Pre-Midterm Flashcards
the pons connects the brain stem with the _____ and the _____
diencephalon and cerebrum
in reference to the parts of the brain stem, where is the pons located
Inferior to the midbrain
anterior to the cerebellum
superior to the medulla oblongata
the pons connects the brain to the _____ and the _____ _____
medulla and spinal cord
* this is the “downstate” connection
the pons connects the _____ _____and the _____ to the cerebellum
brain stem and cerebrum
what is the function of the middle cerebellar peduncles
connect the opposite half of the cerebellum with the pons (crossover sensory axons from the pons)
*important structure of the pons
what is the function of the superior cerebellar peduncles
- Carry EFFERENT axons up
- Connect the cerebellum with the “upstairs” on the opposite side: thalamus, red nucleus, basal ganglia, and reticular formation of the midbrain
everything that goes to the cerebellum is considered _____
*Everything that EXITS the cerebellum is considered_____ Our notes say “exit” not “goes to”
EFFERENT (motor), even if it is going UP at times.
*motor is typically descending and sensory is typically ascending
the reticular formation extends from the _____ to the _____
medulla to the thalamus
T/F
the reticular formation has connections with all parts of the PNS
F; CNS
which structure of the pons plays an important role in: muscle reflexes, sensory impulses, respiration, cardiovascular reflexes, sleep-wake cycle, homeostasis, and consciousness?
The reticular formation
what are the two vital centers of the pons and what do they regulate
The regulation respiration
- Apneustic: initiates or starts breathing
- Pneumothaxic: stops or terminates breathing
which cranial nerves originate in the pons
cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII
Cranial nerve V
Trigeminal-
Motor: for mastication
Sensory: for feeling of the head and face
Cranial nerve VI
Abducens -
abducts the eye ball by contracting eye muscle lateral rectus
Cranial nerve VII
Facial -
moves facial muscles, salivates, lacrimates, feels taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
*only nerve that produces our facial expressions; has parasympathetic branches
Cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulo-Cochlear -
controls hearing and equillibrium
*purely sensory; connects inner ear with cerebrum and cerebellum
what is the location of the medulla oblongata
Situated between the pons and the spinal cord
Anterior to the cerebellum
what are the largest motor tracts for voluntary, conscious movement?
Pyramids (an important structure in the medulla oblongata)
Pyramids of the medulla oblongata connect…?
where does this connection happen?
motor areas of the cerebrum with the opposite side of the spinal cord and the body
this crossover occurs in the decussation of the pyramids, on the border of the medulla and the spinal cord
Cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata
- important nuclei of the medulla
- controls heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, diameter of blood vessels, blood pressure, and blood volume.
Rhythmicity Area of the medulla oblongata
- Important nuclei of the medulla
- controls basic rhythm of respiration (posterior medulla)
- sneezing, hiccuping and coughing are included in this center
Area postrema of the medulla oblongata
- Important nuclei of the medulla oblongata
- Controls nausea and vomiting
Deglutition Center of the medulla oblongata
- important nuclei of the medulla
- responsible for swallowing
Olives
- Important nuclei of the medulla oblongata
- lateral to pyramids
- synapse nuclei for spino-cerebellar tracts for proprioception (automatic subconscious identification of joint positions)
