.Justice

Answer 79

D.Justice (Justice refers to the process of using laws to fairly punish law breakers.)

Question 80

Which of the following activities will best help first-grade students understand changes that occur over time? A.Investigating the cultural celebrations and holidays of other countries B.Identifying the characteristics of the individual seasons of the year C.Analyzing the current ways energy is produced in their area D.Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images

Answer 80

D.Comparing photographs or pictures from the past with present-day images (By reviewing photographs or pictures from other generations, the students will observe changes that have occurred over the years.)

Question 81

Which of the following activities would be most effective in establishing a democratic classroom? A.Having the class create models of important monuments in Washington B.Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class C.Having students role-play ways of being a good citizen D.Reading a book about the writing of the Constitution to the class

Answer 81

B.Holding meetings with students to create rules for the class (Democracy is demonstrated by having students or student representatives create the rules for the class.)

Question 82

Which of the following best describes energy that is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium? A.Gravitational potential B.Light C.Sound D.Heat

Answer 82

C.Sound (Sound energy is produced by vibrations and travels only through a medium, unlike light, heat (infrared radiation), or gravitational potential energy which can travel through the vacuum of space.)

Question 83

Which of the following organisms has a body consisting of a head, a thorax, and an abdomen? A.Starfish B.Fly C.Centipede D.Shark

Answer 83

B.Fly (A fly is an insect, and an insect has three body parts—the head, the thorax, and the abdomen.)

Question 84

For a population of organisms that is neither growing nor declining in size, which of the following are most likely to be equal? A.The birth rate and death rate B.The number of herbivores and number of carnivores C.The number of organisms in the youngest age class and number in the oldest age class D.The number of plant species and number of animal species

Answer 84

A.The birth rate and death rate (If a population is stable, then the population is neither growing nor shrinking. This means the birth rate, or the number of individuals being born, equals the death rate, or the number of individuals dying.)

Question 85

To an observer on Earth, it appears as if the Sun orbits Earth once each day. Which of the following is responsible for the misconception? A.Earth’s smaller size B.Earth’s rotation C.Earth’s tilt on its axis D.Earth’s orbit

Answer 85

B.Earth’s rotation (The Sun does not move across the sky. It appears to rise in the east and set in the west because the Earth, as viewed looking south from the North Pole, rotates counterclockwise, moving from the west toward the east, so that sunlight first appears in the east.)

Question 86

A person comparing the volume of 1 kilogram of feathers with the volume of 1 kilogram of gold would observe that the A.1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume B.1 kilogram of feathers has a smaller volume C.feather and the gold have equal volumes D.volume of the gold varies with pressure

Answer 86

A.1 kilogram of gold has a smaller volume (Density is a property of matter and it is a measure of mass per unit volume. The density of gold is much greater than the density of feathers, so the volume of the feathers would be much greater than the volume of the gold.)

Question 87

Which of the following actions would be most effective in directly decreasing the impact of the greenhouse effect on the environment? A.Using taller smokestacks B.Reducing the use of fossil fuels C.Adding lime to acidified lakes D.Developing drought-resistant crops

Answer 87

B.Reducing the use of fossil fuels (The greenhouse effect is the warming of the atmosphere near the surface of Earth as a result of the gases in the atmosphere trapping heat energy from the Sun. One of the gases responsible for trapping heat energy is carbon dioxide, which is released when fossil fuels are burned.)

Question 88

Bobby and Jasmine are kindergarten students who are playing at the water station. Jasmine fills a cup with water, lifts it up, and turns it over. She says, “Look, Bobby, I’m making rain!” Bobby replies, “I can make rain too.” He then picks up the plastic watering can and pours the water into the water station. Which of the following instructional activities will best support the students’ development of inquiry skills? A.Reading a story about rain and discussing the characters in the story with the students B.Providing a picture of a rainy day and asking the students to tell a story based on the picture C.Showing a video about rainy, snowy, and sunny days and telling students to describe different activities they can do on each day D.Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain

Answer 88

D.Performing an experiment to illustrate evaporation and condensation of water and asking how it applies to rain (Illustrating evaporation and condensation incorporates concepts from the water cycle, which will help students understand how rain is formed and what happens after it rains.)

Question 89

To provide a real-world example of a lever, a second-grade teacher should have students use which of the following pieces of playground equipment? A. Slide B. Swings C. Seesaw D. Sandbox

Answer 89

C. Seesaw (A lever is one of six so-called simple machines that trade off distance for force to yield the same amount of work done. An example of a lever is a seesaw which is usually a long, flat horizontal board that balances and pivots on a support in the middle (the fulcrum), so that when one end goes down, the other end goes up. When significantly different weights (forces) are each placed at an appropriate distance on opposite sides from the fulcrum, the lighter weight travels a greater distance up and down and can balance, or sometimes easily lift, the heavier weight.)

Question 90

Which of the following demonstrations best illustrates a chemical change? A.Boiling water B.Burning a candle C.Melting an ice cube D.Connecting two magnets

Answer 90

B.Burning a candle (A chemical change occurs when a substance is changed into one or more different substances. When a candle burns, new substances will form and the resulting change cannot be undone.)

Question 91

A first-grade teacher brings different types of flowers into the classroom and asks the students to make observations about them. Which of the following student responses is an example of a scientific observation that will best help in classifying the flowers? A.Some of the flowers are wilted. B.Some of the flowers are yellow. C.The flowers are pretty. D.The flowers are soft.

Answer 91

B.Some of the flowers are yellow. (In making scientific observations, students need to apply their five senses — seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting — and then describe objects according to their characteristics. The only description provided that illustrates the use of the senses is “yellow.”)

Question 92

A preschool teacher provides a water table and various containers for children to use to investigate ways water can be stored and transferred. After a few weeks, the teacher introduces funnels and colanders to the center. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus question for the teacher to pose as children explore these new items? A.Why does the water always run down the funnel? B.Which of the containers will hold more water? C.What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander? D.How does the shape of the container affect the shape of the water?

Answer 92

C.What do you think will happen when the water is put into the colander? (The question focuses children to explore and find their own answers and understanding. This sets a purpose that is developmentally appropriate for preschoolers.)

Question 93

Which of the following is a primary function of flowers? A.Pollination B.Photosynthesis C.Phototropism D.Pasteurization

Answer 93

A.Pollination (Most flowers are structured to make pollination as efficient as possible. To facilitate fertilization, many produce nectar, are brightly colored, or have odors to attract organisms.)

Question 94

Which of the following best reflects an inquiry-based science activity for a unit about the life cycle of insects? A.Visiting a live-butterfly exhibit online B.Reading books about types of worms C.Raising caterpillars in the classroom D.Drawing pictures of insects

Answer 94

C.Raising caterpillars in the classroom (Young students learn best from concrete examples and direct interaction with the subject being taught. Raising caterpillars in the classroom is the most effective way listed to teach the topic of insect life cycles because it allows for direct observation of the entire life cycle.)

Question 95

A preschool teacher is introducing the concept of living and nonliving things. The most appropriate introduction of the concept would be to ask children to A.create a chart of the characteristics of living and nonliving things B.sort pictures of living and nonliving things in a learning center C.describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium D.role-play living and nonliving things in a game of charades

Answer 95

C.describe what they observe of objects and organisms in the classroom aquarium (The teacher introduces the difference between living and nonliving things by using a familiar classroom object that contains living fish and plants and nonliving rocks and a thermometer. The activities in the other options can be used once the children grasp the basic difference.)

Question 96

While planning a science unit, a teacher decides to include several activities that will have children handle, examine, and experiment with soil samples. Which of the following terms best describes the activities? A.Reasoning activities B.Classification activities C.Multisensory activities D.Problem-posing activities

Answer 96

C.Multisensory activities (The activities are designed to address multiple senses like sight, sound, smell, and touch.)

