Pre-analytical Factors

Question 1

initial anoxic insult when blood supply is cut off

Answer 1

warm ischemia

Question 2

lack of oxygen once tissue sample is removed from the body

Answer 2

cold ischemia

Question 3

duration of fixation

Answer 3

6- 48 hrs

Question 4

size of tissue for fixation

Answer 4

3 mm

Question 5

describing specimen:

Answer 5

1. weight
2. dimension
3. color
4. consistency

Question 6

cutting specimens into 1.0 cm sections

Answer 6

breadloafing

Question 7

tumor description

Answer 7

site and size
location and structures involved
vascular invasion
distance from resection margins
presence of lymph nodes

Question 8

size of tissue cassette

Answer 8

3.0 x 2.5 x 0.4 cm

Question 9

specimen size must not be more than

Answer 9

0.3 cm

Question 10

most critical/important step in tissue processing

Answer 10

fixation

Question 11

decay of tissues by cellular enzymes

Answer 11

autolysis

Question 12

decay of tissue by bacterial attack

Answer 12

putrefaction

Question 13

type of fixative that chemically alter tissues by bonding with it

Answer 13

additive

Question 14

type of fixative that does not chemically combine with the tissues

Answer 14

non additive issues

Question 15

type of fixative that allow solution to readily penetrate tissue interior

Answer 15

coagulant

Question 16

create gel that block tissue penetration

Answer 16

non coagulant

Question 17

2 types of fixatives according to composition

Answer 17

simple fixative
compound fixative

Question 18

2 types of fixatives according to action

Answer 18

microanatomical
cytological

Question 19

8 microanatomical fixatives

Answer 19

10% formol saline
10% NBF
Heidenhain’s susa
Formol sublimate
Zenker
Zenker formol
Bouin
Brasil

Question 20

3 types of cytological fixatives

Answer 20

nulcear fixative
cytoplasmic fixative
histochemical fixatives

Question 21

5 types of nuclear fixatives

Answer 21

Bouin
Flemming
Newcomer
Carnoy
Heidenhain susa

Question 22

5 types of cytoplasmic fixatives

Answer 22

helly
orth
regaud
flemming without acetic acid
formalin with post chroming

Question 23

4 histochemical fixatives

Answer 23

10% formol saline
absolute ethyl alcohol
newcomer
acetone

Question 24

% formaldehyde in formalin

Answer 24

37 - 40%

Question 25

how to remove paraformaldehyde

Answer 25

10% methanol

Question 26

doubly refractile pigment from acidic formalin

Answer 26

black acid hematin

Question 27

three qays to remove acid hematin

Answer 27

Lillies method Kardasewitch method Alcoholic picric method

Question 28

Components of lillie's method

Answer 28

28% ammonia water 70% alcohol acetone hydrogen peroxide

Question 29

components of Kardasewitch method

Answer 29

28% ammonia water 70% ethanol (alkaline ethanol)

Question 30

formalin fixative used for postmortem and CNS

Answer 30

10% formol saline

Question 31

formalin fixative for phospholipids

Answer 31

calcium (Lillies) acetate formalin

Question 32

formalin fixative that is best for frozen, surgical, and post mortem purpose and preventing precipitation of acid hematin

Answer 32

10% NBF

Question 33

formalin fixative used for routin post mortem examination

Answer 33

formol sublimate

Question 34

formalin fixative used for coagulating mucus in sputum (fixative and dehydrant)

Answer 34

gendre's fixative alcoholic formalin

Question 35

components of gendre fixative

Answer 35

ethyl alcohol picric acid

Question 36

formalin fixative used for astrocytes and acid mucopolysaccharides

Answer 36

cajole's formol ammonium bromide

Question 37

formalin fixative for lipid preservation

Answer 37

Baker's formol calcium

Question 38

more effective aldehyde fixative for crosslinking and electron microscopy

Answer 38

glutaraldehyde

Question 39

3 types of metallic fixatives

Answer 39

mercuric chloride chromate lead fixatives

Question 40

best fixative for tissue photography

Answer 40

mercuric chloride

Question 41

5 examples of mercuric chloride

Answer 41

zenker helly heidenhain susa schaudinn B5

Question 42

component of zenker

Answer 42

meruric chloride glacial acetic acid

Question 43

used for liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

Answer 43

zenker

Question 44

component for helly

Answer 44

mercuric chloride + 40% formaldehyde

Question 45

used for blood containing organs (pituitary gland, bone marrow, liver, spleen)

Answer 45

helly

Question 46

used for skin tumor biopsy with minimum shrinkage

Answer 46

heidenhain susa

Question 47

component of heidenhain susa

Answer 47

mercuric chloride trichloroacetic acid

Question 48

used for wet smears

Answer 48

Schaudinn

Question 49

components of schaudinn

Answer 49

mercuric chloride sodium chloride alcohol glacial acetic acid

Question 50

used for bone marrow biopsies

Answer 50

B-5

Question 51

components of B-5

Answer 51

mercuric chloride sodium acetate 4% formaldehyde

Question 52

4 chromate based fixatives

Answer 52

chromic acid regauds orths 3% potassium chloride

Question 53

fixative for carbohydrates

Answer 53

chromic acid

Question 54

fixative for chromatin, golgi bodies, mitochondria, mitosis, and RBCs

Answer 54

Regaud's moeller fluid

Question 55

fixative used for early degenerative processes, tissue necrosis and rickettsia

Answer 55

orths

Question 56

chromate based fixative used for lipids and mitochondria

Answer 56

3% potassium chromate

Question 57

fixative used for acid mucopolysaccharides and connective tissues

Answer 57

lead fixatives