Pre-Cleaning

Question 1

The degree of required cleaning is closely related to the type of ___ chosen.

Answer 1

Coatings.

Question 2

In general, a better standard of cleaning provides better long term protection for any coating system. True or False.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Inspectors should always check surface for ___ before surface prep begins.

Answer 3

Contamination

Question 4

___ ___ is a method to remove all visible oil, grease, soil, drawing and cutting compounds, and other soluble contaminant from steel surfaces.

Answer 4

Solvent Cleaning

Question 5

Solvent cleaning is fur use prior to coating application and in conjunction with the ___ ___ methods specified to remove rust, mill scale, or old coatings.

Answer 5

Surface Prep

Question 6

SSPC-SP 1 is

Answer 6

Solvent Cleaning

Question 7

SSPC_SP 1 is the only commonly used standard that formally governs ___ ___.

Answer 7

Solvent Cleanings.

Question 8

Inspectors must understand that SSPC-SP 1 governs contaminates that must be ____.

Answer 8

Visible.

Question 9

Oil present in small quantities on blast cleaned surfaces may be detected by:

1. Pour solvent across the surface. The solvent should form a ___ flow and not break into ___.
2. Use an ___ light to illuminate the surface to reveal traces of certain hydrocarbon oils, grease, fingerprints, etc.
3. UV Light may also reveal other materials on the surface, which may or may not be ___ to the coating.

Answer 9

1. Continuous flow and not break into droplets.
2. UV light
3. Detrimental

Question 10

Use only approved __ __. Looking directly into these may cause severe eye damage.

Answer 10

Approved

Question 11

SSPC - SP 1 defines a variety of pre-cleaning methods. Including:

1. Solvent ___ with a cloth or rag.
2. ___ of the substrate in solvent.
3. Solvent ___.
4. ___ degreasing.
5. ___ cleaning.
6. ___ cleaning.
7. Chemical ___ ___.
8. ___ cleaners.

Answer 11

1. Wipe
2. Immersion.
3. Spray
4. Vapor
5. Steam
6. Emulsion
7. Paint Stripping
8. Alkaline.

Question 12

Organic solvent (Kerosene, turpentine, naptha, mineral spirits, toluol, xylol, etc) clean the metal by ___ and ___ the oil and grease contamination on the surface.

Answer 12

Dissolving and Diluting

Question 13

Some organic solvent s may be considered a.

Answer 13

Health Risk.

Question 14

Toluol is subject to health and safety restrictions in ___ ___.

Answer 14

Many Countries.

Question 15

Inorganic materials, such as chlorides, sulfates, weld flux, and mill scale are?

Answer 15

Not removed by organic solvents.

Question 16

Use SSPC - SP 1 for the ___ ___/___ to remove the slight film of oil or grease that may be left on the surface. This film may interfere with adhesion.

Answer 16

Last wash/rinse.

Question 17

Some solvents may dissolve some ___ ___ so they can be removed from the surface.

Answer 17

Paint films.

Question 18

Nonconvertible coatings are most likely to be softened or removed by ___ ___.

Answer 18

Solvent Washing

Question 19

1___ ___ mineral spirits may be used, if they have a minimum flash point of 2___, as a general purpose solvent under normal conditions.

Answer 19

1. Petroleum Based

2. 100 F

Question 20

In hot weather, a general solvent should be 1___-___-___ mineral spirits with a minimum flash point of 2___.

Answer 20

1. High Flash Point

2. 120F

Question 21

Monitor work space for ___ because solvents are potentially hazardous and may be inhaled during solvent cleaning.

Answer 21

Fumes

Question 22

Concentrations of solvents in the air should be below ___ ___ ___ as defined by federal, state and local regulations.

Answer 22

Threshold Limit Values.

Question 23

In general, cost considerations and regulations restricting the use of ___ ___ are so stringent they discourage the use of these materials except in highly controlled special situations.

Answer 23

Organic Solvents.

Question 24

Alkaline cleaners 1___ most oils and greases and their 2___ ___ components wash away other contaminants.

Answer 24

1. Saponify

2. Surface Active

Question 25

Alkaline cleaners may saponify certain?

Answer 25

Coatings and coating vehicles.

Question 26

With alkaline cleaners a soapy film may be left on the surface after cleaning. Remove this film with ___-___ ___-___ rinse as residues that remain on the surface tend to compromise adhesion of the coating.

Answer 26

High-pressure hot-water rinse.

Question 27

After use of Alkaline Cleaners, and subsequent wash, administer a __ ___ to determine the effectiveness of the wash.

Answer 27

pH test.

Question 28

After the use of alkaline cleaners, and subsequent wash, the pH of the washed surface should not exceed the of the ___ ___ as determined by pH testing.