Question 97

Which of the following is caused by a virus? A.Malaria B.Ringworm C.Sickle cell anemia D.Influenza

Answer 97

D.Influenza (Human diseases have many different causes. Malaria is caused by a protozoan. Ringworm is caused by a fungus. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease. Only influenza is caused by a virus.)

Question 98

The ability of the heart to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body during a whole-body workout involving the large muscles is most closed associated with A.flexibility B.resistance C.aerobics D.stamina

Answer 98

C.aerobics (Aerobic activities are designed to promote cardiovascular efficiency and fitness of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system. Such activities make the heart beat harder and faster and promote strength and overall fitness.)

Question 99

Research on the conflicts that children frequently deal with supports which of the following observations? A.Children model their actions on those of adults. B.Young girls have more conflicts than boys. C.Children pay more attention to peers than to parents. D.Young boys attend to conflicts among other boys only.

Answer 99

A.Children model their actions on those of adults. (Children learn behaviors indirectly by watching what the important adults in their environments do to resolve conflicts. To learn to resolve conflicts peaceably, children must see adults modeling desirable, socially acceptable behaviors.)

Question 100

Which part of the ear contains the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance? A.The outer ear B.The inner ear C.The eardrum D.The ear canal

Answer 100

B.The inner ear (A schematic diagram of the ear shows that the inner ear contains the vestibular system, which is dedicated to balance. Infections of the inner ear can cause dizziness or vertigo.)

Question 101

Which of the following physical activities provides students with the best opportunity for self-expression and social interaction? A.Chasing B.Fleeing C.Dancing D.Dodging

Answer 101

C.Dancing (Dance provides students with opportunities to use their bodies to express feelings and attitudes about themselves and others. It encourages students to interpret and move their bodies to different rhythms and to be satisfied with using the body effectively as an instrument of expression.)

Question 102

Which of the following are primarily used by the human body for fuel during the first five minutes of intense exercise? A.Carbohydrates B.Fats C.Proteins D.Vitamins

Answer 102

A.Carbohydrates (The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the body. Glucose is an example of a simple carbohydrate.)

Question 103

Which of the following activities is designed to encourage dramatic play in 3 year olds? A.Reading aloud from a picture storybook while students are seated on a story rug B.Creating a dress-up area where students put on costumes and act out scenarios C.Using poetry to demonstrate rhyming words for the students D.Asking the students to arrange picture cards in a storyboard format

Answer 103

B.Creating a dress-up area where students put on costumes and act out scenarios (Dramatic play encourages children to become involved in role-playing and acting out familiar routines. Setting up a dress-up area would best provide preschool children with this opportunity.)

Question 104

During a trip to the art museum, Ms. Lott and her pre-K students look at abstract paintings by Piet Mondrian, whose work was characterized by black lines intersecting at right angles and planes in primary colors. When they return to class, the students each make a construction-paper collage using red, yellow, and blue rectangles of various sizes and thin black strips. The teacher asks the students to think carefully about where to place the paper shapes before gluing them onto a white paper base. Which of the following skills is Ms. Lott encouraging the students to use with this activity? A.Tactile sensation B.Guided practice C.Spatial perception D.Artistic diversity

Answer 104

C.Spatial perception (After viewing the paintings of Piet Mondrian, the students are being invited to explore different compositional options through spatial perception to create their own art.)

Question 105

Which of the following art activities for first graders would help them learn about the different textures of materials used in buildings? A.Matting and framing photographs of famous buildings B.Creating a collage using magazine photos of buildings C.Making scale drawings of famous buildings D.Making crayon rubbings of building surfaces

Answer 105

D.Making crayon rubbings of building surfaces (First graders could best learn about the various textures of building materials such as wood, concrete, tile, or bricks by making crayon rubbings. The process of placing paper on the surface and rubbing with a crayon allows students to both feel and see the differences between the textural features of the materials.)

Question 106

Second graders are learning to sing folk songs from various countries of the world. This music activity best supports which of the following social studies objectives? A.Students will recognize artistic creations as expressions of culture. B.Students will recognize that cultures are more alike than different from one another. C.Students will use group social skills to learn how to work together to present a school program. D.Students will recognize the diversity that exists in U.S. schools.

Answer 106

A.Students will recognize artistic creations as expressions of culture. (Folk songs are artistic creations and representative of the cultures that produced and immortalized them. By learning such songs, children come to understand that the songs come from long-held cultural traditions and values.)

Question 107

Groups of third-grade students are creating a mural depicting a tree at various seasons of the year. They will depict the creatures that depend on the tree for shelter and food, what the tree gives to each of them, and how to take care of the tree. Which of the following environmental concepts are the students investigating? A.Community B.Conservation C.Population D.Ecosystem

Answer 107

D.Ecosystem (By studying a tree and how it supports living and non-living things in its environment, the students are learning about the tree as an ecosystem.)

Question 108

A school displays a bulletin board with portraits of Sandra Day O’Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan in observance of Women’s History Month. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for the bulletin board? A.Hidden Talents B.First Ladies C.Supreme Women D.Inventors All

Answer 108

C.Supreme Women (The bulletin board portraits depict the four women justices who have served on the Supreme Court as of 2015: Sandra Day O’Connor (1981 - 2006); Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1993 - present); Sonia Sotomayor (2009 - present); Elena Kagan (2010 - present).)

Question 109

Which of the following is the music played when the president of the United States arrives to deliver the State of the Union address to the United States Congress? A.Hail to the Chief B.The Star-Spangled Banner C.America the Beautiful D.My Country, ’Tis of Thee

Answer 109

A.Hail to the Chief (Hail to the Chief is the music that is traditionally played by the United States Marine Band to herald the ceremonial arrival of the president of the United States at many public appearances, including the annual delivery of the State of the Union address.)

Question 110

Miss Fridley, a kindergarten teacher, is planning an activity that integrates the arts and gross motor skills for an interdisciplinary unit on butterflies. Which of the following student activities best meets her goal? A.Painting butterflies with finger paints on poster boards B.Creating butterfly-shaped kites for use during outside play C.Examining a butterfly in a jar with a magnifying glass D.Pretending to be caterpillars turning into dancing butterflies

Answer 110

D.Pretending to be caterpillars turning into dancing butterflies (Dancing involves arts and requires the use of gross motor skills.)

Question 111

A preschool teacher of 2-year-old children provides them with opportunities to sing songs that contain repeated rhymes and word patterns. The activity will best help students by A.providing them with multiple exposures to new words B.reinforcing words they already know C.expanding their vocabulary through context clues D.developing their phonemic awareness

Answer 111

D.developing their phonemic awareness (The activity’s focus is primarily on language development- helping toddlers develop the ability to hear and identify different sounds that make up spoken words.)

Question 112

Which of the following activities for preschool children best promotes imagination and curiosity? A.Watching a variety of instructional videos and movies B.Discussing the importance of classroom rules C.Participating in structured games during recess D.Having opportunities for pretend play in daily activities

Answer 112

D.Having opportunities for pretend play in daily activities (Pretend play can allow children to use their imaginations and be creative. All children can participate.)

Question 113

According to the United States Department of Agriculture’s MyPlate, intake of which of the following foods should be reduced in the average diet? A.Fruit and vegetables B.Sugary drinks and sodium C.Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta D.Milk, yogurt, and cheese

Answer 113

B.Sugary drinks and sodium (The U. S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) MyPlate recommends drinking water instead of sugary drinks and comparing sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals and choosing the foods with lower numbers.)

Question 114

A first-grade teacher notices many students in the class have difficulty focusing and behaving, especially in the afternoon. Which of the following is the best way to address the situation? A.Reprimanding verbally students engaged in unwanted behaviors B.Giving tangible rewards to students showing desired behaviors C.Taking away privileges such as recess from students who misbehave D.Providing short movement breaks between instructional blocks

Answer 114

D.Providing short movement breaks between instructional blocks (This takes into account the physical and cognitive limitations of young students and their ability to sit still and quiet for long periods of time.)

