Praxis QS Ch.1 & Ch.8 Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
CN V
A
Trigeminal, B
2
Q
CN VII
A
Facial, B
3
Q
CN VIII
A
Vestibulocochlear, S
4
Q
CN IX
A
Glossopharyngeal, B
5
Q
CN X
A
Vagus, B
6
Q
CN XI
A
Spinal Accessory, M
7
Q
CN XII
A
Hypoglossal, M
8
Q
CN Acronym
A
B2 S B2 M2
9
Q
Cerebellum
A
- Coordinated movements, equilibrium, posture, speech production
- Problems –> Ataxia, dysarthria
10
Q
Basal Ganglia
A
- Transmits info to higher centers of the brain via thalamus
- Problems –> Dyskinesia (involuntary movements), dysarthria, unusual posture, changes in body tone
11
Q
Thalamus
A
- Consciousness, alertness, transmits sensory and motor information
- Part of diencephalon
12
Q
Hypothalamus
A
- Controls emotions, integrates actions of ANS
- Part of diencephalon
13
Q
RAS
A
- Attention, consciousness, sleep/wake cycles, role of execution in motor activity
14
Q
Brainstem
A
- Bridge between cerebellum and all CNS structures, connects spinal cord with brain via diencephalon
15
Q
Midbrain
A
- Controls postural reflexes, visual/eye reflexes and movements
- Contains substantia nigra
- Part of brainstem
16
Q
Pons
A
- Connects cerebellum and cerebrum, transmits motor info
- Part of brainstem
17
Q
Medulla
A
- Controls breathing, HR, BP, important for speech production, transmits motor info to CN nuclei
- Part of brainstem
18
Q
MCA
A
- Supplies entire lateral surface of cortex
- Problems –> Strokes, aphasia, reading and writing deficits, contralateral hemiplegia, impaired senses
19
Q
ACA
A
- Supplies middle portion of parietal and frontal lobes, corpus callosum, and basal ganglia
- Problems –> Cognitive deficits, paralysis of feet and legs
20
Q
Circle of Willis
A
- Provides a common blood supply to various cerebral branches
- Blocked above? Damage.
- Blocked below? No damage/minimal damage
21
Q
CNs for Speech
A
5, 7, 10, 11, 12
22
Q
CNs for Phonation
A
7, 10
23
Q
CNs for Respiration
A
7, 10, 11
24
Q
CNs for Swallowing
A
5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
25
Projection Fibers
Relays info to glands and muscles
26
Association Fibers
- Intrahemisphere communication
| - Arcuate fasciculus (connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas)
27
Commissural Fibers
- Interhemisphere communication
| - Corpus callosum
28
Pyramidal System
- Responsible for voluntary movements
| - Contains corticobulbar (*speech*) and corticospinal tracts
29
Extrapyramidal System
- Indirect activation of movement
| - Responsible for posture, tone, and regulating movement
30
SLN
S --> All of larynx
| M --> CT muscle
31
RLN
S --> Below VF
| M --> All except CT muscle
32
TOSS Acronym
Thyro Omo Sterno
33
Aphasias Acronym
GMBT WTCA
N Y
F
C
R
34
Nonfluent Aphasias
Global ANTERIOR LESION
MTA
Broca's
TMA
35
Fluent Aphasias
Wernicke's POSTERIOR LESION
TSA
Conduction
Anomic
36
Anterior Lesion
Nonfluent aphasia lesion type.
37
Posterior Lesion
Fluent aphasia lesion type.
38
Ataxic Dysarthria
Incoordination, drunken speech. Cerebellar. MS, TBI, cerebellar stroke.
Drunken speech, imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, harsh, excess & even stress, irregular articulatory breakdowns
39
Flaccid Dysarthria
Weakness. LMN. MG, ALS.
Hypernasality, breathy, nasal emission, diminished reflexes, short phrases, nasal emission, monoP, monoL, imprecise consonants.
40
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria
Involuntary. Basal ganglia. SD, essential tremor.
Variable rate, harsh, hypernasality, abnormal and involuntary movements, monoP, prolonged intervals, imprecise consonants, audible inspiration, excessive loudness, tremor, strained voice.
41
Hypokinetic Dysarthria
Rigidity, mask-like face. Basal ganglia. PD.
Reduced stress, monoP, monoL, inappropriate silences, imprecise consonants, harsh, breathy, irregular breathing, mask-like face.
42
Spastic Dysarthria
Spasticity. UMN (bilateral). PLS, brainstem stroke.
Reduced stress, monoP, monoL, harsh, imprecise consonants, pitch breaks, short phrases, hypernasality, weakness, breathy, reduced stress.
43
UUMN Dysarthria
UMN (unilateral). Stroke, neurosurgery.
Weakeness, harsh, decreased loudness, strained, hypernasality, slow rate, short phrases, imprecise consonants.
44
Flaccid-Spastic Dysarthra
LMN + UMN mixed.
Strain-strangled, harsh, hypernasality, monoP, low pitch, short phrases, prolonged intervals & phonemes, breathiness, audible inspiration, inappropriate silences, nasal emission.
45
Ataxic-Spastic Dysarthria
Cerebellar + UMN mixed.
Imprecise loudness control, harsh, imprecise consonants, hypernasality, inappropriate pitch, sudden articulatory breakdowns.
46
Global Aphasia
Impaired fluency
Impaired comprehension
Impaired repetition
*Most severe
47
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia
Impaired fluency
Impaired comprehension
Intact repetition
48
Broca's Aphasia
Impaired fluency
Intact comprehension
Impaired repetition
49
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
Impaired fluency
Intact comprehension
Intact repetition
50
Wernicke's Aphasia
Intact fluency
Impaired comprehension
Impaired repetition
51
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Intact fluency
Impaired comprehension
Intact repetition
*Word salad, many words and ideas but doesn't make sense
52
Conduction Aphasia
Intact fluency
Intact comprehension
Impaired repetition
*Phonemic paraphasias
53
Anomic Aphasia
Intact fluency
Intact comprehension
Intact repetition
*Impaired naming
