Pre-Finals Terminator

Question 1

Kingdoms made up of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Protista

Question 2

Kingdoms made up of prokaryotic cells.

Answer 2

Monera

Question 3

Prokaryotes comes from what greek words?

Answer 3

Pro, which means “before”

Karyon, which means “nut or kernel”

Question 4

Prokaryotic cells that don’t have true nucleus, however they have what?

Answer 4

Nucleoid

Question 5

Size of prokaryotic cells.

Answer 5

1-5 micrometers

Question 6

Small, double strands of separate DNA that may also play a role in antibiotic resistance in some prokaryotic cells.

Answer 6

Plasmids

Question 7

Cell division that happens through a type of asexual reproduction that produces two identical cells.

Answer 7

Binary Fission

Question 8

What is not observed in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 8

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Question 9

Eukaryotes comes from what greek words?

Answer 9

Eu, which means “true”

Karyon, which means “nut or kernel”

Question 10

Which cell organelle is the nucleus of eukaryotic cells bound to?

Answer 10

Cell membrane

Question 11

Size of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 11

10-100 micrometers

Question 12

Protiens that package and order DNA into structural units.

Answer 12

Histones

Question 13

Cell division in eukaryotic cells is either through what?

Answer 13

Mitosis

Meiosis

Question 14

What is observed in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Question 15

What do cells of plants use to perform photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll

Question 16

Where is the chlorophyll found?

Answer 16

Choloroplast

Question 17

A class of accessory pigments responsible for the yellow, orange, and red pigment of plants.

Answer 17

Carotenoid

Question 18

Where can the carotenoid be found?

Answer 18

Chromoplast

Question 19

Plastids in the cells of plants

Answer 19

Chloroplast

Chromoplast

Question 20

Elements that make up biomolecules.

Answer 20

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

Question 21

Biomolecules that are believed to be the most abundant of all organic compounds.

Answer 21

Carbohydrates

Question 22

What does the term carbohydrate mean?

Answer 22

“Hydrated carbon”

Question 23

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 23

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 24

Being monomers, or single structural units, they are called simple sugars.

Answer 24

Monosaccharides

Question 25

Two classifications of monosaccharides.

Answer 25

Aldoses | Ketoses

Question 26

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 26

Fructose | Glucose

Question 27

They are composed of two monosaccharides joined together through a process called condensation reaction.

Answer 27

Disaccharides

Question 28

Examples of disaccharides.

Answer 28

Sucrose (table sugar) Lactose (milk sugar) Maltose (malt or beer sugar)

Question 29

They are not sweet and are composed of at least three monosaccharides.

Answer 29

Polysaccharides

Question 30

Two types of polysaccharides.

Answer 30

Linear polysaccharide | Branched polysaccharide

Question 31

Example of polysaccharides.

Answer 31

``` Starch Glycogen Pectin Cellulose Chitin ```

Question 32

Biomolecules that contain chains of hydrocarbons.

Answer 32

Lipids

Question 33

Types of lipids.

Answer 33

Trigylcerides Phospholipids Steriods Waxes

Question 34

Generally known as fat, they contain a glycerol attached to three fatty acids.

Answer 34

Triglycerides

Question 35

Two types of fatty acid.

Answer 35

``` Saturated fat (solid and are found in animals) Unsaturated fat (mostly known as oils and are liquid) ```

Question 36

Examples of saturated fats.

Answer 36

Butter Lard Cream Cheese

Question 37

Examples of unsaturated fats.

Answer 37

Olive oil Coconut oil Corn oil

Question 38

Lipids that have a phosphate group.

Answer 38

Phospholipids

Question 39

Two sides of the glycerol backbone of phospholipids.

Answer 39

Hydrophobic or nonpolar "tails" | Hydrophilic or polar "heads"

Question 40

Lipids that have four fused carbon rings.

Answer 40

Steroids

Question 41

Examples of steroids.

Answer 41

``` Cholesterol Testosterone Progesterone Estrogen Adrenocorticoid hormones Aldosterone Cortisol Cortisone Adrenaline Seratonin Dopamine ```

Question 42

Lipids that esters (carboxylic acid derivatives), which are combined from certain alcohols and fatty acids.

Answer 42

Waxes

Question 43

Example of waxes

Answer 43

Cerumen (earwax)

Question 44

Lipids athat recognized as the most diverse among the biomolecules and are called life's "building blocks".

Answer 44

Proteins

Question 45

What chains are proteins composed of?

Answer 45

Amino acids

Question 46

Examples of proteins.

Answer 46

``` (PVTTIMSHALL) Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine Leucine Lysine ```

Question 47

A type of chemical bond that forms when a carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino acid group form the other molecule, releasing water in the process.

Answer 47

Peptide bond

Question 48

Shapes of protiens

Answer 48

``` Primary structure (linear) Secondary structure (alpha helix/beta pleated sheet) Tertiary structure (fibrous/globular) Quarternary structure (unique pattern) ```

Question 49

Different shapes of cells in Kingdom Animalia.

Answer 49

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

Question 50

Different groups based on the locomotory structure of cells in Kingdom Protista.

Answer 50

Sarcidona with pseudopodium Ciliophora Sarcomastigaphora Sporozoa