Pre-IB

Question 1

Pre-history

Answer 1

Time before recorded history

Question 2

Neanderthal people

Answer 2

Advanced species of humans that lived 40,000 years ago

Question 3

Ice age

Answer 3

Alternation between very cold and very hot periods

Question 4

Effects of ice age (3)

Answer 4

Migration to warmer areas, animals and plants disappeared completely, surface of the earth changed

Question 5

When was the first species of humans?

Answer 5

7 million years ago (sahelantrophus tchadensis)

Question 6

What led humans away from hunter-gathering? (3)

Answer 6

After ice age arable land increased while population growth caused extinction of large game

Question 7

What was the neolithic revolution about?

Answer 7

Change from hunter-gathering to fixed settlements, leading to surplus of food, governments, hierarchy, literacy and trade

Question 8

How did the neolithic revolution change the lives of people?

Answer 8

Living in cities, hierarchial society, women at home, specialised professions, excess food, population growth, diseases

Question 9

First civilisations

Answer 9

Nile River valley (Egypt), Mesopotamia, Indus valley, Huang He valley

Question 10

When did farming begin?

Answer 10

10,000-9,000 years ago in Syrian mountains (rye, grass, lentil)

Question 11

Hierarchy of first civilisations

Answer 11

1. Priests 2. Officials 3. Middle class 4. Farmers 5. Slaves

Question 12

Why did ancient civilisations collapse? (4)

Answer 12

1. Change in climate 2. Famine 3. War 4. Overpopulation

Question 13

When did the Roman Empire exist?

Answer 13

509 BCE - 395 CE

Question 14

How did the Roman Empire expand? (8)

Answer 14

1. Invincible army 2. Excellent leaders 3. Advanced economy 4. Just conquerors 5. No strong opponents 6. Efficient control of areas 7. Developed infrastructure 8. United and strong state (peace)

Question 15

What was the Roman economy like? (4)

Answer 15

Conquered areas supplied Rome, Meditarranean sea in the middle helped trade, single currency, no customs

Question 16

Roman inventions

Answer 16

Roads, sanitation and sewage, baths, concrete, fast food etc.

Question 17

Why did the Roman empire fall? (5)

Answer 17

1. Too large to defend and maintain 2. Economy collapsed after expansion ended 3. Imbalance between poor West and rich East 4. Plague, West conquered by Germanic tribes 5. Decline in population (no army)

Question 18

When were the Middle Ages?

Answer 18

400-1500

Question 19

What happened after the Roman Empire collapsed? (4)

Answer 19

Constant warfare and invasions, cities abandoned, population decreased, feudalism develops

Question 20

Feudalism

Answer 20

Economical and political system based on the division of land in exchange for payment. Between lords who offer land and protection and vassals who offer services

Question 21

Hierarchy in Feudalism

Answer 21

1. King 2. Powerful Nobles 3. Lesser Nobles 4. Serfs and freemen

Question 22

Reasons for crusades

Answer 22

Securing holy sites, stopping muslim expansion, a mean of redemption

Question 23

When did the crusades start?

Answer 23

1096 Jerusalem

Question 24

How many crusades were there?

Answer 24

8 or 9

Question 25

Consequences of Crusades? (6)

Answer 25

1. Power for Catholic Church 2. Trade 3. Knowledge to Europe 4. Banking system led to cities 5. Feudalism declined 6. Mistrust

Question 26

Church in early Middle Ages

Answer 26

Only remaining institution, unifying glue, attempted to control people, cathedrals were centres of cities

Question 27

Medieval town features

Answer 27

Narrow streets and a surrounding wall, smelly, dirty, lots of crime

Question 28

Biggest towns in Medieval times

Answer 28

London, Florence, Paris, Prague, Granada

Question 29

When was the Black Death?

Answer 29

1347-1350

Question 30

Consequences of the Black Death (6)

Answer 30

1. 1/3 population died 2. Wars and trade halted 3. Labourers died, better rights and pay for alive ones 4. Labour rebellions 5. Church loses some power 6. Anti-semitism

Question 31

When did prosperity and growth halt in medieval Europe and why?

Answer 31

1300, reduced population due to famines and plagues, political and social unrest

Question 32

When were the late middle ages and what happened?

Answer 32

1300-1500, Italian Reneissance began, printing invented, humanism, age of discovery began

Question 33

Reasons for explorations?

Answer 33

God, Glory, Gold

Question 34

Enablers of explorations?

Answer 34

Technological advancements, rulers who desire wealth

Question 35

Mercantilism

Answer 35

There’s a limited amount of wealth in the world, minimal import and maximal export, colonies and markets needed

Question 36

The Colombian Exchange

Answer 36

Plants, animals and diseases between America and Europe which began with Columbus

Question 37

The Atlantic Triangle trade

Answer 37

1. To Europe: raw materials 2. To Africa: manifactured goods 3. To America: slaves

Question 38

Triange trade consequences on non-European areas

Answer 38

1. Colonialism, 2. Native peoples and cultures destroyed, 3. Slavery, 4. Environmental changes (deforestation, erosion)

Question 39

Triangular trade consequences on Europe

Answer 39

1. Colonialism, 2. Trade moved to Atlantic, 3. Gold (inflation, rich courts), 4. Importance of merchants, 5. New goods, 6. More power to kings, no need for feudalism

Question 40

When was the industrial revolution and where?

Answer 40

In 18th and 19th century England

Question 41

Why did population grow quickly in 18th century?

Answer 41

Decrease in number of deaths, vaccinations, improved agriculture led to varied diet, global warming

Question 42

What is needed for industrialisation? (9)

Answer 42

Technology, knowledge, money, raw materials, energy, labour, markets, good laws, transportation

Question 43

Why was England the birthplace of industrialisation?

Answer 43

Long traditions in clothmaking, raw materials, big population, markets (colonies and cities), strong navy, government policy encouraged working, inventions

Question 44

Effects of the industrial revolution (9)

Answer 44

Urbanisation, railroads, bad conditions in cities, new class system, unsupervised children, no laws or social security, child labour, whole family worked, dangerous machinery

Question 45

Pushing reasons for immigration (5)

Answer 45

Population growth, cheap imported grain from colonies, unemployment, potato blight in Ireland, anti-semitism

Question 46

Pulling reasons for immigration (3)

Answer 46

Dream of getting rich, work and good wages, promised free land for farming

Question 47

Other reasons for immigration

Answer 47

Improved communications, development of media and press, adventure