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History > Pre-IB > Flashcards

Pre-IB Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-history

A

Time before recorded history

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2
Q

Neanderthal people

A

Advanced species of humans that lived 40,000 years ago

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3
Q

Ice age

A

Alternation between very cold and very hot periods

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4
Q

Effects of ice age (3)

A

Migration to warmer areas, animals and plants disappeared completely, surface of the earth changed

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5
Q

When was the first species of humans?

A

7 million years ago (sahelantrophus tchadensis)

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6
Q

What led humans away from hunter-gathering? (3)

A

After ice age arable land increased while population growth caused extinction of large game

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7
Q

What was the neolithic revolution about?

A

Change from hunter-gathering to fixed settlements, leading to surplus of food, governments, hierarchy, literacy and trade

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8
Q

How did the neolithic revolution change the lives of people?

A

Living in cities, hierarchial society, women at home, specialised professions, excess food, population growth, diseases

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9
Q

First civilisations

A

Nile River valley (Egypt), Mesopotamia, Indus valley, Huang He valley

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10
Q

When did farming begin?

A

10,000-9,000 years ago in Syrian mountains (rye, grass, lentil)

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11
Q

Hierarchy of first civilisations

A
  1. Priests 2. Officials 3. Middle class 4. Farmers 5. Slaves
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12
Q

Why did ancient civilisations collapse? (4)

A
  1. Change in climate 2. Famine 3. War 4. Overpopulation
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13
Q

When did the Roman Empire exist?

A

509 BCE - 395 CE

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14
Q

How did the Roman Empire expand? (8)

A
  1. Invincible army 2. Excellent leaders 3. Advanced economy 4. Just conquerors 5. No strong opponents 6. Efficient control of areas 7. Developed infrastructure 8. United and strong state (peace)
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15
Q

What was the Roman economy like? (4)

A

Conquered areas supplied Rome, Meditarranean sea in the middle helped trade, single currency, no customs

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16
Q

Roman inventions

A

Roads, sanitation and sewage, baths, concrete, fast food etc.

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17
Q

Why did the Roman empire fall? (5)

A
  1. Too large to defend and maintain 2. Economy collapsed after expansion ended 3. Imbalance between poor West and rich East 4. Plague, West conquered by Germanic tribes 5. Decline in population (no army)
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18
Q

When were the Middle Ages?

A

400-1500

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19
Q

What happened after the Roman Empire collapsed? (4)

A

Constant warfare and invasions, cities abandoned, population decreased, feudalism develops

20
Q

Feudalism

A

Economical and political system based on the division of land in exchange for payment. Between lords who offer land and protection and vassals who offer services

21
Q

Hierarchy in Feudalism

A
  1. King 2. Powerful Nobles 3. Lesser Nobles 4. Serfs and freemen
22
Q

Reasons for crusades

A

Securing holy sites, stopping muslim expansion, a mean of redemption

23
Q

When did the crusades start?

A

1096 Jerusalem

24
Q

How many crusades were there?

A

8 or 9

25
Q

Consequences of Crusades? (6)

A
  1. Power for Catholic Church 2. Trade 3. Knowledge to Europe 4. Banking system led to cities 5. Feudalism declined 6. Mistrust
26
Q

Church in early Middle Ages

A

Only remaining institution, unifying glue, attempted to control people, cathedrals were centres of cities

27
Q

Medieval town features

A

Narrow streets and a surrounding wall, smelly, dirty, lots of crime

28
Q

Biggest towns in Medieval times

A

London, Florence, Paris, Prague, Granada

29
Q

When was the Black Death?

A

1347-1350

30
Q

Consequences of the Black Death (6)

A
  1. 1/3 population died 2. Wars and trade halted 3. Labourers died, better rights and pay for alive ones 4. Labour rebellions 5. Church loses some power 6. Anti-semitism
31
Q

When did prosperity and growth halt in medieval Europe and why?

A

1300, reduced population due to famines and plagues, political and social unrest

32
Q

When were the late middle ages and what happened?

A

1300-1500, Italian Reneissance began, printing invented, humanism, age of discovery began

33
Q

Reasons for explorations?

A

God, Glory, Gold

34
Q

Enablers of explorations?

A

Technological advancements, rulers who desire wealth

35
Q

Mercantilism

A

There’s a limited amount of wealth in the world, minimal import and maximal export, colonies and markets needed

36
Q

The Colombian Exchange

A

Plants, animals and diseases between America and Europe which began with Columbus

37
Q

The Atlantic Triangle trade

A
  1. To Europe: raw materials 2. To Africa: manifactured goods 3. To America: slaves
38
Q

Triange trade consequences on non-European areas

A
  1. Colonialism, 2. Native peoples and cultures destroyed, 3. Slavery, 4. Environmental changes (deforestation, erosion)
39
Q

Triangular trade consequences on Europe

A
  1. Colonialism, 2. Trade moved to Atlantic, 3. Gold (inflation, rich courts), 4. Importance of merchants, 5. New goods, 6. More power to kings, no need for feudalism
40
Q

When was the industrial revolution and where?

A

In 18th and 19th century England

41
Q

Why did population grow quickly in 18th century?

A

Decrease in number of deaths, vaccinations, improved agriculture led to varied diet, global warming

42
Q

What is needed for industrialisation? (9)

A

Technology, knowledge, money, raw materials, energy, labour, markets, good laws, transportation

43
Q

Why was England the birthplace of industrialisation?

A

Long traditions in clothmaking, raw materials, big population, markets (colonies and cities), strong navy, government policy encouraged working, inventions

44
Q

Effects of the industrial revolution (9)

A

Urbanisation, railroads, bad conditions in cities, new class system, unsupervised children, no laws or social security, child labour, whole family worked, dangerous machinery

45
Q

Pushing reasons for immigration (5)

A

Population growth, cheap imported grain from colonies, unemployment, potato blight in Ireland, anti-semitism

46
Q

Pulling reasons for immigration (3)

A

Dream of getting rich, work and good wages, promised free land for farming

47
Q

Other reasons for immigration

A

Improved communications, development of media and press, adventure

History (1 decks)

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