Praxis II - Practice Test Flashcards

Question

A prekindergarten teacher is doing a lesson on categorizing classroom objects into sets. Which of the following mathematical concepts must children have some familiarity with before attempting the activity? A. Understanding patterns and relationships B. Recognizing the position of whole numbers C. Comparing two- and three-dimensional shapes D. Matching values with their numerical representations

Answer 1

Option (A) is correct. The recognition of patterns and relationships is necessary for categorization. A child may be able to sequence numbers or match values with numerical representations without relating the attributes of objects to one another, as is necessary for categorizing. Although some of the objects presented may be categorized by their dimension, merely distinguishing between two- and three-dimensional objects is not adequate for distinguishing the other attributes that make up a category or form a basis of comparison.

Answer 2

Option (D) is correct. Performance-based assessment, also known as alternative or authentic assessment, is a form of testing that requires students to perform a task rather than select an answer from a ready-made list. For example, a student may be asked to explain historical events, generate scientific hypotheses, solve math problems, converse in a foreign language, or conduct research on an assigned topic. Experienced raters — either teachers or other trained staff — then judge the quality of the student's work based on an agreed-upon set of criteria. This new form of assessment is most widely used to directly assess writing ability based on text produced by students under test instructions.

Answer 3

Option (B) is correct. Before (A), (C), and (D) can be attempted, the problem must be identified.

Answer 4

Option (A) is correct. Current research recommends that use of proximity is the best action for teachers to take to reduce off-task behaviors and hold the attention of students. Teachers can reduce off-task behaviors by standing or sitting near the students during a lesson while giving directions or engaging in discussion. Best practice is for the teacher to circulate around the room to keep students focused during group activities and individual work.

Answer 5

Option (C) is correct. Research shows that parents’ reading aloud to children during the preschool years is the most influential home literacy activity and is especially beneficial when children are active participants.

Answer 6

Option (A) is correct. Equity is a homeowner's interest in a property. It is the difference between fair market value and the current amount the owner owes on the property.

Answer 7

Option (D) is correct. The descriptions above describe a child in the preoperational period — intuitive phase of Piaget’s developmental stages.

Answer 8

Option (C) is correct. Washing hands often with soap and drying with paper towels is an effective way to prevent cross-contamination and the spread of bacteria in the kitchen.

Answer 9

Option (B) is correct. The foundation plan shows the location of a house on a site as well as other features such as garages, walks, walls, and garden areas.

Answer 10

Option (D) is correct. Goulash is a Hungarian dish made by many immigrants from Eastern Europe that settled in the Midwest.

Answer 11

Option (A) is correct. Interactive instruction relies heavily on discussion and sharing among participants. Students can learn from peers and teachers to develop social skills and abilities, to organize their thoughts, and to develop rational arguments. The interactive instruction strategy allows for a range of groupings and interactive methods. It is important for the teacher to outline the topic, the amount of discussion time, the composition and size of the groups, and reporting or sharing techniques. Interactive instruction requires the refinement of observation, listening, interpersonal, and intervention skills and abilities by both teacher and students.

Answer 12

Option (B) is correct. The most powerful influence a family can have on the behavior of a young child is through modeling desired behaviors.

Answer 13

Option (C) is correct. The FDA does not regulate safe handling of livestock. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) handles livestock meat and poultry products.

Answer 14

Option (D) is correct. Vitamin K is not an antioxidant.

Answer 15

Option (A) is correct. y Even though a slow cooker uses very little energy, it is usually turned on for most of the day, using more energy than a pressure cooker, a microwave oven, or a convection oven. One way to cook tender meat is to turn to a pressure cooker. Because you're cooking with steam, the meals cook faster, using less energy. Flavors mingle in the swirling steam so many chefs swear the food tastes better, too.

Answer 16

Option (C) is correct. The correct procedure for rolling out pie crusts is to roll the dough from the center out with a floured rolling pin, occasionally turning the dough.

Answer 17

Option (D) is correct. Ingredients are listed on a food label in descending order of predominance by weight.

Answer 18

Option (B) is correct. A dress with an Empire style has a fitted bodice ending just below the bust, giving a high-waisted appearance, and a gathered skirt that is long and loosely fitting. The shape of the dress also helps to lengthen the body's appearance.