Question 115

A prekindergarten teacher sends home with students reading adventure bags filled with theme-based fiction and nonfiction picture books as well as interactive activities. The students are encouraged to read and discuss one book daily with a family member and record their activities in a reading log. The strategy best promotes A.oral language development B.phonemic awareness C.phonological awareness D.word recognition

Answer 115

A.oral language development (Daily reading and discussion of books with a family member encourages interaction and provides students with opportunities for oral language development through interactive activities.)

Question 116

Which of the following digital tools best helps students distribute stories they have written for peer-editing purposes? A.Teacher Web page B.Virtual blackboards C.Cloud-based file sharing D.Word-processing software

Answer 116

C.Cloud-based file sharing (Cloud-based file sharing enables a user to use allotted space in a server to share information over the Internet. With this, students can upload their writing onto a secure site and peer edit each other’s work from there.)

Question 117

During writers’ workshop, a first-grade teacher notices that Joanna is sitting and watching other students write but is not writing her own story. When the teacher asks why she isn’t writing, Joanna says that she can’t write because she doesn’t know how to spell any words. Which of the following instructional strategies is most beneficial for the teacher to use with Joanna? A.Working one-on-one with Joanna to teach her new spelling words B.Encouraging Joanna to use inventive spelling when she writes C.Adding Joanna’s commonly misspelled words to the spelling test D.Helping Joanna find challenging words in a picture dictionary

Answer 117

B.Encouraging Joanna to use inventive spelling when she writes (Young children begin to hear separate sounds in words and benefit from help in writing the sounds they hear (i.e., from guidance in inventing spellings).)

Question 118

Which of the following sentences is best identified as a compound sentence? A.The very hungry caterpillar ate for many days and finally rested in its cocoon. B.After reading The Velveteen Rabbit, the students shared their own stories. C.The little red hen worked hard while the other animals decided not to help. D.Goodnight Moon is my favorite bedtime story; consequently the book is worn.

Answer 118

D.Goodnight Moon is my favorite bedtime story; consequently the book is worn. (A compound sentence has two independent clauses or sentences.)

Question 119

A young student draws pictures and writes accompanying labels. The labels indicate attempts to apply letter-sound correspondences in spelling words and demonstrate comprehension of directionality in written expression. Which of the following stages of writing development best identifies the student’s current level of performance? A.Exploration B.Preconventional C.Emergent D.Developing

Answer 119

C.Emergent (A student who has the ability to draw and label pictures in the ways described is functioning at the emergent stage of writing development.)

Question 120

- Reading simple stories with improving fluency by automatically saying two or more words in a phrase - Gaining control during the reading process by using less “sounding out” - Reading words that represent various long vowel sounds The list of characteristics indicates that a student is performing at which of the following stages of reading development? A.Prealphabetic B.Partial alphabetic C.Full alphabetic D.Automatic

Answer 120

C.Full alphabetic (Children in the full alphabetic reading stage gain control of their reading and become more automatic readers with less sounding out. During this stage, students can read words with various endings and read simple stories with increasing fluency.)

Question 121

CVC, CVCe, CVVC A first-grade teacher provides students with a list of words and instructs them to sort the words into the categories shown. The activity will most likely reinforce students’ understanding of which of the following concepts? A.Rhyming words B.Onsets and rimes C.Consonant digraphs D.Vowel patterns

Answer 121

D.Vowel patterns (The activity requires students to sort words based on vowel patterns. “C” stands for consonant and “V” stands for vowel.)

Question 122

A third-grade teacher provides students with an article titled “Working at the Hospital.” The first paragraph is below. There are many jobs at the hospital. Some people work as nurses. Some people work as doctors. You probably know about those jobs. There are many other jobs at the hospital. If you are a patient in a hospital, you will meet different workers. It might start with the ambulance driver. That worker helps people get to the hospital quickly. Based on the information provided in the introductory paragraph, students can infer that the primary focus of the article will be about A.the responsibilities of different individuals who work at a hospital B.which workers have the most important roles at the hospital C.why a hospital is an important place in the community D.how to be a good patient when you are at the hospital

Answer 122

A.the responsibilities of different individuals who work at a hospital (The first sentence notes that there are different jobs at the hospital, and the last two sentences focus on the specific responsibility of a designated hospital worker.)

Question 123

During a reading lesson, a third-grade teacher writes the lines of a poem on separate strips of paper. The teacher then holds up the strips one at a time and has students read the phrases aloud together. Which of the following is most likely the goal of the activity? A.Fostering students’ understanding of the structure of poems B.Reinforcing students’ use of proper phrasing to promote fluency C.Helping students identify rhyme schemes accurately D.Improving students’ spelling and sight word vocabulary

Answer 123

B.Reinforcing students’ use of proper phrasing to promote fluency (Reading fluently requires a reader to read phrases together instead of word by word. Fluent readers group words into phrases, as opposed to word by word. By holding up groups of words together in a poem, it helps the students to see them as a whole.)

Question 124

By completing a picture walk of a story before students begin reading it independently, a first-grade teacher best demonstrates an understanding of how to help students A.comprehend how the setting affects the plot of the story B.decide if they will like the story they are about to read C.anticipate vocabulary that will help them read the story D.use mentor texts to assist them in writing their own stories

Answer 124

C.anticipate vocabulary that will help them read the story (A picture walk allows students the opportunity to learn and talk about new vocabulary found in the story that helps with the decoding process when they read the texts.)

Question 125

In order to develop phonemic awareness, students with special needs must first A.understand the utility and function of oral and written language B.have a formal diagnosis of a developmental delay C.receive explicit instruction in oral and written language D.receive individualized instruction in a general education setting

Answer 125

A.understand the utility and function of oral and written language (Before students with disabilities can begin to develop phonemic awareness, they need to understand the functions and uses of literacy. A literacy-rich environment stimulates students with disabilities to participate in language and literacy activities in their daily lives and gives them the beginning understandings of the utility and function of oral and written language.)

Question 126

Which of the following best identifies the purpose of the explanatory genre of writing? A.Giving information about a topic or describing something accurately B.Describing an account of an imaginary event or experience C.Presenting a claim and providing a convincing set of reasons to support the claim D.Retelling the story of an important moment and clarifying its significance to the author

Answer 126

A.Giving information about a topic or describing something accurately (The purpose of explanatory writing is to describe or explain a topic using facts and details.)

Question 127

Which of the following strategies is most effective in developing preschool children’s understanding of print concepts? A.Giving children opportunities to retell or act out stories B.Placing children’s names on their desks and other appropriate places C.Creating a class library with books from different genres for the children D.Providing opportunities for children to respond to open-ended questions

Answer 127

B.Placing children’s names on their desks and other appropriate places (Print awareness is an understanding that print carries meaning. Using labels and name cards will help children understand that written words have meaning.)

Question 128

- Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence? - Does each sentence in a paragraph relate to the topic sentence? - Is there anything that needs to be added or removed? - Is the vocabulary strong and precise? When writing an informational piece on a nonfiction topic, a student considers the questions shown. At which of the following steps in the writing process is the student most likely to improve the writing piece effectively? A.Prewriting B.Publishing C.Revising D.Editing

Answer 128

C.Revising (After a writer creates a draft of a writing piece, the writer can evaluate the piece and revise elements such as content, organization, vocabulary, and clarity.)

