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Question

how are prisons ineffective

Answer 1

One argument why prisons are ineffective is because of the high reoffending rate. This means that a lot of time and money is wasted in sentencing criminals as once released from prison many will continue to commit crime. For example, in 2019, of those offenders is Scotland given jail terms, 42.3% were reconvicted Another argument that prison may not be effective is because they are expensive. This is the argument that it costs a lot of money to imprison someone. the costs of running prisons and paying guests is not cheap. For examples. it costs roughly over £40,000 per year for each prisoner

Answer 2

One alternative punishment is Scotland is a fine or compensation. This means offenders are ordered to pay the court a fine or the victim compensation.For example, Raymond Higgins, from Aberdeen, was fined £400 and banned from having a dog after using it to hunt and kill rabbits Another alternative punishment in Scotland is ASBO (Anti social behaviour order). This bans the behaviour from causing disruption. It can be issued for fines such as graffiti, playing loud music, littering. For example, Michael O’Rouke had had an order against him since 2014 for playing Dolly Parton too loudly in Peterhead. He has since been jailed for breaking it

Answer 3

One reason non-custodial sentences are effective is that they help reduce overcrowding within prisons. This makes non-custodial sentences effective because they can help avoid offenders being forced into living in poor prison conditions and help reduce overcrowding. For example, in Scottish prisons in 2020, for every 100 spaces in Scottish prisons there are 104 prisoners Another reason non custodial sentences are effective is because they are a cheap alternative. As a result of not having to house prisoners with a non-custodial sentence UK tax payers don’t need to pay for their care such as food, shelter and the cost of having prison guards. For example, it costs £40,000 a year for every prisoner in comparison to around £6000 a year to monitor someone with an electronic tag

Answer 4

One reason why non custodial sentences are less effective is because they fail to rehabilitate offenders. This means that non custodial sentences don’t offer the same array of rehabilitation programs. Prisons offer counselling, provide an education, gaining skills through work and providing a structure to their daily life. For example, Polmont in Falkirk is a young offenders prison that gives young men the skills they need to find employment and avoid going back to the life that got them into trouble in the first place Another reasons they are ineffective is because they are seen as an ‘easy punishment’. This means that many view non custodial sentences as being too lenient and that depriving someone of their freedom is a much better form of punishment as it can act as a deterrent. For example, Michael O’Rouke has had an ABSO against him since 2014 for playing Dolly Parton music to loudly in Peterhead. He has since been jailed for breaking it which suggests that he was not deterred by the ABSO

Answer 5

One political factor which caused the Syrian conflict was the Arab Spring.The Arab spring was a series of anti- government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. For example, Tunisian and Egyptian civilians were able to forcibly remove their repressive presidents and this inspired Syrians. Another political factor which caused the Syrian conflict was political repression. This means President Bashar al-Assad used his position to restrict and prevent Syrians from taking part in the political life of the country and thereby reducing their freedoms and rights. For example, on March 2011, the government responded angrily and the army opened fire on protesters, killing hundreds of civilians

Answer 6

one social factor which. cause the Syrian conflict was drought. Between 2006-2011 Syria experienced one of the hottest and driest periods on record. 75% of Syrian’s farms failed, and 86% of the live stock died. This forced farmers to move to cities which couldn’t cope with the increased numbers. For example, 1.5 million impoverished gamer families were forced to move into rapidly expanding urban slums in Damascus. Another social factor which caused the Syrian conflict was religious differences. Syria is a majority Sunni Muslim country, but the top positions in the security apparatus are in the hand of the Alawite majority, a Shia religious minority to which the Assad family belongs . For example, when Assad used extreme violence against protesters the majority of those initially involved in the Syrian uprising were Sunnis.

Answer 7

One economic factor which caused the syrian conflict was the economic sanctions placed on syria before the war due to difficult relationships amongst middle eastern countries, private investment was stopped and industrial production shrunk. For example,just before the war. unemployment increased to around 25% and prices had risen due to a lack of many good Another economic factor was high unemployment. between 2006-2011 Syria experienced one of the hottest and driest periods on record. 75% of syrians farms failed and this forced farmers to move to cities in search of work. For example, 1.5 million impoverished farmer families were forced to move into rapidly expanding urban slums and most failed to find work

Answer 8

one way that syrian crisis effected ordinary people is that it forced people to become refugees. This means many syrians have been caught up and in the violence during the war and have been forced to leave their homes to escape to safety in other countries. For example, is is estimated that 6.7 million syrians have fled to foreign countries. another way syrians we’re affected is by psychological trauma. this means many syrians have been mentally scarred by what they have experienced and seen first hand. this includes witnessing the brutal death of loved ones. for example, it is estimated over 500,000 syrians have died since the war began in 2011

Answer 9

one way the syrian crisi has affected the uk is by creating political divisions the uk in particular has been divided over a number of political issues concerning syria. these have ranged from decisions to extend air strikes i to syria to the number of refugees the uk should allow to enter. For example, in 2015 the british prime minister david cameron argued that air strikes were necessary but this was opposed in the house of commons another way the syrian crisis has affected the uk is financial strain. government agencies such as the foreign, commonwealth and development office specialise in providing aid and assistance to those in need all over the world. FCDO have been heavily involved within syria by providing medicine, food and water For example, the FCDO and uk government has provided aid to syrian civilians who are stuck in the conflict as they have given them food, water and hygiene packs

Answer 10

one way that the syrian conflict has affected other countries is by the refugee crisis placing pressure in neighbouring countries politically, socially and economically this means that countries next to syria have experienced financial strains simply due to the number of refugees coming into their country who need housed, clothes and fed For example,turkey,lebanon and jordan alone host over 5 million refugees for syria another way the syrian crisis has affected other countries is by reawakening ethnic tensions. this concerns turkey in particular whi feel threatened by syrian curds who are fighting isis near their border and who have claimed syrian land as their own. kurdish people in the region have demanded for years separation from turkey to create an independent kurdistan. The syrian ear had fuelled this desire even more and has sparked conflict. for example, in january 2018, turkey began an offensive against the kurds in northern syria

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