Answer 19

Option (D) is correct. The specifications contain modifications that would accommodate the needs of an elderly couple. The increased lighting increases visibility, and the specific handles and levers address possible difficulty with gross or fine motor skills.

Answer 20

Option (B) is correct. Housing costs normally take the biggest bite out of your budget. The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ annual report on consumer expenditures showed that 34% of Americans’ spending goes toward housing costs.

Answer 21

Option (C) is correct. The most important benefit of brand is to influence consumer buying habits. A family brand name is used for products by building customer trust and loyalty to the family brand name; all products that use the brand can benefit. Building trust and loyalty leads to customers deciding whether to purchase a product or not, thereby influencing spending habits.

Answer 22

Option (B) is correct. A blog site is a way of posting personal, lengthy commentaries on a business.

Answer 23

Option (C) is correct. The family life cycle consists of a set of predictable steps or patterns and developmental tasks families experience over time. During the expanding or parenting stage, children enter the picture and the family expands. The family life cycle concept facilitates studying the family from beginning to end.

Answer 24

Option (B) is correct. The term visitation rights refers to a custody action in which permission is granted by the court to a noncustodial parent to visit his or her child or children. It may also refer to rights extended to grandparents.

Answer 25

Option (D) is correct. Cotton is the best fabric because it will keep the sweat away and the skin protected from the sunlight.

Answer 26

Option (B) is correct. Salmonella is a contaminant often found in eggs.

Answer 27

Option (A) is correct. The goal of premarital counseling for those certain they want to marry is to learn how to communicate needs and expectations. Premarital counseling questions are designed to give the partners a better understanding of each other by learning how to positively communicate needs and expectations.

Answer 28

Option (D) is correct. The FCCLA’s purposes are to: 1) provide opportunities for personal development and preparation for adult life; 2) strengthen the function of the family as a basic unit of society; 3) encourage democracy through cooperative action in the home and community; 4) encourage individual and group involvement in helping achieve global cooperation and harmony; 5) promote greater understanding between youth and adults; 6) provide opportunities for making decisions and for assuming responsibilities; 7) prepare for the multiple roles of men and women in today's society; and 8) promote family and consumer sciences and related occupations. FCCLA, the Family, Careers and Community Leaders Association, gives students the opportunity to participate in numerous individual and chapter programs that strengthen life skills, expand their leadership potential, and explore careers in family and consumer sciences.

Answer 29

Option A is correct because frequent assessing like checking work, questioning, and teacher observation help guide students during the performance phase.

Answer 30

Option (C) is correct. The activity falls primarily within the application level of Bloom’s taxonomy. Application is the use of previously learned information in new and concrete situations to solve problems that have single or best answers.

Answer 31

Option (A) is correct. This option best illustrates the incorporation of another academic area activity into a family and consumer sciences (FCS) lesson by having the students write a review of a meal generated from a new recipe. All other options are typical of the FCS curriculum.

Answer 32

Option (A) is correct. When you are creating a team, try to create an environment where people can learn how to communicate and trust each other. Often you can improve your team by creating a temporary environment that requires everyone to learn to communicate and trust each other. There are many famous corporate games and simulations that can help achieve this.

Answer 33

Option (D) is correct. According to Rogers, self-concept develops through interactions with others and involves awareness of being and functioning. Self-concept is based largely on social evaluations and experiences. Individuals evaluate experiences throughout their lifetime; therefore, self-concept develops and changes over time. Self-concept is the way people think about themselves. It is unique, dynamic, and always evolving.

Answer 34

Option (B) is correct. State and district standards are the ones students must meet to graduate. There is no guarantee the national standards, textbooks, or other teachers’ lesson plans will perfectly match current state standards. While many of the STEM standards are covered in family and consumer sciences (FCS) classes, they are not the priority for curriculum development.

Answer 35

Option (C) is correct. The FCCLA Career Connection program helps youth link their options and skills so that they can find success in families, careers, and communities. Through individual, cooperative, and competitive activities, members discover their strengths, target career goals, and initiate a plan for achieving the lifestyle they desire.

Answer 36

Option (A) is correct. Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA), formerly known as Future Homemakers of America (FHA), is a nonprofit career and technical student organization (CTSO) for young men and women in family and consumer science (FACS) education in public and private schools through grade 12 across the United States. FCCLA is the only in-school student organization with family as its central focus, and it provides opportunities for active student participation at local, state, and national levels.