Question 129

Which of the following teaching strategies most effectively supports emergent writers in a preschool classroom? A.Providing students with functional writing opportunities connected to class activities B.Teaching students how to use guided visualization to create mental pictures when writing C.Using model texts to teach students how to identify text structures prior to writing D.Assigning students a prewriting activity of identifying the audience and purpose for writing

Answer 129

A.Providing students with functional writing opportunities connected to class activities (The most developmentally appropriate teaching strategy listed is supporting emergent writing through functional writing opportunities that are connected to class activities.)

Question 130

First graders are beginning to learn how to look for ways to improve their writing after rereading a rough draft. The teacher provides the following piece of writing. Every month we make cookies. We make a lot! We give them to other people. They are yummy! After the short story is read aloud, the students ask questions based on what they want to know more about. The class then begins to revise the story one sentence at a time. Which of the following sentences is the best revision for the first sentence? A.My mom helps me make cookies every month. B.My favorite part of the month is when we make cookies. C.Every month my mom and I make chocolate chip cookies. D.Every month we make chocolate chip cookies in our kitchen.

Answer 130

C.Every month my mom and I make chocolate chip cookies. (The sentence now says who is baking the cookies and what type of cookies are being made. The statement provides more additional detail than the other sentences.)

Question 131

After a shared reading of a story, a teacher demonstrates a retelling strategy for the class with a think-aloud. On which of the following elements is it best for the teacher to focus? A.Determining the traits of the main characters B.Using strategies to decode words C.Making connections to similar stories D.Sequencing the events in the story

Answer 131

D.Sequencing the events in the story (The retelling of a story requires students to summarize events in the correct order that they occurred in the story.)

Question 132

Which of the following sources best represents a secondary source of information? A.A journal written by a Civil War nurse B.A documentary about Harriet Tubman C.A letter from George Washington to his wife D.A transcript of Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Answer 132

B.A documentary about Harriet Tubman (The images and information in the documentary may include primary sources, but the combining and interpreting of these sources makes the documentary a secondary source.)

Question 133

Which of the following actions best describes the first step of active listening? A.Responding to the speaker verbally B.Taking notes on the speaker’s message C.Looking directly at the speaker when he or she is speaking D.Asking for clarification when uncertain about something that was said

Answer 133

C.Looking directly at the speaker when he or she is speaking (Looking at the speaker focuses the listener on what is being said so that the listener understands more clearly and is prepared to respond.)

Question 134

A first-grade teacher is selecting texts for a science unit on butterflies. Which of the following is most important for the teacher to consider when creating the text set? A.The texts should include textbook passages about butterflies. B.The texts should use more illustrations and diagrams than words. C.The texts should have a meaningful connection to the anchor text. D.The texts should be from the same genre.

Answer 134

C.The texts should have a meaningful connection to the anchor text. (The anchor text should be the foundation of the text set, as such the texts in the set should have a strong connection to the anchor set.)

Question 135

A first-grade student has a specific learning disability in writing. Which of the following testing accommodations is most appropriate to be included in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) to meet the needs of the student? A.Allowing the student to dictate answers requiring written responses to a scribe B.Providing the student with an alternate assignment without any written responses C.Having the student answer fewer questions that require written responses D.Having the student complete all written work in a quiet space to avoid distractions

Answer 135

A.Allowing the student to dictate answers requiring written responses to a scribe (Allowing a student to dictate responses to a written assignment to a scribe is an example of an accommodation that can appropriately be made for a student with an IEP in writing. In this instance, the expectations for what the student should learn have not changed; therefore, the teacher action represents an accommodation, not a modification.)

Question 136

pan, pig, bug, pack During a small-group literacy activity, a kindergarten teacher asks students to identify the word that does not belong in the list of words shown. The activity best addresses which of the following phonemic awareness skills? A.Segmentation B.Categorization C.Substitution D.Blending

Answer 136

B.Categorization (In phoneme categorization, students identify the word or words in a set that have a different initial phoneme sound. Having students recognize that “bug” is different because it does not begin with /p/ like the other three words is an example of phoneme categorization.)

Question 137

A second-grade teacher begins a read-aloud of a fictional chapter book. Which of the following instructional strategies best develops students’ ability to engage in character analysis to improve their comprehension of the text? A.Using a plot diagram to identify the main characters, setting, and plot events B.Asking students to illustrate what they think the characters look like C.Guiding a discussion in which each student explains his or her favorite character D.Helping students relate to the characters through targeted questioning

Answer 137

D.Helping students relate to the characters through targeted questioning (Giving students the opportunity to identify things they have in common with the characters helps students build a connection to the characters and care about what happens to them.)

Question 138

Which of the following words contains an open syllable? A.Combat B.Basic C.Insect D.Velvet

Answer 138

B.Basic (In an open syllable, nothing comes after the vowel and the vowel sound is pronounced with its long sound. Ba-sic has two syllables and nothing comes at the end of the first syllable after “a.”)

Question 139

Which of the following words is an example of a homonym? A.Fair B.Vroom C.Elaborate D.Demoralize

Answer 139

A.Fair (Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings. Fair can mean just or light in complexion.)

Question 140

- are - me - said - like - they The words in the list shown are best described as A.high frequency B.decodable C.phonetically regular D.rhyming

Answer 140

A.high frequency (High-frequency words, or sight words, are commonly used words that frequently occur in the written material that emergent readers typically read and which often do not follow commonly taught phonics rules.)

Question 141

Which of the following components of an effective oral presentation describes the highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice? A.Volume B.Pitch C.Articulation D.Pace

Answer 141

B.Pitch (Pitch means the highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice. Effective speakers vary the highness or lowness of their voice (pitch) to indicate emphasis.)

Question 142

Since the snow was falling fast, the teacher asked the students to quickly finish the quiz. The passage above contains which of the following grammatical errors? A.Split infinitive B.Lack of parallel structure C.Misplaced modifier D.Sentence fragment

Answer 142

A.Split infinitive (A split infinitive occurs when a word, usually an adverb, is placed between the two parts of an infinitive. In the example above, the adverb “quickly” separates the two parts of the infinitive “to finish.” The sentence should read “to finish the quiz quickly.”)

Question 143

Carly cuts carrots carefully. The statement shown best exemplifies which of the following types of figurative language? A.Simile B.Alliteration C.Personification D.Metaphor

Answer 143

B.Alliteration (In an alliteration, all the words in a sentence begin with the same sound or letter.)

Question 144

Building phonological awareness is critical to helping young students learn to read because without it, the students will primarily struggle to A.develop appropriate pacing and intonation when reading aloud B.use alphabetic principles, which are necessary to develop the ability to decode words C.identify when what is read does not make sense and a fix-up strategy is needed D.recognize that text is read from left to right, top to bottom

Answer 144

B.use alphabetic principles, which are necessary to develop the ability to decode words (To decode words requires students to know the sounds each letter makes, which is mandatory when helping young students learn to read.)

Question 145

A first-grade teacher has the students model the numbers 100 and 30 with place-value blocks. Which of the following student comments best indicates an understanding of how to compare whole numbers? A.“Thirty is greater because the three is greater than the one.” B.“Hundred is greater because the hundred has ten tens and thirty has three tens.” C.“Thirty is greater because the hundred has one ten and thirty has three tens.” D.“Hundred is greater because ten comes before thirty on the number line.”

Answer 145

B.“Hundred is greater because the hundred has ten tens and thirty has three tens.” (The student comment shows an understanding that hundreds are made up of 10 tens.)

Question 146

Which of the following is equivalent to 35 percent? A.0.035 B.7/21 C.21/60 D.3.5

Answer 146

C.21/60 (21/60 is equivalent to 35/100 or 35%.)

Question 147

Which of the following appropriately uses the distributive property of multiplication over addition to find the value of 3×69 ? A.69+69+69 B.23×9 C.(3×60)+(3×9) D.69×3

Answer 147

C.(3×60)+(3×9) ((3×60)+(3×9) is an example of using the distributive property of multiplication over addition to solve 3×69.)