Answer 28

Wash Water

Question 29

In some cases, the owner may elect to use an ___ ___ to neutralize traces of alkali on a surface after use of alkaline cleaners and subsequent wash.

Answer 29

Acid Wash

Question 30

Follow safety precautions for use of ___ ___ and ___ ___ found in acid washes. Both can cause burns and/or dermatitis.

Answer 30

Alkaline cleaners and Chromic acid.

Question 31

Acidid cleaners are usually comprised of fairly strong acids, such as ____ ___ with small quantities of surficants, water-misicle solvents and organic wetting and emulsifying agents.

Answer 31

Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)

Question 32

Acidic Cleaners remove soil by ___ ___ and by dissolving the reaction products. They may be used to remove corrosion products and for other special purposes.

Answer 32

Chemical Attack

Question 33

Disposal of alkaline or acidic cleaners is often a problem, so ensure the waste or unused materials are ___ ___ and ___ __.

Answer 33

Properly Collected and Disposed of.

Question 34

Workers are allowed to wash contaminants onto the ground, into the normal drainage system, into adjacent watercourses, or allow the contaminants to run off into the general water system. True or False?

Answer 34

False

Question 35

___ are increasingly monitored via strict regulations concerning the use of organic solvents.

Answer 35

Detergents

Question 36

The safety considerations of using alkaline or acidic cleaners have let to an increased use in 1___ especially the 2___ types, to remove oil, grease, and other similar contaminants from the surface.

Answer 36

1. Detergents | 2. Biodegradable

Question 37

Generally, biodegradable detergents are comprised of ___ ___, ____, ___ and ___.

Answer 37

Buffering salts, dispersants, soaps and inhibitors.

Question 38

Biodegradable detergents function by ___, ___, ___ and ___ the contaminants, which can be washed away with water or steam.

Answer 38

Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, and solubilizing the contaminants.

Question 39

Biodegradable detergents are frequently used at temperatures of ___ to ___ Fahrenheit.

Answer 39

150 to 212 F

Question 40

___ ___ are typically proprietary products to be used only in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Answer 40

Emulsion Cleaners

Question 41

Generally, ___ ___ leave a thin film of oil on the surface which must then be washed away with hot water, steam, solvents, detergents or some type of alkaline cleaning agent.

Answer 41

Emulsion Cleaners

Question 42

1___ ___ is a common, if not powerful, solvent. However, it is important to test the water for 2___ and ___ before being used for surface prep.

Answer 42

1. Fresh Water. | 2. pH and conductivity.

Question 43

It is important to ___ ___ surfaces, particularly when alkaline or acidic materials are used.

Answer 43

Thoroughly rinse

Question 44

In marine and industrial environments where the air contains particles of ___ ___, it is well known that they may deposit on the work piece.

Answer 44

Chemical Salts

Question 45

If chemical salts are deposited on the surface, after blast cleaning but before coating, it may be necessary to ___ and ___ the surface.

Answer 45

Wash and reblast

Question 46

Determine the presence of certain chemical salts deposits, such as ___ ___ or ___ ___ by means of test papers or chemical test kits.

Answer 46

Ferrous Sulfate or Ferrous Hydroxides.

Question 47

Steel that has developed corrosion in the presence of certain contamination (Sulfates/chlorides) may be difficult to ___ ___.

Answer 47

Clean adequately.

Question 48

Even though a surface may appear to be properly blast cleaned and free of corrosion products, it may contain enough ___ ___ to create a surface unsuitable for coating.

Answer 48

non-visible contamination.

Question 49

In extreme cases, contaminated surfaces will, after blasting, absorb moisture from the air, turn a 1___ ___, and ___ ___. This can sometimes be seen within minutes of completing blast cleaning, particularly when ___ is relatively high. This is a clear indication the surface is 3___.

Answer 49

1. Turn a dark color and rapidly deteriorate. 2. Humidity 3. Contaminated.

Question 50

To remedy the problem of soluble salts on the surface: The surface should be 1___ ___ ___. Further blasting may be effective in some cases but it may be better to wash using 2___ ___ was equipment. 3___ ___ may also be effective to remove heavy contamination. In these cases follow surface prep with tests for soluble iron (Ferrous) salts and/or chlorides.

Answer 50

1. Cleaned more thoroughly. 2. High Pressure 3. Water Jetting.

Question 51

There are some things inspectors should be constantly aware of during pre-cleaning. The following are some items to consider: 1. ___ check the substrate to determine if contaminants are present. 2. If contaminants are visible, follow ___ ___. 3. After solvent cleaning, if required, ensure that no ___ ___ remains on the substrate.

Answer 51

1. Visually. 2. Removal Procedures. 3. Cleaning substance