Answer 37

Option (C) is correct. The Occupational Outlook Handbook is the United States Department of Labor's source for career information. The handbook profiles feature hundreds of occupations and describe what they do, how to become employed in a chosen field, pay, work environment, and more. Each profile also includes the Bureau of Labor Services employment projections.

Answer 38

Option (D) is correct. A product or performance-based assessment is most appropriate for a laboratory-based course.

Answer 39

Option (A) is correct. A space norm is the amount of space that a family needs to meet the personal space needs for the entire family.

Answer 40

Option (D) is correct. Rhythm is created by using the same color or shape at different intervals. For instance, rhythm can be established by using the same color in pillows, on a wall, and/or on a rug all in the same room. The repetition of color will carry the eye around the room.

Answer 41

Option (B) is correct. Reducing saturated fat in the diet reduces the risk of heart disease. Saturated fat increases endogenous cholesterol and triglyceride production. Reducing dietary intake of saturated fats removes a potent stimulator for raising blood lipid levels. Typically, dietary saturated fat increases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the blood, thereby increasing risk of heart disease.

Answer 42

Sequential order of the decision-marking process is as follows: 1. State the problem to solve. 2. Set goals to be accomplished. 3. Identify resources available 4. List all the alternatives to the problem. 5. Make the decision.

Answer 43

Option (D) is correct. The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 imposed new requirements on the manufacturers of toys, apparel, shoes, personal care products, accessories, jewelry, etc. This regulation requires that nearly all children’s products comply with all applicable children’s product safety rules, are tested for compliance by a CPSC-accepted laboratory, have a written certificate that is issued by the manufacturer or importer that provides evidence of the product’s compliance, and require permanent tracking information affixed to the product and its packaging.

Answer 44

Option (B) is correct. Haute couture is not only made-to-order for a specific customer, but also is made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming hand-executed techniques. In France, designation by the term haute couture is protected by law. A certain number of formal criteria (number of employees, participation in fashion shows, etc.) must be met for a fashion house to use the label. A list of houses that have met the criteria is made official every year by the French Ministry of Industry.

Answer 45

Option (B) is correct. In contrast to the dolman sleeve, the kimono sleeve may be cut in one with the front and back of the garment or may be attached to the front and back with a vertical seam.

Answer 46

Option (A) is correct. Fabric pilling is the formation of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of a fabric. It detracts from the appearance of the fabric, making it look old and worn, and it is often difficult to restore a garment with fabric pilling to its original condition. Certain types of fibers and weaves are more prone to fabric pilling than others, but it is often a normal part of wear and tear.

Answer 47

Option (B) is correct. The first and most effective component of the waste hierarchy is reducing the amount of waste created. Consumers are encouraged to reduce their waste by purchasing in bulk, buying items with less packaging, and switching to reusable, instead of single-use, items. Businesses can adopt manufacturing methods that require fewer resources and generate less waste. In addition to benefiting the environment, these efforts often offer consumers and businesses the financial incentive of less expensive purchases.

Answer 48

Option (A) is correct. The human body uses amino acids to help build muscles, organs, skin, and blood. Complete proteins contain the nine essential amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by the diet. Meat, poultry, and fish are sources of complete proteins.

Answer 49

Option (B) is correct. When substituting regular milk for buttermilk it is important to add a tablespoon of lemon juice or vinegar.

Answer 50

Option (D) is correct. 98% of all apparel purchased in the United States is manufactured in other countries due to cheaper labor costs.

Answer 51

Option (B) is correct. The discount rate is the rate commercial banks are charged for borrowing money from the Federal Reserve. Reducing the discount rate encourages banks to lend money, which encourages consumer spending.

Answer 52

Option (A) is correct. The result of an effective price ceiling below the equilibrium price will be an excess of quantity demanded versus quantity supplied, which means there will be a shortage.

Answer 53

Option (C) is correct. Unit pricing is the system of indicating the cost of a consumer product in terms of a standard unit of measure (as so much per pound, quart, or yard) in addition to the price per can, bottle, or piece.

Answer 54

Option (D) is correct. Since the end of World War II, through many ups and downs, the average large stock has returned close to 10% a year — well ahead of inflation, the return of bonds, real estate, and other savings vehicles. As a result, stocks are the best way to save money for long-term goals.