Question 148

A teacher shows students two different numbers and asks the students to perform the following steps. 1. For each number, build a tower from connecting cubes so that the number of cubes is the same as the number. 2. Place the taller tower to the left of the shorter tower on the desk. 3. Write a number sentence for the sum of the two numbers. After students complete the activity, the teacher asks students to place the shorter tower to the left of the taller tower, then write a number sentence for the sum. Which of the following properties is most closely aligned with the activity? A.Associative property of addition B.Commutative property of addition C.Distributive property of multiplication over addition D.Additive inverse property

Answer 148

B.Commutative property of addition (The commutative property of addition shows that when adding two or more numbers, the sum remains the same even if the order in which the numbers were added changed. For example, 8+7+3=18 and 3+7+8=18.)

Question 149

A teacher has students trace one of their hands on a sheet of colored paper, cut out the tracing, and use a tool to approximate its area. Which of the following is the most appropriate tool for the students to use to accomplish the task? A.A multiplication formula B.A measuring tape C.A computer application D.A grid of one-inch squares

Answer 149

D.A grid of one-inch squares (To approximate the area of their hands, students will first place the cutout on a grid of one-inch squares. Then they will count the number of one-inch squares covered and estimate the fractional parts of squares covered. Lastly, the students will add the whole and fractional parts of the one-inch squares to get a reasonable estimate of the area of their hands in square inches.)

Question 150

There are thirty-two students in a third-grade class. Five students play the drums, eight students play the clarinet, nine students play the flute, and ten students play the piano. Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying the information? A.Dotplot B.Scatterplot C.Line graph D.Bar graph

Answer 150

D.Bar graph (Bar graphs are used to compare quantities in different categories or groups.)

Question 151

Two identical pizzas are each sliced into 8 pieces of equal size. The slices are shared among 14 students so that each student receives the same amount of pizza. What fraction of the total number of slices will remain after the slices are shared? A.1/8 B.2/14 C.2/7 D.14/16

Answer 151

A.1/8 (Each of the fourteen students will receive one of the sixteen slices of pizza, leaving two remaining. The fractional part of the two pizzas remaining will be 2/16 or 1/8.)

Question 152

Preschoolers are presented with two plates of cookies. The red plate has seven cookies, and the blue plate has ten cookies. When asked which plate has more cookies, most children say the blue plate. The children who answer the question correctly show evidence of which of the following understandings? A.Using mental strategies to add small quantities B.Using numerals to describe quantities C.Counting on to find the difference between numbers D.Comparing sets of objects visually

Answer 152

D.Comparing sets of objects visually (The children who answer the question correctly and say that the blue plate has more cookies than the red plate show evidence of the ability to compare quantities without counting, adding, or subtracting.)

Question 153

Four pies of equal size are to be cut into slices. The slices within a pie will be the same size. Pie A will be cut into 10 slices, pie B will be cut into 8 slices, pie C will be cut into 4 slices, and pie D will be cut into 2 slices. A student who receives the largest slice possible will receive a slice from which pie? A.A B.B C.C D.D

Answer 153

D.D (The slices from pie D are each 1/2 of the pie, which is a larger slice than slices that are 1/4 of the pie, 1/8 of the pie, or 1/10 of the pie.)

Question 154

A third-grade teacher asks students to solve the following word problem. Samantha bought 6 scarves for $7 each and 3 shirts for $15 each. She used a coupon to receive a discount of $1.50 on each scarf and $3.00 on each shirt. Which of the following is an appropriate first step in computing the amount, in dollars, that Samantha paid for the scarves and shirts? A.(6×7+3×15)−(1.50+3) B.6(15−3)+3(15−3) C.7(6−1.50)+3(15−3) D.6(7−1.50)+3(15−3)

Answer 154

D.6(7−1.50)+3(15−3) (The total amount of Samantha’s purchase was $6(5.50) + $3(12), which equals $69.00.)

Question 155

For a formative assessment, a second-grade teacher gives each group of students a box of pattern blocks and a task to work on collaboratively. The teacher can best assess the students’ understanding of composing two-dimensional shapes by having the students perform which of the following tasks? A.Naming the shape and color of each block in the set and ordering the blocks by size B.Making a table and listing the number of sides and the number of angles in each shape C.Using the pattern blocks to copy given pictures of boats, animals, flowers, and cars D.Using only the triangular blocks in the set to build each of the other shapes in the set

Answer 155

D.Using only the triangular blocks in the set to build each of the other shapes in the set (Composing shapes involves building new shapes from other shapes, while decomposing shapes involves breaking down a shape into small constituent shapes.)

Question 156

A third-grade teacher read the following excerpt from The Best of Times by Greg Tang. Two is very fast and fun, quickly double and you’re done. What’s that you say, be more precise? Okay then, just add it twice! Which TWO of the following number sentences best exemplify the same pattern as the one described? A.3×3=2×4.5 B.6÷2=6×1/2 C.7×2=7+7 D.5+5+5+5=4×5 E.8+8=2×8

Answer 156

C.7×2=7+7 E.8+8=2×8 (The poem illustrates the concept of doubling when a number is multiplied by 2. Option (C) is correct because 7×2 is the same as 7+7 and option (E) is correct because 8+8 is the same as 8×2.)

Question 157

The Lakeview Elementary School library had between 600 and 650 books in 2013 and between 750 and 800 books in 2015. About how many more books did the library have in 2015? A group of third graders are working on the problem shown. Analeigh says that the answer is about 150 books, and Matthew says that the answer is about 250 books. Which of the following observations is the most appropriate? A.Matthew’s estimate is best because it is the greatest possible difference in the number of books. B.Analeigh’s estimate is best because it is between the greatest and least possible differences. C.Both estimates are reasonable because they are both based on the given ranges. D.Neither estimate is reasonable because one is too high and one is too low.

Answer 157

B.Analeigh’s estimate is best because it is between the greatest and least possible differences. (Analeigh’s estimate is based on the difference between both the low estimates and the high estimates in the given ranges.)

Question 158

A kindergarten teacher engages students in a lesson with color blocks by asking them to stack a blue block on a green block, a red block next to a yellow block, and two orange blocks on top of a blue block. The activity will best help students understand which of the following? A.Using one-to-one correspondence B.Classifying objects based on attributes C.Following directions related to position D.Creating repeating patterns with blocks

Answer 158

C.Following directions related to position (Positional words help kindergarten students relate to the position of objects, where they are in the world around them, and to understand how the objects relate to one another.)

Question 159

When the denominator of a fraction is 1, then the fraction A.simplifies to less than 1 B.is a unit fraction C.represents a whole number D.is an improper fraction

Answer 159

C.represents a whole number (When the denominator of a fraction is 1, the fraction is a whole number. For example, 4/1=4.)

Question 160

Which of the following will best help students understand how to write three-digit numbers in expanded form? A.Learning how to write three-digit numbers in words B.Comparing and ordering three-digit numbers on a number line C.Decomposing three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, and ones D.Practicing how to add two or more three-digit numbers

Answer 160

C.Decomposing three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, and ones (Three-digit numbers are made up of hundreds, tens, and ones. Identifying the digit in each place will help the students learn to write in expanded form.)

Question 161

A kindergarten teacher places students into groups and gives each group two different containers. The teacher then asks the students to determine which container has the greater capacity. Which of the following activities would best help the students solve the problem? A.Using linking cubes to measure the height of each container B.Filling each container with equal-sized scoops of sand C.Using a ruler to measure the base of each container D.Weighing each container on a balance scale

Answer 161

B.Filling each container with equal-sized scoops of sand (Filling the containers with sand would measure the capacity—that is, how much sand each container can hold.)

Question 162

Which of the following is an attribute of both cones and cylinders? A.They have circular bases. B.They have two bases. C.They have parallel sides. D.They have three faces.

