Pre-release Morcambe Bay and Duddon

Question 1

List the Impacts of Energy Insecurity.

Answer 1

Exploring Environmentally sensitive areas
Increase economic cost
Investment in renewables
Reduction of industrial output
Decreased food production
Political Conflict

Question 2

Costs and Benefits: Exploration of difficult/ environmentally sensitive areas.

Question 3

Costs and Benefits:
Increased use of renewables

Question 4

Costs and Benefits:
Increased economic cost

Question 5

Costs and Benefits:
Decreases Food production

Question 6

Costs and Benefits:
Reduction in industrial output

Question 7

Costs and Benefits:
Potential for conflict

Question 8

Give pros and cons for using Biofuels/ Biomass

Answer 8

Plant and animal matter (wood, waste, straw) or trees grown for fuel. Burning biomass can produce heat and electricity.

Question 9

Give pros and cons for using Solar Power.

Answer 9

Suns light and heat captured by silar pannels and turned into electricity or used to heat water.

Question 10

Give pros and cons for using Wind energy.

Answer 10

Groups of wind turbines are built on land or sea.

Question 11

Give pros and cons for using HEP

Answer 11

Energy generated from moving water.

Question 12

Give pros and cons for using Tidal energy

Answer 12

Every day the tides go in and out, and the sea rises and falls. Marine turbines can use this movement to generate electric power.

Question 13

Give pros and cons for using Wave energy

Answer 13

The energy in waves can be used to generate electricity.

Question 14

Give pros and cons for using geothermal energy.

Answer 14

Geothermal powerstations use heat from deep underground to generate electricity.

Question 15

What are some reasons for Changes in UK Energy Consumption?

Give the overall change

Answer 15

Overall Decline in Energy Consumption
* Improved energy efficiency – Homes, businesses, and appliances have become more energy-efficient.
* Decline in heavy industry – The UK has shifted towards a service-based economy, reducing industrial energy demand.
* Environmental policies – Stricter regulations and commitments to reducing carbon emissions have impacted energy use.
* Higher energy costs – Rising prices have encouraged businesses and households to cut consumption.
* Covid-19 impact (2020) – Lockdowns and travel restrictions led to a temporary but sharp drop in energy use.

Question 16

For Figure 1 can you give the sector specific trends?

Answer 16

Industry – Major decline due to deindustrialisation, outsourcing of manufacturing, and automation.

Transport – Slight increase due to rising car numbers and then gradual decline as vehicle efficiency improves; sharp drop in 2020 due to lockdowns.

Domestic – Slight decrease due to better insulation, energy-efficient appliances, and smart meters.

Services – Relatively stable, as increased energy use from digital technology, offices, and air conditioning is balanced by more energy-efficient buildings, LED lighting etc.

Question 17

What does “When adjusted for temperature” mean?

Answer 17

Means that the energy consumption data has been corrected to account for variations in weather conditions, particularly temperature differences between years.

Question 18

What are the Key difference between “UK total energy mix” and “UK electricity mix”?

Answer 18

Key Differences:
* Total energy mix includes energy for all uses (electricity, heating, transport, industry).
* Electricity energy mix focuses only on power generation.
* Oil is 40% of the total energy mix but only 4% of the electricity mix, as it’s mainly used for transport.
* Renewables are 15% of the total mix but 39% of electricity mix, as they are increasingly used for power generation.

Question 19

What does UK total energy mix mean?

Answer 19

The UK total energy mix refers to all the energy sources used in the country for various purposes, including electricity generation, heating, transport, and industrial processes. This mix includes oil, natural gas, renewables, nuclear, and coal, showing their relative contributions.

Question 20

What does UK total electricity mix mean?

Answer 20

The UK electricity energy mix, on the other hand, refers specifically to the sources used only for generating electricity. This mix is different because some fuels (like oil) are primarily used for transport rather than electricity generation, while renewables and nuclear play a more significant role in power production.

Question 21

Define energy security.

Answer 21

Energy security
Energy security is having an uninterrupted and affordable energy supply which is able to sustain people’s lives and daily activities.

Question 22

How do economic factors affect energy security?

Question 23

How do political factors affect energy security?

Question 24

How does technology affect energy security?

Question 25

How do physical factors affect energy security?

Question 26

Why may have the electricity capacity declined in UK since 2016?

Answer 26

The decline in UK electricity capacity since 2016 is mainly due to: closure of coal power stations (coal made up a large part of the capacity so closing them reduced overall capacity) a shift to renewables: cleaner but often less constant and some renewable sources produce less capacity

Question 27

Why has there been a decline in electricity demand in the UK since 2004? | Even though UK’s population has grown, electricity demand has fallen.

Answer 27

**Increased energy efficiency** : LED lights, modern appliances, and better insulation use less electricity. New buildings are more energy efficient and Smart Meters help people see how much electricity they’re using and make change **Deindustrialisation** : The UK economy has shifted from heavy industry (like steelmaking and manufacturing) to services (like IT, finance, etc.), which use less electricity. Some factories have closed or moved abroad, reducing industrial demand. **Public awareness and government policy** : Campaigns to reduce energy use, plus higher electricity prices, have encouraged people to cut usage. **More local and renewable generation:** Some people and businesses now generate their own electricity (e.g. with solar panels), so they draw less from the National Grid.

Question 28

Describe the location of the proposed tidal barrage scheme. [3]

Answer 28

The proposed tidal barrage scheme goes across Morecambe Bay and the Duddon Estuary in North-west England. It connects the county of Lancashire with the Furness Peninsula in the county of Cumbria. The Morecambe Bay barrage will stretch 18 km from Heysham on the Lancashire coast to the Furness Peninsula, and the Duddon barrage will connect the peninsular to Haverigg.

Question 29

What is and why is the project a multi-use scheme?

Answer 29

1. Provides clean, reliable energy 2. Improves transport links in NW England 3. Creates jobs and stimulates the positive multiplier effect 4. Improves storm surge and flood protection

Question 30

Give 3 reasons that suggests the areas has local environmental importance.

Answer 30

1. **Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB)** A protected landscape known for its natural beauty, important for conservation and recreation. 2. **Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)** is a formal conservation designation of a protected area important for wildlife, plants, and geological features. 3. 4 nature reserves eg. Heysham and Leyton Moss