Answer 55

Option (D) is correct. Texture, one of the design elements, refers to the visual and especially tactile quality of a surface (i.e., fuzzy, smooth, rough). Design elements are the basic units of a visual image and include line, color, texture, shape, and form.

Answer 56

Option (A) is correct. The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Care Labeling Rule requires manufacturers and importers to attach care instructions to garments. Care labels include basic symbols for washing, bleaching, tumble drying, ironing, and dry cleaning.

Answer 57

Option (C) is correct. Cash value is the amount of money received if the insurance policy is surrendered before maturity or death of the insured party. The cash value is the savings component of most permanent life insurance policies, particularly whole life insurance policies. Cash value also is known as "surrender value" or "policyholder's equity."

Answer 58

Option (C) is correct. When cutting out a pattern, notches should be cut out, away from the seam allowance.

Answer 59

Options 1, 3, 5, 8, and 9 are correct. Every statement is true except statement 4, which is false. Responsibilities of the HACCP include: monitoring agricultural food production, educating employees on their roles in producing safe food products, helping assist in the prevention of food-borne illnesses, and ensuring that unsafe food does not reach consumers. Regulating the nutritional value of food is not a function of the HACCP.

Answer 60

Options 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9 are correct. Statement 1 (False). BMI is a tool to identify possible weight problems for adults. However, BMI is not a diagnostic tool to determine if disease is present. Statement 2: (True) According to the CDC, as BMI increases, overweight and obese individuals are at increased risk for many diseases and health conditions, such as coronary heart disease. Statement 3: (False) According to the CDC, for children and teens, BMI age- and sex-specific percentiles are used and allow translation of a BMI number into a percentile for a child's sex and age. For adults, BMI is not dependent on sex or age. Statement 4: (True) BMI is only one of many screening tools used to predict risk for disease. Other examples are skinfold thickness measurements, evaluations of diet, physical activity, family history, and other appropriate health screenings.

Answer 61

Option (B) is correct. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are the cornerstone of Federal nutrition policy and nutrition education activities. The publication is jointly issued and updated every five years by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It provides authoritative advice about consuming fewer calories, making informed food choices, and being physically active to attain and maintain a healthy weight, reduce risk of chronic disease, and promote overall health.

Answer 62

Option (A) is correct. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature. Eating foods that contain saturated fats raises the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Answer 63

Option (B) is correct. All of the actions listed above indicate a desire for security in all aspects of family living: human relations, financial management, and health.

Answer 64

Option (B) is correct. Parallel play is the stage when children play next to each other without interacting or sharing. Kids this age typically engage in what's called parallel play. It might look strange, but it's completely normal and developmentally useful.

Answer 65

The correct answers are A, C, and D. Barriers to conflict and negotiation are: Control issues, Physical reactions and Competitive attitude; Active listening is not a barrier but a necessary component of successful conflict resolution and negotiation.

Answer 66

Option (C) is correct; of the options listed, developmental delays may be caused by respiratory distress.

Answer 67

Option (B) is correct. In the concrete operational stage, a child can now manipulate data mentally. He or she gathers information and begins to process this information by defining, comparing, and contrasting it. He or she develops the ability to reason logically in the context of specific or concrete examples. Piaget determined that children are able to incorporate inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning involves drawing inferences from observations in order to make a generalization. The child in this stage functions very matter-of-factly, but does not yet grasp abstract concepts. This stage lasts from about seven to 11 years.

Answer 68

Option (C) is correct. Self-actualization is the level of need, according to Maslow, that refers to a person's full potential and the realization of that potential. Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be. Maslow believed that to reach this level of need, the person not only must achieve the previous needs but must master them.

Answer 69

Option (D) is correct. According to Erickson, children between the ages of 12-18 years are dealing with identity and identity confusion. This emphasis on identity is very noticeable in middle school and high school students.

Answer 70

Option (A) is correct. Credit card legislation protects consumers by improving consumer disclosures and ending some egregious practices in the credit card industry, but it stops short of capping interest rates and fees. This legislation was put in place primarily to protect consumers.

Answer 71

Children with FAS are likely to display symptoms such as low birth weight (not obesity), poor coordination, behavioral problems, and learning disabilities.