Answer 162

A.They have circular bases. (Cones and cylinders both have circular bases.)

Question 163

Which of the following student statements best demonstrates an understanding of multiplication? A.“Multiplication is the difference between two groups.” B.“Multiplication finds the quotient of two numbers.” C.“Multiplication combines groups of equal size together.” D.“Multiplication means sharing a set of objects equally.”

Answer 163

C.“Multiplication combines groups of equal size together.” (Multiplication is also repeated addition, or combining sets or groups with the same number of objects.)

Question 164

1, 4, 7, 10, _____ A first-grade teacher presents the class with the arithmetic pattern shown. To complete the pattern, it is most important for students to be familiar with which of the following concepts? A.Identifying place value B.Ordering whole numbers C.Adding two numbers D.Creating AB patterns

Answer 164

C.Adding two numbers (The teacher must first expose the students to simple one-step addition problems to help them recognize patterns in numbers and operations.)

Question 165

Problem: A school is renting vans to take 143 students and teachers on a field trip. Each van can hold 18 people. If the school rents the least number of vans possible, how many vans does the school need to rent? A third-grade teacher gives students the word problem shown. Based on the information provided, which THREE of the following statements are correct? A.Eight vans are needed for the field trip. B.Two vans will have fewer than 18 people. C.Nine vans will have 18 people each in them. D.Seven vans will be completely full. E.One van will have only 17 people in it.

Answer 165

A.Eight vans are needed for the field trip. D.Seven vans will be completely full. E.One van will have only 17 people in it. (143÷18=7, with a remainder of 17, which means the school needs to rent 8 vans. 7 out of the 8 vans will be completely full, and only 1 van will have 17 people in it.)

Question 166

A kindergarten teacher is helping students learn words that express their feelings. Which of the following instructional strategies most effectively reinforces the teacher’s goal? A.Writing students’ names on the board if they become overly upset B.Instructing students to point out their classmates’ emotions during various interactions C.Helping students make a class book showing various emotions D.Advising students who become upset to stop crying and act appropriately

Answer 166

C.Helping students make a class book showing various emotions (Making a class book gives students an opportunity to learn about emotions and interact with each other and the teacher, which helps them learn to identify and express their emotions.)

Question 167

A family of multiple generations living together so members can help support each other is an example of cultural A.diversity B.interdependence C.independence D.perspective

Answer 167

B.interdependence (Cultural interdependence describes a situation in which members value being together, helping each other, and growing together as a family or cultural unit.)

Question 168

After having a preschool class read an expository picture book based on an important historical topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate way for the teacher to have students demonstrate chronological-thinking skills? A.Breaking textual information in the book into units of time B.Supporting textual information in the book with a time line C.Examining and describing artifacts used during the period in which the events of the book occur D.Arranging pictures of the events from the book in sequential order

Answer 168

D.Arranging pictures of the events from the book in sequential order (Chronological-thinking skills include the ability to distinguish between past, present, and future time, and to identify the structure of a historical narrative or story; i.e., its beginning, middle, and end. Arranging pictures of an event in sequential order requires chronological-thinking skills and is appropriate for this grade level.)

Question 169

An elementary teacher can most effectively introduce students to the concept of civic participation by A.providing clearly defined classroom rules B.having students help create classroom rules C.helping students settle disputes calmly D.creating an assigned seating chart

Answer 169

B.having students help create classroom rules (Having students help create classroom rules allows them to be part of the civic process and introduces them to the concepts of justice, equality, rule of law, and citizenship.)

Question 170

Which of the following activities is best for a first-grade teacher to use when introducing basic geographic literacy skills? A.Using a legend on a map to identify landmarks and familiar buildings near the school B.Drawing a scaled map of familiar objects and locations to show relative distance C.Using a compass rose and cardinal directions to describe relationships between cities and states D.Describing how objects in the classroom would look if viewed from a hot-air balloon

Answer 170

D.Describing how objects in the classroom would look if viewed from a hot-air balloon (It is appropriate to introduce students to the concept of maps by using a very familiar environment, such as their classroom. By using the view from a hot-air balloon, it helps students understand the concept of perspective while using a map; i.e., seeing things from another viewpoint. This activity will also help students learn basic map features, such as directionality terms, legends, and scales.)

Question 171

Which of the following situations best demonstrates the concept of interdependence? A.Mr. Scott grows all the vegetables his family eats on their farm. B.A teacher rewards the student of the week with a new pencil. C.Annie decides not to buy ice cream and buys a book instead. D.A sports club buys lunch for its members from the local diner.

Answer 171

D.A sports club buys lunch for its members from the local diner. (Interdependence means depending on others for some needs. The sports club relies on the diner to provide lunch for its members.)

Question 172

Which of the following events best exemplifies a direct impact people have on the physical environment? A.An algal bloom in a nearby lake B.A blizzard that causes school closures C.A methane leak caused by fracking D.A wildfire sparked by lightning

Answer 172

C.A methane leak caused by fracking (Human activities such as fracking alter the environment in different ways. Fracking, a way to extract natural gas or oil from layers of rocks, leads to increased levels of methane, a greenhouse gas that eventually produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.)

Question 173

Which of the following instructional strategies is most appropriate when teaching preschool students conflict resolution skills? A.Telling students who are arguing to hug each other and to use kind words B.Placing arguing students in separate chairs to think about their words C.Notifying students’ parents about what happened and asking the parents to talk with their children D.Having students take turns explaining what happened and helping them resolve the issue together

Answer 173

D.Having students take turns explaining what happened and helping them resolve the issue together (Having students resolve the issue together includes the students in the resolution process. The students need to provide input and be a part of the process to learn how to solve conflicts in the future.)

Question 174

Which of the following activities best helps third-grade students understand the concept of civic participation in the community? A.Meeting with local representatives to discuss community issues B.Making a list of organizations that are located within their community C.Researching the political platforms of local representatives within the community D.Reading about the structure of their local government

Answer 174

A.Meeting with local representatives to discuss community issues (Civic participation refers to the way community members engage in the life of their community. Meeting with local representatives to discuss community issues provides an opportunity for the students to interact with community leaders and contribute to the development of their community.)

Question 175

At the beginning of the school year, a teacher organizes a variety of icebreaker activities for students to help them build trust and become comfortable taking academic risks. Which of the following civics concepts is best taught through these activities? A.Justice B.Power C.Freedom D.Citizenship

Answer 175

D.Citizenship (The activities described will teach students to be part of a community that cares for and respects its members.)

Question 176

Which of the following teacher actions is most helpful in promoting self-regulation in a kindergarten classroom? A.Providing students opportunities for make-believe playtime in which they set and negotiate rules with their peers B.Explaining to students the need to be respectful of their classmates and thereby create a positive classroom environment C.Correcting students who misbehave and using each situation to remind students how to behave appropriately D.Referring students to the posted classroom rules when they have difficulty waiting their turn or sharing with their peers

Answer 176

A.Providing students opportunities for make-believe playtime in which they set and negotiate rules with their peers (Playtime activities provide students with the opportunity to practice real-life situations while interacting with their peers. During imaginative play, students are involved in roles that require them to develop self-regulation by mastering their thinking, emotions, and behavior.)

Question 177

A teacher of young children hopes to convey the idea of scarcity by conducting an activity in the classroom. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for helping the students understand the concept and how it affects them? A.Handing out a different candy to each student in the classroom B.Drawing a picture that illustrates 20 students and only 25 cookies C.Placing students in a line and giving a sticker to every third student D.Discussing the meaning with students and explaining real-life situations

Answer 177

C.Placing students in a line and giving a sticker to every third student (The scenario illustrates the concept of scarcity since not all the students receive a sticker.)

