Pre - midterm Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are effective ways for managing urge and stress incontinence?
Kegel exercises
Bladder training exercises
Incontinence diary
Men are unlikely to have overflow and urge incontinence.
True / False
False - women are more likely to have overflow and urge incontinence.
Women are more likely to have urge and stress incontinence.
True / False
True
Acute changes in continence are often caused by:
Underlying medical conditions (infection, hypoglycemia) and the incontinence may be reversible.
True / False
True
Maintaining continence requires more than intact urinary function; it also requires mobility, motivation, proper access to facilities and relatively intact function.
True / False
True
What are the risk factors for Falls in older people?
- Age-related changes in:
Vision
Hearing
Proprioception ( aka kinesthesia: is the body’s ability to sense movement, action, & location)
Muscle activation (delayed onset of compensatory activation in response to postural changes)
Blood pressure (reduced compensatory response to postural changes). - Age › 80 years
Cognitive impairment
Depression
Functional impairment (measured by changes in activities of daily living)
Visual impairment
History of falls
Gait or balance deficit - Use of assistive device
Arthritis
Leg weakness
Orthostatic hypotension
Psychotropic or sedative drug use
Frequent fear of falling
Falls are not common in the elderly and can’t result in serious or fatal injuries; most falls aren’t multifactorial in nature and can’t be prevented.
True / False
False
Physical restraints are not necessary to reduce the risk of future falls. They are likely to increase the risk of injury and should be avoided.
True / False
True
In a patient who falls, sedating medications should be minimized or eliminated.
True / False
True
Assessment Programs include tests that are grouped into three categories. What are they?
- Tests examining general physical health: 6 maneuvers task (function tested).
- Tests measuring the ability to perform basic self care (ADLs): Cognitive assessment - Mini-mental state.
- Tests measuring ability to perform more complex activities (IADLs) reflecting the ability to live independently in the community: Motivation - Assess depression (single question: “Do you often feel sad or depressed”).
Mobility, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, continence, eating are activities of?
Activities of Daily Living ( ADL)
Using telephone, driving, using public transportation, shopping, preparing meals, housework, taking medicine & managing money are activities of?
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
The severity of the disability may be measured in terms of whether a person:
Does not perform the activity at all
Can only perform the activity with the help of another person
Can perform the activity with the help of special equipment
Who Needs Assessments?
Recent development of physical or cognitive impairments
Patients with fragmented specialty medical care
Evaluating patient competency/capacity
Dealing with medico-legal issues
What is Geriatric Assessment?
It is a a multidimensional, multidisciplinary assessment designed to evaluate an older person’s functional ability, physical health, cognition and mental health, and socio- environmental circumstances.
It is usually initiated when the physician identifies a potential problem in terms of:
Functional capabilities
Disabilities
Medical & Psychological characteristics
Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
Physiological age may or may not coincide with chronological age.
True / False
True
Physiological age depends on:
Physiologic competence - good to optimal function of all body systems.
Health status: absence of disease
List down the nursing diagnosis based on nursing care of a geriatric patient.
Risk for loneliness
Altered dentition
Risk for falls
Knowledge deficit
Confusion
Sexual dysfunction
Wandering
What is the role of the nurse in promoting health to geriatric patients?
Nutrition
Exercise
Immunizations
Annual Physicals
Medications
What are the common health problems of geriatric patients?
Heart disease, cancer, stroke
Poly-Pharmacy
Accidents, falls
Arthritis
Chronic illness
Elder Abuse
Cognitive Changes (Abnormal Aging)
Confusion
Alzheimer’s disease
Sundowning syndrome
The 3 D’s:
1. Dementia Severe cognitive loss & memory loss
2. Depression
3. Delirium
Cognitive Changes
Ability to perceive and understand one’s world
Mild short term memory loss
Long term memory remains intact
Slower responses and reactions
Special Senses Changes
Diminished vision
Night blindness
Diminished hearing
Decreased taste & smell
Theories about Sun downing (a state of confusion occurring in the late afternoon and lasting into the night):
Person can’t see well in dimming light
Hormone imbalances r/t biological clock
Person tired @ end of day; decreased coping
Restlessness because daytime activities are decreasing
Caregivers communicate their own fatigue & stress to clients