Answer 72

Option (B) is correct. The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.

Answer 73

Option (C) is correct. Color is an important part of plate presentation. For example, white fish served with white rice and creamed cauliflower may have a very good flavor. However, it will seem very monotonous and plain. And that will translate into how the customer perceives the food.

Answer 74

Option (D) is correct. Variable universal life insurance is a type of life insurance that offers a death benefit and builds a cash value that can be invested in a wide variety of separate accounts, in a similar way to mutual funds.

Answer 75

Option (B) is correct. Bias is the direction in most woven fabrics that has the greatest give, or stretch.

Answer 76

Option (D) is correct. Braising uses both dry and moist cooking.

Answer 77

(D) - general partnership - Two or more individuals haring the responsibility and finances of a business. (A) - trademark - The protection of a name or log. (B) - domain name; - An Internet address or site. (C) - incorporate - Changing a business structure so as to legally separate the entity from the people involved.

Answer 78

Option (A) is correct. The outer layer of a kernel is bran and is rich in fiber.

Answer 79

Option (A) is correct. c Wicking refers to the ability to move moisture (sweat) away from the skin to the outer layer of fabric, where it can evaporate more easily, thus helping to keep the skin dry. Fabrics with the ability to wick are often used in activewear.

Answer 80

Option (D) is correct. "Universal default clause" is the term used in the financial services industry in the United States to refer to the practice in which a lender changes the terms of a loan from the normal terms to the default terms when the lender is informed that the customer has defaulted with another lender.

Answer 81

Option (B) is correct. A bull market is an advancing financial market of a group of securities in which prices are rising or are expected to rise. The term “bull market” is most often used to refer to the stock market, but it can be applied to anything that is traded, such as bonds, currencies, and commodities.

Answer 82

Option (A) is correct. The primary consideration in planning the use of all family resources is to satisfy the needs of the whole family.

Answer 83

Option (C) is correct. Renewable energy sources consist of biomass, geothermal, solar, water, and wind.

Answer 84

Option (D) is correct. Persuasive advertising does not focus on the information about the product as much as it does on creating a desire to purchase.

Answer 85

Option (D) is correct. Hydrogenation is the process of turning vegetable oil into a solid.

Answer 86

Option (A) is correct. When foods containing vitamin C are soaked or cooked in water, the greatest loss of nutrients occurs.

Answer 87

Option (B) is correct. The right to be heard is one of the four basic rights of consumers.

Answer 88

The correct order of response is E, D, F, A, B, C. Poke, a few sliced fish mixed with seaweed, onion, chiles, and soy sauce, is from Hawaii; Scrapple, a recipe for leftover pork scraps and cornmeal, originated with the Pennsylvanian Dutch; Sopaipillas, a sweet fry bread with honey, is associated with Southwestern Native Americans; Succotash, a dish of beans and corn, is from New England; Cioppino, a fish stew, is from San Francisco; and Jambalaya, a Creole dish of rice, ham, seafood, chicken, and sausage, originated in Louisiana.

Answer 89

Option (D) is correct. Of all the topics listed, the best discussion topic is the relative merits of renting a house versus buying a house.

Answer 90

Option (A) is correct. Of the options listed, audio equipment is the item students would most likely want to purchase.

Answer 91

Option (A) is correct. Fruits are classified as simple carbohydrates because of how quickly they are digested and absorbed.

Answer 92

Option (D) is correct. A certificate of deposit would produce the greatest growth with the least risk for a term of two years.

Answer 93

Option (C) is correct. To fulfill the human body’s need for protein, a strict vegetarian diet includes plant proteins such as grains and legumes and excludes all sources of animal protein.

Answer 94

Option (C) is correct. Storing beef, pork, or poultry in the freezer or the coldest part of the refrigerator is the most effective method to prevent spoilage and waste.

Answer 95

Option (B) is correct. Behavioral objectives are what students will be able to do as a result of the lesson. “A student will be able to demonstrate the essential knowledge and skills needed to prepare a healthy and balanced meal” is an example of a behavioral objective.

Answer 96

Option (C) is correct. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the foods listed are good sources of nondairy calcium.

Answer 97

(A) This question test your knowledge of required documents for establishing employment. A Social Security Account Number card is required by United States citizens to document employment authorization in order to complete I-9 requirements. (B), (C), and (D) are not required to establish employment authorization.