Question 178

Which TWO of the following books are most appropriate to use to teach third graders about comparing and contrasting two cultures? A.The Blacker the Berry by Joyce Carol Thomas, a collection of poems celebrating the varieties of African American ethnic heritages B.Journey to Jo’burg by Beverley Naidoo, a book about siblings traveling through South Africa to find their mother in Johannesburg C.Two Mrs. Gibsons by Toyomi Igus, a book about a girl’s relationship with her Japanese mother and African American grandmother D.Under the Moon and Over the Sea, edited by John Agard and Grace Nichols, a compilation of poems about Caribbean traditions E.The Color of Home by Mary Hoffman, a book about a boy and his family who were forced by war to move from Somalia to the United States

Answer 178

C.Two Mrs. Gibsons by Toyomi Igus, a book about a girl’s relationship with her Japanese mother and African American grandmother E.The Color of Home by Mary Hoffman, a book about a boy and his family who were forced by war to move from Somalia to the United States (Option (C), Two Mrs. Gibsons, compares and contrasts Japanese culture and African American culture, and option (E), The Color of Home, compares and contrasts Somalia with the United States.)

Question 179

Which of the following instructional activities best develops a preschool student’s understanding of how the physical characteristics of a location affect human behavior? A.Creating a graph with local area activities students enjoy doing with their families B.Reading stories aloud that depict activities students enjoy throughout the world C.Role-playing daily activities that students participate in throughout the world D.Researching professional occupations found in various locations throughout the world

Answer 179

C.Role-playing daily activities that students participate in throughout the world (Participating in role-playing of daily activities found in various locations will provide students with opportunities to understand that areas differ in activities because of location and weather.)

Question 180

Which of the following teaching strategies best helps children in early childhood classrooms build relationships based on acceptable norms for social behavior? A.Providing Web sites with video stories that exemplify preferred behaviors so students can view them at home B.Reading and discussing books that contain examples of positive role models C.Modeling and guiding interactions that are needed to get along well with others D.Providing concrete classroom structures and opportunities for students to take turns

Answer 180

C.Modeling and guiding interactions that are needed to get along well with others (Modeling positive interactions of common tasks provides students with the verbal and visual cues they need to imitate the desired behavior.)

Question 181

Of the following combinations of laboratory materials, which is best for determining the volume of a small, irregularly shaped rock? A.Sand and an electronic balance B.A piece of string and a ruler C.Water and a graduated cylinder D.Rubber bands and a spring scale

Answer 181

C.Water and a graduated cylinder (The volume of a small, irregularly shaped rock can be determined by measuring the amount of liquid that is displaced when the rock is put in a graduated cylinder that is partially filled with water.)

Question 182

The water in Earth’s lakes, rivers, and oceans is best described as being part of which of the following? A.The hydrosphere B.The atmosphere C.The lithosphere D.The magnetosphere

Answer 182

A.The hydrosphere (The hydrosphere describes the combined mass of Earth’s water, including the water that is found in Earth’s lakes, rivers, and oceans.)

Question 183

Which of the following activities will best help students understand that sound involves a series of vibrations? A.Listening to various instruments and comparing the sounds they produce B.Covering speakers with cardboard and listening to how the volume of music changes C.Placing grains of rice on top of a drum and observing the result when striking the drum with a mallet D.Listening to the sounds that wooden blocks make when dropped from different heights

Answer 183

C.Placing grains of rice on top of a drum and observing the result when striking the drum with a mallet (Striking the drum with a mallet will cause the grains of rice to bounce, which will help students visualize the vibrations that create the drum sound.)

Question 184

Which of the following activities best helps students understand the interdependent relationships in an ecosystem? A.Listing the similarities and differences between plants and animals B.Creating posters of different food chains in a pond ecosystem C.Identifying the functions of different parts of a flowering plant D.Watching a video about the life cycles of a butterfly and a chicken

Answer 184

B.Creating posters of different food chains in a pond ecosystem (Creating posters of different food chains in a pond ecosystem is a hands-on activity that will help students understand the feeding relationships of organisms found in the same ecosystem.)

Question 185

Which of the following best illustrates a physical change? A.Butter melting on a slice of toast B.Fireworks being lit for a display C.A nail rusting after being placed outside D.A candle burning

Answer 185

A.Butter melting on a slice of toast (During a physical change, the chemical composition of a substance does not change even though its physical appearance may change. When butter melts, its physical property changes from a solid to liquid state.)

Question 186

Of the following, which process typically causes the most rapid changes to Earth’s surface? A.Weathering of rocks B.Movement of rocks by glaciers C.Eruption of volcanos D.Formation of river deltas

Answer 186

C.Eruption of volcanos (Volcanic eruptions cause rapid changes to Earth’s surface in different ways, such as by ejecting lava, cinders, pumice, and ash that can have an immediate impact on wildlife, quickly change or destroy existing features of Earth’s surface, or create new landforms in a short amount of time. Volcanic eruptions also trigger mudflows and avalanches or create cracks in Earth’s surface.)

Question 187

Which of the following activities is most appropriate to help children distinguish between living and nonliving things? A.Observing how earthworms move through and improve the soil in a worm farm B.Making a Venn diagram and comparing the characteristics of a robot and a human being C.Creating a T-chart and listing the common features of a predator and its prey D.Noting changes over time in an aquatic plant and a fish living in the same fish tank

Answer 187

B.Making a Venn diagram and comparing the characteristics of a robot and a human being (A living thing is made up of cells and exhibits characteristics of life such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to stimuli. Although robots have a lot in common with humans, robots do not grow or reproduce to pass on their genetic information.)

Question 188

Which of the following forms of energy is stored in a battery? A.Kinetic B.Chemical C.Heat D.Nuclear

Answer 188

B.Chemical (A battery is a device that stores chemical energy that is transformed into electrical energy when a chemical reaction takes place.)

Question 189

According to Newton’s first law of motion, objects not acted upon by a net force tend to remain at rest or remain in motion as a result of A.friction B.inertia C.tension D.velocity

Answer 189

B.inertia (Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.)

Question 190

Students in a preschool class are asked to use magnifying glasses to examine items they find outdoors. Which of the following basic science skills is emphasized in the activity? A.Recording data B.Making inferences C.Observing D.Classifying

Answer 190

C.Observing (Magnifying lenses help people take a closer look at objects by increasing the size of the objects.)

Question 191

The students in a third-grade class investigate how polar bears that live in the Arctic are different from black bears that live in the temperate deciduous forests of North America. The activity will primarily help the students understand which of the following? A.How human activities affect wildlife B.How different types of organisms acquire energy C.How different animals are adapted to different environments D.How the weather in certain areas varies with the seasons

Answer 191

C.How different animals are adapted to different environments (Investigating how polar bears that live in the Arctic are different from black bears that live in the temperate deciduous forests of North America will help students understand how different animals are uniquely adapted to the environments in which they live.)

Question 192

The students in a science class want to increase participation among their peers in their school’s recycling program. Of the following activities, which provides the students with the best opportunity to use creative problem solving to achieve their goal? A.Writing a report about the history of a recycling program in a major urban area B.Browsing Web sites to find a list of consumer products that are made from recycled materials C.Reading a chapter in a textbook to learn about the environmental benefits of recycling D.Producing different advertising campaigns about recycling to see which is the most effective

Answer 192

D.Producing different advertising campaigns about recycling to see which is the most effective (Producing different advertising campaigns to see which is most effective is the best opportunity for students to use creative problem solving. The students develop possible solutions to a problem and then test the effectiveness of the solutions they developed.)

Question 193

Of the following, which is most likely to be a reliable source of information? A.An opinion piece published in a newspaper B.A blog post on a personal Web site C.A peer-reviewed article in a scholarly journal D.A pamphlet distributed by a political advocacy group

Answer 193

C.A peer-reviewed article in a scholarly journal (A peer-reviewed article in a scholarly journal has been reviewed by experts in that field, making it a reliable source of information.)

