Pre-Course Patho Flashcards
(38 cards)
The outermost layer of the cell
Plasma Membrane
What are the functions of the Plasma Membrane? (4)
- Separates internal components of the cell with external components
- Regulates passage of materials (nutrients, wastes)
- Maintains ion concentrations inside and outside the cell
- Functions with cell-to-cell communication
This is the main component of the plasma membrane and has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic body.
Phospholipid
Responsible for the transport of a variety of substances between the environment and the cellular cytoplasm
Integral Proteins
What is the difference between Channel Proteins and Carrier proteins?
Channel Proteins - } Cylinder-type structures within the membrane that provide a small water-filled conduit which water-soluble molecules can travel.
The opening port of channel proteins is tightly regulated and highly selective.
General allow passage of ions such as:
Hydrogen
Potassium
Sodium
Carrier Proteins:
Have binding sites for specific solutes and when bound, undergo reversible conformation changes to transfer the solutes across plasma membrane
Occurs by either passive diffusion or active transport.
Inactive transport processes, ATP is required to fuel the transfer of substances across the membrane (Sodium/Potassium ATPase is an example of carrier protein).
______ may be neurotransmitters or hormones which bind to receptor sites to initiate intracellular signalling events
Ligands
Thread-like strands of genetic material A. Chromosomes B. Chromatin C. Autosomes D. Genes
B. Chromatin
When chromatin condenses and forms rod-shaped structures called…
Chromosomes
What is a Haploid Cell?
A cell which contains only half the chromosome (23).
Example: Sperm Cell and Egg cell
Each gene occupies a specific location on a chromosome referred to as a gene ____.
Locus
What is the difference between Heterozygous and Homozygous?
Heterozygous - if two sets of Genes (alleles) are different.
Homozygous - if two genes inherited from the mother and father are identical.
What is Mitosis?
4 stage process during which the chromosomes replicate and the nucleus and cytoplasm divide. Resulting in two identical daughter cells.
The skin is composed of what three distinct layers?
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
Thickest skin layer and contains: Blood and lymph vessels Nerve fibers Bases of hair follicles Sweat glands
Subcutaneous layer
Thin outer layer and is composed of squamous epithelial cells.
Dose not contain blood vessels
Houses cells that:
Participate in Immune response (Langerhans cells)
Produce melanin (Melanocytes)
Specialized nerve receptors that detect touch (Merkel Cells)
Epidermis layer
Thick connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis and is composed of networks of fibrous collagen and elastin These fibers are what give skin it's strength and flexibility Within the dermis are: Blood vessels and lymph vessels, Sweat glands Sebaceous glands Hair follicles Nerve fibers
Dermis Layer
These are the 5 functions of the integumentary system…
- Defending the internal environment against pathogens and harmful stimuli
- Regulation of Body temperature
- Regulation of waste excretion (sweat)
- Production of Vitamin D
- Detection of sensory information
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Composed primarily of smooth muscle cells and the muscular nature of these vessels regulates blood flow into capillaries.
Arterioles
Bridges between arterial and venous systems
Capillaries
Vessels which carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.
Veins
Representing the highest pressure in the aorta during ejection of blood from the left ventricle
Systolic Pressure
Representing the pressure in the aorta when the ventricle is relaxed and filling with blood.
Diastolic Pressure
What is Mean Arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP is the average pressure in the arteries of systemic circulation during the cardiac cycle. Usually measuring around 90mmHg