Answer 98

(C) This question tests your knowledge of kitchen safety. Fire cannot exist in the absence of oxygen. With the lid on (and the heat off), the fire should quickly consume all the oxygen and put itself out. Use a metal lid since glass will shatter. Choices (A) and (B) are incorrect because pouring cold or warm water can cause the oil to splash and spread the fire. The vaporizing water can carry grease particles in it, also spreading the fire. Choice (D) is incorrect. Moving the pot may splash burning oil and cause burns or damage to the kitchen.

Answer 99

This question tests your knowledge of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of terms food companies use to describe packaged foods. Packaged food with the label of "low sodium" contains 140 mg (milligrams) or less per serving. None of the choices except (B) correctly describes the "low sodium" label.

Answer 100

(C) This question tests your knowledge of the benefits of keeping meats and vegetables separate to avoid cross-contamination. None of the choices except (C) describes the best method to use to avoid cross-contamination.

Answer 101

(A) This question tests your knowledge of menus. A la carte is a menu or list that prices food individually. Choice (B) is incorrect because a banquet is an elaborate meal for numerous people. Choice (C) is incorrect because a table d'hôtel menu is a menu containing a complete meal with a limited number of courses to choose from at a fixed total price. Choice (D) is incorrect because a buffet is a meal consisting of several dishes that guests serve themselves.

Answer 102

(D) This question tests your knowledge of the caramelization process. Caramelization is a type of nonenzymatic browning reaction that causes the addition of a nutty flavor and brown color. Choice (A) is incorrect because fermentation is the conversion of a carbohydrate into an acid or alcohol. Choice (B) is incorrect because degradation happens when foods containing starch are cooked, the heat breaks the glycosidic bonds linking the glucose units together that results in a natural sweetness to cooked food. Choice (C) is incorrect because the denaturation of protein molecules in foods usually causes substantial change to the texture of the food.

Answer 103

This question tests your knowledge of the founder of the school of analytical psychology, Carl Gustav Jung. None of the choices except (C) correctly identifies the foundational theorist who proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.

Answer 104

(A) This question tests your knowledge that matter can be divided into two categories, mixtures and pure substances. None of the choices except (A) describes how matter can be divided into categories.

Answer 105

(D) This question tests your knowledge of location as one of the most important factors when making housing choices, and the question refers to the specific placement of the home in close proximity to educational facilities, transportation, recreation, and shopping. Choices (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because cost, credit score, and resale value are not the factors being considered in the question.

Answer 106

(B) This question tests you knowledge of rapidly renewable materials. Bamboo is considered a rapidly renewable material because it has a harvest cycle of less than 10 years. Choice (A) is incorrect because asphalt is not a rapidly renewable material; it is petroleum based. Choice (C) is incorrect because leather is not considered a rapidly renewable material because the animals used to produce leather are harmed during harvest. Choice (D) is incorrect because plexiglass is not a rapidly renewable material; it is petroleum based.

Answer 107

(B) This question tests your knowledge of the three basic weave types, plain, twill, and satin, which differ from one another in number and arrangement of weft and warp yarns. None of the choices except (B) correctly describes weave types.

Answer 108

(C) This question tests your knowledge of the natural fiber linen that is manufactured mainly in Europe and used to produce a wide variety of apparel. Choices (A) and (B) are incorrect because nylon and polyester are synthetic fibers made from materials such as petroleum-based chemicals or petrochemicals. Choice (D) is incorrect because wool is a protein fiber from the hair or fleece of sheep and lambs that comes mainly from Australia and New Zealand, but is also produced in the United States.

Answer 109

(B) This question tests your knowledge of basic color theory. Colors that are opposite to each other on the color wheel, such as blue and orange, are considered complementary colors. Choice (A) is incorrect because an analogous color scheme uses adjacent, or related, colors on the color wheel. The combination of yellow, yellow-green, and green is an analogous color scheme with three hues. Choice (C) is incorrect because a monochromatic color scheme uses different tints, shades, and intensities of one color. A pale green shirt with darker green slacks is an example of a monochromatic color scheme. Choice (D) is incorrect because a triadic color scheme combines three colors equally dispersed on the wheel, such as red, yellow, and blue.

