Pre-Uni Words

Question 1

adjudication

Answer 1

formal judgement on disputed matter

Question 2

appellant

Answer 2

a party who appeals

Question 3

arbitrator

Answer 3

an independent person or body officially appointed to settle a dispute

Question 4

beneficiary

Answer 4

person who derives advantage from something (e.g. a trust/will)

Question 5

bylaw

Answer 5

regulation made by company or society to control the actions of its members

Question 6

case stated

Answer 6

cases based upon legal arguments where there is no factual dispute

Question 7

claimant

Answer 7

(civil) a person making a claim

Question 8

common law

Answer 8

the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes
AND/OR
law that is not a result of legislation but by precedents, English law, law that is not foreign

Question 9

community law

Answer 9

law that affects/applies to EU member countries

Question 10

consent order

Answer 10

both parties agreeing to come to a settlement by means of a court order

Question 11

contempt of court

Answer 11

person/party disobeying order of court

Question 12

conviction

Answer 12

(criminal) a formal declaration by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law that someone is guilty of a criminal offence

Question 13

damages

Answer 13

(civil) a sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for a loss or an injury

Question 14

decree

Answer 14

a judgement or decision of certain law courts, especially in matrimonial cases

Question 15

defendant

Answer 15

(criminal) person/party being accused

Question 16

delegated legislation

Answer 16

ministers’ or bodies’ (other than the Parliament but with their permission) more detailed law to support the enabling act

Question 17

devolution

Answer 17

transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, decent to a lower or worse state

Question 18

equity

Answer 18

a branch of law that developed alongside common law and is concerned with fairness and justice

Question 19

indictment

Answer 19

(criminal) formal accusation against serious crime suspect, filed after the conclusion of a jury investigation

Question 20

injunction

Answer 20

(civil) a judicial order restraining a person from beginning or continuing an action threatening or invading the legal right of another, or compelling a person to carry out a certain act, e.g. to make restitution to an injured party

Question 21

judicial review

Answer 21

a procedure by which a court can review an administrative action by a public body and (in England) secure a declaration, order, or award

Question 22

layman

Answer 22

person who does not belong to the profession of which one is speaking

Question 23

leapfrog procedure

Answer 23

bypass strategy (of appeals)

Question 24

matrimonial

Answer 24

(civil) marital

Question 25

offence

Answer 25

(criminal) criminal wrong, a breach of a law or rule; an illegal act

Question 26

omission

Answer 26

(civil) civil wrong, a failure to fulfil a moral or legal obligation

Question 27

petitioner

Answer 27

(civil) (matrimonial) a person who makes a formal application to a court for a juridical action

Question 28

plaintiff

Answer 28

(civil) (<1999) a person making a claim

Question 29

precedent

Answer 29

a previous case or legal decision that may be or (binding precedent) must be followed in subsequent similar cases

Question 30

primary legislation

Answer 30

government of the day's principal policies

Question 31

private law

Answer 31

law between citizen and citizen

Question 32

procedural law

Answer 32

law regarding the enforcement and/or defence of legal rights and obligations

Question 33

prosecutor

Answer 33

(criminal) person or party making a criminal claim against another person/party

Question 34

public law

Answer 34

law between citizen and state (sometimes called constitutional and administrative law)

Question 35

quashing order

Answer 35

(civil) mandatory order to an inferior court fulfil public or statutory order

Question 36

respondent

Answer 36

(civil) a party against whom an appeal is filed

Question 37

restitutionary obligation

Answer 37

(civil) obligation to pay back undeserved funds (not considered an omission)

Question 38

secondary legislation

Answer 38

ministers' or bodies' (other than the Parliament but with their permission) more detailed law to support the enabling act

Question 39

settlor

Answer 39

(civil) person who transfers property (e.g. land or shares)

Question 40

specific performance

Answer 40

(civil) the performance of a contractual duty, as ordered in cases where damages would not be adequate remedy

Question 41

statute

Answer 41

a written law passed by government

Question 42

stipes

Answer 42

colloquial nickname for stipendiary magistrates

Question 43

substantive law

Answer 43

law regarding rights and obligations

Question 44

summary

Answer 44

(criminal) formal accusation against less serious crime suspect, filed without the presence/right to a jury trial

Question 45

testator

Answer 45

(civil) person making a will

Question 46

tort

Answer 46

(civil) civil wrong independent of contract

Question 47

trustee

Answer 47

(civil) person legally responsible for administering entrusted property

Question 48

certiorari

Answer 48

(civil) order by which a higher court reviews a case tried in a lower court

Question 49

ex parte

Answer 49

"from a side" - the absence of one or more party in court during a matter

Question 50

mandamus

Answer 50

(civil) mandatory order to an inferior court fulfil public or statutory order

Question 51

prima facie

Answer 51

"at first glance" - legally convincing first impression, unless proven by contrary evidence

Question 52

stare decisis

Answer 52

"stand by things decided" - legal practice of determining points in litigation according to precedent

Question 53

tortus

Answer 53

(civil) twisted/wrung

Question 54

cestui(s) que trust

Answer 54

(civil) /séttee kee trust/ beneficiary

Question 55

puisne

Answer 55

/puny/ the title of a judge, other than the chief justice, of a superior court of a common law jurisdiction

Question 56

tort (FR)

Answer 56

(civil) wrong

Question 57

double jeopardy

Answer 57

the prosecution or punishment of a person twice for the same offence

Question 58

social contract

Answer 58

where the people of a country surrender their power to a limited number of representatives to govern them