Question 194

During a science lesson, a teacher reads aloud from The Magic School Bus On the Ocean Floor by Joanna Cole and Bruce Degen. Which of the following excerpts from the book best describes erosion? A.“Sea urchins crawl on the sea bottom.” B.“Oceans cover almost three-fourths of the planet.” C.“Water sculpts the earth over time.” D.“There is more water than land on Earth.”

Answer 194

C.“Water sculpts the earth over time.” (Erosion is the process by which bits of rock or soil are moved from one place to another by water, wind, or ice. Erosion often results in changes to Earth’s surface over time.)

Question 195

Which of the following is a childhood disease that is preventable though vaccination? A.Pink eye B.Strep throat C.Chicken pox D.Gastroenteritis

Answer 195

C.Chicken pox (Chicken pox (also called varicella) is a common childhood disease that has a licensed vaccine available. All children should get two doses of varicella vaccine starting at age 1. Some teens and adults may also need this vaccine if they did not get two doses of the vaccine or chicken pox disease when they were younger.)

Question 196

An unhealthy emotional state can have a direct impact on physical health by A.increasing the number of carcinogens present within the body B.upsetting the body’s hormone balance and weakening the immune system C.making it impossible to engage in regular cardiovascular exercise D.decreasing the amount of calories and nutrients the body can absorb

Answer 196

B.upsetting the body’s hormone balance and weakening the immune system (An unhealthy emotional state can upset the body’s hormone balance and deplete the brain chemicals required for feelings of happiness, as well as have a damaging impact on the immune system.)

Question 197

A teacher observes that a student displays frequent mood swings and hyperactive behaviors. Although the teacher has shared this information with the student’s parents and school counselor, the student should ultimately be evaluated by which of the following? A.An occupational therapist B.A speech-language pathologist C.A psychologist D.A physical therapist

Answer 197

C.A psychologist (A child suspected of having a mood disorder should be comprehensively evaluated by a trained health care professional such as a psychologist.)

Question 198

Which of the following health risks is primarily associated with prolonged tobacco use? A.Prematurely wrinkled skin B.Psoriatic arthritis C.Type I diabetes D.Low blood pressure

Answer 198

A.Prematurely wrinkled skin (Using tobacco can accelerate the aging process, causing prematurely wrinkled skin.)

Question 199

A child who rides a bike five days a week for 30 minutes each session is most likely to improve A.anaerobic muscle development B.quadriceps flexibility C.cardiovascular endurance D.upper body strength

Answer 199

C.cardiovascular endurance (Riding a bike is an aerobic activity that can improve cardiovascular endurance.)

Question 200

An elementary physical education teacher notices that a kindergarten student, Melvin, sits out during warm up activities while the rest of the class is performing jumping jacks. Melvin tells the teacher that he can’t do jumping jacks. As a result of the conversation, the teacher models jumping jacks and helps the student move the legs and arms simultaneously and in opposition. After a week of practice, the student’s skills improve, and he participates with the class. By challenging Melvin in this situation the teacher recognizes the need for students to develop A.physical fitness routines B.self-efficacy C.positive relationships D.emotional stability

Answer 200

B.self-efficacy (The teacher takes note of Melvin’s lack of confidence and appropriately supports him in a way that develops his skills and increases a sense of efficacy.)

Question 201

Which of the following reasons best supports the need for schools to provide quality physical activity programs? A.Schools are an ideal setting for teaching children how to adopt and maintain a healthy, active lifestyle. B.Schools can provide children the 30 minutes of physical activity and muscular-strengthening activities they need daily. C.Schools are legally responsible for eliminating and preventing childhood obesity. D.Schools can allow children to use physical activity as a break from academic work.

Answer 201

A.Schools are an ideal setting for teaching children how to adopt and maintain a healthy, active lifestyle. (Schools can help children to be more physically active for a lifetime by teaching them how to adopt and maintain healthy, active lifestyles.)

Question 202

Which of the following activities best develops agility as skill-related fitness for elementary students? A.Doing timed short sprints B.Doing high knee lifts C.Dropping and catching a ball D.Weaving in and out through cones

Answer 202

D.Weaving in and out through cones (Weaving through cones best develops the skill of agility, which is a skill-related fitness component.)

Question 203

Which of the following movement activities best introduces a child to the concept of force? A.Pretending to move like a butterfly and then like a bear B.Mirroring the teacher’s movements C.Singing and acting out “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes” D.Moving the body in ways that simulate roundness and then flatness

Answer 203

A.Pretending to move like a butterfly and then like a bear (Moving like a butterfly requires much less force than moving like a bear. This activity is an appropriate introduction to the concept of force.)

Question 204

Which of the following projects primarily focuses on teaching third-grade art students about radial balance? A.Folding an oriental origami swan B.Carving a simple jack-o’-lantern C.Painting a monochromatic gradient scale D.Designing a cut-paper mandala

Answer 204

D.Designing a cut-paper mandala (Objects with radial balance are based on the circle and have a strong focal point. They are vertically and horizontally symmetrical. Designing a cut-paper mandala, which teaches radial balance by using cut-paper shapes to create a circular mandala, is appropriate for third-grade art students.)

Question 205

A critique based on the analysis of a work of art’s purely visual characteristics always begins with asking oneself which of the following questions? A.What were the artist’s intentions? B.What do you see? C.How does the work make you feel? D.How did the artist create the work?

Answer 205

B.What do you see? (An art critique primarily based on visual characteristics is commonly called a formal analysis. Visual elements of art like color, line and shape as well as art principles like composition are noted and evaluated in this style of critique. A formal analysis traditionally begins with simply describing these visual characteristics.)

Question 206

Which of the following classroom activities best incorporates science and art learning objectives? A.Folding origami animals for display B.Graphing constellations on grid paper C.Creating a model of an insect’s body D.Drawing a diagram of the research process

Answer 206

C.Creating a model of an insect’s body (The students are using art to sculpt and form the insects and incorporating science into their art by giving their insects appropriate anatomy and characteristics.)

Question 207

After a play has been cast, actors often meet to begin practicing their parts and gain a common understanding of the entire play. By engaging in this activity, actors are A.participating in a curtain call B.having a dress rehearsal C.running polishing rehearsals D.completing a read-through

Answer 207

D.completing a read-through (A read-through may be defined as a complete reading of a play aloud by the assembled cast, usually at the first rehearsal.)

Question 208

Which of the following best describes a play director’s coordination of actors’ onstage movements? A.Establishing set boundaries B.Blocking a scene C.Arranging permissions D.Analyzing an action

Answer 208

B.Blocking a scene (Blocking defines the coordination of actors’ movements onstage.)

Question 209

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a scene shop? A.Applying false noses and hairpieces B.Wiring and hanging lighting instruments C.Constructing and painting backgrounds D.Sewing, fitting, and mending costumes

Answer 209

C.Constructing and painting backgrounds (Background scenes are built and often painted in a scene shop before they are moved onstage.)

Question 210

Which of the following is the best reason for a teacher to incorporate creative drama and dance activities into daily lessons? A.To provide opportunities for students to practice empathy and expression B.To showcase the talent and skills of individual students C.To allow for energy dissipation in the classroom through movement D.To ensure affective development over cognitive development

Answer 210

A.To provide opportunities for students to practice empathy and expression (Creative drama and dance activities are understood by teachers to help students better understand other people’s responses, emotions, and actions.)

Question 211

Use of creative drama activities in language arts lessons has been shown to A.increase students’ writing legibility B.decrease commonly misspelled words C.increase students’ comprehension of word meanings D.decrease mispronunciations of difficult vocabulary

Answer 211

C.increase students’ comprehension of word meanings (Research indicates acting out scenes in creative drama activities requires increased exploration of word usage and meaning.)