Answer 110

(A) This question tests your knowledge of strategies that foster language development to meet the diverse needs of students. The teacher is using a language experience approach to meet the needs of all students by allowing them to share their stories. The activity provides students an opportunity to hear the diverse backgrounds of others while participating and gives them an opportunity to see the words written on the board during the discussion. Choice (B) is incorrect because the teacher is not evaluating the credibility and accuracy. The teacher should have evaluated the credibility and accuracy before introducing the source to the students. Choice (C) is incorrect because the teacher should have already examined practices that include learning diversities in an early childhood setting. Choice (D) is incorrect because the teacher should have already investigated developmentally appropriate classroom resources, lessons, and activities that meets the diverse needs of students.

Answer 111

(A) This question tests your knowledge of hand stitches. A slip stitch is used for bindings, to close a lining, or for the final stitches on a stuffed pillow. Choice (B) is incorrect because the overcast stitch (sometimes called a whip stitch) is used to finish cut edges on fabrics that tend to ravel, such as linens and gabardines. Choice (C) is incorrect because a catch stitch is not a commonly used hand-sewing technique taught to middle or secondary school students. Choice (D) is incorrect because a rolled-hem stitch is not a hand stitch but is a stitch made by a serger.

Answer 112

(A) This question tests your knowledge of best practices for resume writing. Once students have completed their analysis of the resumes, the teacher will instruct students in best practices for resume writing. Choice (B) is incorrect because creating a template to establish margins and headers contains technical skills for an assignment for which the rationale or components have not been provided. Choice (C) is incorrect because ninth-grade students most likely do not know the components of a resume which is needed to generate for a person, famous or not. Choice (D) is incorrect because ninth-grade students most likely will not be engaged by a podcast from an adult who is in a career that the students may or may not be interested in pursuing.

Answer 113

(B) This question tests your knowledge of parenting styles. The authoritative parenting style is defined as democratic in nature with established rules and guidelines for children, but parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions and ideas and supply reasoning for the rules and guidelines. Choice (A) is incorrect because authoritarian parents believe that children are, by nature, strong-willed and self-indulgent and that a parent's primary job is to bend that will of the child to that of authority. Choice (C) is incorrect because permissive parents are sometimes referred to as indulgent parents with very few demands made on their children. Parents rarely discipline because of relatively low expectations for rules and guidelines for their children's behavior. Choice (D) is incorrect because the uninvolved parenting style is characterized by parents having few demands, low responsiveness, and a lack of communication. While the parents fulfill the child's basic needs, they are generally detached from his or her life.

Answer 114

(C) This question tests your knowledge of the ethical perspectives model. The central focus of the ethical perspectives model dictates that, when arriving at an ethical decision, the primary consideration should be the best interest of the individual or student, with an understanding of the family and community and their dynamic relationships to the student. The model encourages a focus on the individual, then family, then community. Choice (A) is incorrect because community is a tertiary consideration after the individual and then family. Choice (B) is incorrect because family is a secondary consideration after the individual. Choice (D) is incorrect because the ethical perspectives model contains an ethic of profession, but the central focus of the four ethical perspectives are the best interest of the individual.

Answer 115

(D) This question tests your knowledge of the foundation of family and consumer sciences. Beginning in 1889, Ellen Richards helped organize a series of ten annual conferences that became known as the Lake Placid Conferences. At the first conference, participants agreed on the term "home economics" to define a broad range of disciplines and scientific studies being discussed. Choice (A) is incorrect because Ellen Richards' Rumford Kitchen at the 1893 World's Fair was after the first Lake Placid Conference and was more related to her desire to provide "nutrition for the masses." Choice (B) is incorrect because the Morrill Act of 1862 propelled domestic science further ahead as land grant colleges sought to educate farmwives in running their households. Choice (C) is incorrect because the National Woman's Rights Convention of 1850 was held and led by Lucy Stone.

Answer 116

(B) This question tests your knowledge of child development. A child in the toddler age group. between the ages of 1 and 2, most likely to display a tantrum. A tantrum is an expression of frustration with the challenges of the moment, often from the child not having the vocabulary to express his or her feelings. Choice (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because although a child in these age groups, could display a temper tantrum, a child in the toddler age group is most likely to display a temper tantrum.

Answer 117

(B) This question tests your knowledge of educational research on early childhood curriculum and assessment guidelines. The guidelines call for greater emphasis on active, hands-on learning using meaningful and relevant learning experiences, interactive teaching, and cooperative learning. Choice (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect because national early childhood organizations unanimously agree that memorization, drill and practice, teacher lecture, and repetitive seatwork are-undesirable techniques to use with young children.

Answer 118

(B) This question tests your knowledge of federal consumer law regarding credit cards. Federal law states that the liability for each credit card lost or stolen is $50 for any fraudulent charges. Choice (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect because the credit cardholder is not fully liable for unauthorized use, regardless of the time frame or a fraud conviction.

Answer 119

(A) This question tests your knowledge of planning lessons to motivate and engage students. Students are most likely to have an interest in audio equipment, which makes it the most appropriate purchase for the decision-making lesson. Choice (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect because students are not likely to be interested in purchasing furniture, gardening equipment, or kitchen appliances.

Answer 120

(C) This question tests your knowledge of consumer loan products. A cash advance, also called a payday loan, is short-term loan, generally for $500 or less, that is typically due on the next scheduled payday. The finance charge in states that do not limit payday loan interest may be from $10 to $30 for every $100 borrowed, which equates to an APR of almost 400%. Many states are capping the cost of a payday loan through criminal usury laws to protect consumers. Choice (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because a payday loan, or a cash advance, typically carries a higher interest rate than traditional banking products, such as mortgages, student loans, and auto loans.

Answer 121

(A) This question tests your knowledge of student-centered instruction as an instructional approach in which students influence the content, activities, materials, and pace of learning. Choice (B) is incorrect because the students are listening to a lecture. Choice (C) is incorrect because there is no focus of activity to the learner. Choice (D) is incorrect because the students are not really engaged in any active learning in which they solve a problem or formulate questions on their own.

Answer 122

(C) This question tests your knowledge of laws and policies to protect the consumer. The Better Business Bureau is a nationwide system of local organizations, supported by businesses, that investigates customer complaints of dishonest business practices. Choice (A) is incorrect because the United States Chamber of Commerce works to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks that can result in a business-to-business exchange. Choice (B) is incorrect because the Small Business Administration is a United States government agency that provides counseling to small business in order to promote and strengthen the overall economy. Choice (D) is incorrect because the Bureau of Industry and Security advances United States national security, foreign policy, and economic objectives by ensuring an effective system of export control and treaty compliance and by promoting strategies for the United States to continue as a world leader in technology.

Answer 123

(D) This question tests your knowledge of the role of communication in interpersonal relationships. Communication is a healthy interpersonal relationship involves expressing feelings and needs in a reciprocal manner. Choice (A) is incorrect because placing typically does not lead to an authentically healthy relationship. Choice (B) is incorrect because healthy communication includes respect for the opinions and feelings of others. Choice (C) is incorrect because focusing on blame is an unhealthy pattern of communication.

Answer 124

(A) This question tests your knowledge of developmental milestones in human development. A reflex is a natural, unlearned behavior, and reflexes such as grasping and rooting disappear between 3 to 4 months when the muscles become stronger. Choice (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect because an infant's natural reflexes such as grasping and rooting disappear between 3 to 4 months of age, not during the ages ranges listed in choices (B), (C), and (D).

Answer 125

(C) This question tests your knowledge of the extrinsic factors that are related to the food environment; temperature and time are the prevailing causes of food spoilage. Choice (A) is incorrect. Moisture and salt contents are intrinsic rather than extrinsic factors that can contribute to microbial growth in food. Choice (B) is incorrect. Biological structures within food items are intrinsic factors that can make microbial growth in food more likely. Choice (D) is incorrect. Nutrient content and acidity are intrinsic factors, and nutrient content that is typically higher tends to be more susceptible microbial growth.

Answer 126

(D) This question tests your knowledge of how to design a practical problem-based assessment for students by calculating the total cost of a car loan and monthly payment. Choice (A) is incorrect because researching the reliability of a particular model of car is a task to do before purchasing the car. Choice (B) is incorrect because shopping for financing on a car loan is a step to take before calculating the total cost of the loan. Choice (C) is incorrect because comparing various vehicle financing costs across multiple sources is important step to take before purchasing a vehicle.

Praxis II - Practice Test Flashcards

(150 cards)